受损混凝土梁段中非均匀刚度的损伤反演

利用波传播理论,建立损伤介质的一维波动方程及反问题分析理论.采用脉冲谱技术并结合正则化思想,针对几种典型损伤模型,在瞬态波场中对损伤进行了反演的数值模拟计算,比较了是否考虑损伤度不为负值的先验信息的反演结果,得出考虑先验信息会使反演结果得到显著改进.数值模拟得到了与真值较为吻合的损伤度及其分布的反演结果.     

基于预制累积损伤模型的大跨径梁桥损伤响应分析

针对大跨径PC梁桥建造过程中存在的局部损伤及构件损伤问题,提出预制累积损伤模型及基于此模型的大跨径PC梁桥结构损伤响应分析方法.考虑桥梁施工阶段两种累积损伤效应组合,建立基于预制累积损伤的两类累积损伤工况结构响应模型,对累积损伤导致的梁桥应力和变形状态影响效应做定量和定性分析研究.结果表明,大跨径梁桥在考虑钢筋锈蚀损伤参与组合时,预应力效应损伤引起结构位移明显上拱或下挠;箱梁应力变化影响亦受预应力损伤度控制.     

混凝土介质中瞬态波场的损伤反演

在长期荷载作用下混凝土结构中会存在损伤，利用波传播理论，采用脉冲谱技术并结合正则化思想，针对几种典型损伤模型，在瞬态波场中对损伤进行了反演的数值模拟计算，考虑先验信息使反演结果得到明显改进，并得到了与真值较为吻合的损伤度及其分布的反演结果。     

带状渐变非均匀介质中波的传播

对弹性波在带状渐变非均匀介质中的传播进行了研究，建立了非均匀介质中波动方程的一般形式；利用走时变换，考虑边界条件、辐射条件和非均匀带两端的连续条件对变系数偏微分方程式进行求解。对3种不同的具有二次变化的带状非均匀介质中波的传播得出了解析解，并进行了实例计算。在非均匀介质区域中的弹性模量不同变化情况下，得到了不同区域长度与接收波波幅之间的变化规律曲线，讨论了弹性波在非均匀介质中传播的一般性质，这些均为无损检测或波动反分析提供依据。     

非线性弹性地基内预应力梁中的非线性波

研究了埋置于非线性弹性地基内预应力梁中非线性弯曲波的传播特性。同时考虑了梁中的预应力和非线性弹性地基对梁中非线性弯曲波的传播特性的影响,利用Hamilton变分原理导出了梁中非线性弯曲波传播的支配方程。借助多重尺度法将非线性弯曲波动方程简化为非线性Schr鰀inger方程,并给出了包络孤立子解。研究结果表明,在一定条件下,非线性弹性地基内预应力梁中存在包络孤立波。     

预应力框架在不同的施工方案下考虑施工过程的分析

建立在不同施工方案下预应力框架考虑施工过程的分析模型,对各种施工方案下预应力框架进行算例分析并进行比较．分析结果表明,预应力框架结构在不同的施工方案下考虑施工过程分析,其结果出现一定的差别,施工时应根据实际情况选择施工方案．本文分析模型符合实际受力情况,分析结果可供工程设计参考．     

主动约束混凝土圆柱的损伤演化规律

为了揭示主动约束混凝土圆柱的损伤演化规律,在细观层次上分析了环向预应力主动约束混凝土的破坏机理,在构件层次上基于试验研究了环向预应力纤维条带主动约束混凝土圆柱的损伤演化规律,探讨了主动约束作用对混凝土圆柱刚度的影响,研究结果表明:随着应力水平的提高,损伤应变曲线的斜率先减小后增大,体现了柱的损伤发展由缓慢到快速的渐变过程;直至试件应变达到峰值应变,损伤度达到0.4~0.6之间时试件破坏;并在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出了损伤演化方程,该方程反映了预应力大小和混凝土强度等级对轴压混凝土圆柱损伤演化的影响;给出了适用于环向预应力纤维条带主动约束混凝土圆柱的等效初始弹性模量的计算公式。     

钢与高强混凝土预应力组合梁数值分析

为在理论上对预应力组合梁力学性能有更进一步认识,以数值积分方法为基础,考虑材料非线性,提出钢与高强混凝土预应力组合梁由加载至破坏的全过程非线性分析模式,研制计算程序,对其进行全过程非线性分析,得到载荷与变形、载荷与预应力增量关系曲线。结果表明:组合梁的受力状态一般经历弹性、弹塑性及塑性三个阶段,并且在整个加载过程中,组合梁的刚度发生过变化,在局部区域出现塑性铰。通过预应力筋与钢梁的变形协调求出预应力筋的内力增量,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。该成果为预应力组合梁设计提供理论分析手段。     

随钻地震的钻头震源研究

对随钻地震技术中的钻头震源进行了理论研究,重点分析了钻头冲击井底岩石产生的张性波和体波．纵波主要沿着井轴传播;横波主要沿着垂直于井轴的平面传播．现场考察了各种波（包括次生波）在随钻地震剖面上的特征．这些由钻头产生的波具有不同的延迟时间,它是井口偏移距和钻头深度的函数,建立了时距曲线方程．研究这些波的类型可为随钻地震技术的野外井场施工提供一定的依据,对钻头产生波场解释是很有必要的．     

溃坝波在弯曲河道中传播的二维数值模拟

为分析溃坝波在天然弯曲河道中传播的特点,建立了跟踪河道走向的正交曲线坐标系,并通过坐标变换、简化和水深积分推导出了曲线坐标系下的二维浅水方程.利用能较好地适应水流间断性质的Godunov差分格式,对控制方程在二维矩形区域上进行离散求解,模拟溃坝波在不同弯曲度弯道中的传播过程.结果表明,该模型能够简便、快速、有效地模拟弯道溃坝波的传播,河道的弯曲会对溃坝波传播的速度以及水面形态产生影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-