两步法合成DMDHEU树脂的研究

介绍了两步法合成DMDHEU树脂的工艺,探讨了乙二醛、脲、甲醛原料配比,以及pH值、反应温度和时间等因素对合成工艺的影响,分析比较了合成树脂的游离甲醛量、整理后织物释放甲醛量、折皱回复角及强力保留值等测试结果,优化出较佳合成工艺：n（乙二醛）∶n（脲）∶n（甲醛）=1∶1.10∶1.95,环构化反应的pH值为4.8～5.1,温度55～58℃,时间3 h,羟甲基化反应的pH值为8.0～8.3,温度65～68℃,时间4 h.合成树脂的游离甲醛低于0.5%.     

甲醇醚化DMDHEU工艺研究

通过单因素和正交试验探讨了甲醇用量、醚化时间、醚化温度以及醚化体系pH值对改性DMDHEU树脂性能的影响.通过测定和分析树脂的羟甲基甲醛含量、游离甲醛含量以及整理后织物的游离和水解甲醛量、折皱回复角、撕破强力等,确定了较佳的甲醇醚化工艺：甲醇用量为DMDHEU用量的36%,反应体系pH值为1.7～1.9,反应温度为50～52℃,反应时间为3.5 h,醚化后树脂的游离甲醛量低于0.3%,整理后织物上游离和水解的甲醛量为38.37 mg.kg-1,折皱回复角较原布提高了近100°,经、纬向撕破强力保留率均高于50%.     

混合醇醚化DMDHEU工艺研究

采用混合醇醚化DMDHEU树脂合成超低甲醛树脂.探讨了混合醇组成、混合醇用量、邻苯二甲酸酐用量、反应时间、反应温度和pH值对醚化后DMDHEU树脂性能的影响.通过测定和分析树脂中羟甲基含量、游离甲醛含量以及整理后织物的释放甲醛量、折皱回复角、撕破强力等,确定了较佳的混合醇醚化工艺:混合醇由66%二甘醇、17%乙二醇、17%甲醇组成,用量为DMDHEU用量的36%,邻苯二甲酸酐用量为混合醇用量的0.5%,反应温度70～72℃,反应时间4 h,pH值3.1~3.3,醚化后树脂的游离甲醛量低于0.4%,整理后织物上的释放甲醛量为37.6 mg/kg,折皱回复角较原布提高了100°以上,经向撕破强力保留率高于50%,综合性能优于用二甘醇醚化的DMDHEU树脂.     

微反应器中双-(4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基)甲烷的连续合成

以N,N-二甲基苯胺和甲醛为原料,以对氨基苯磺酸为催化剂,在微反应器中连续合成双-(4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基)甲烷.通过对反应温度、停留时间、原料物质的量配比、催化剂用量等反应因素的考察,确定了较优的工艺参数:反应温度为120 ℃,停留时间为90 s,n(甲醛):n(N,N-二甲基苯胺)=0.6:1.0,n(催化剂):n(甲醛)=3%,此时反应收率为95.2%,产品HPLC纯度为98.2%.与传统间歇釜式合成工艺相比,连续流工艺实现了双-(4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基)甲烷合成反应的连续稳定进行,大大缩短了反应时间,适合工业化生产.     

混合醇醚化DMDHEU工艺研究

采用混合醇醚化DMDHEU树脂合成超低甲醛树脂.探讨了混合醇组成、混合醇用量、邻苯二甲酸酐用量、反应时间、反应温度和pH值对醚化后DMDHEU树脂性能的影响.通过测定和分析树脂中羟甲基含量、游离甲醛含量以及整理后织物的释放甲醛量、折皱回复角、撕破强力等,确定了较佳的混合醇醚化工艺：混合醇由66%二甘醇、17%乙二醇、17%甲醇组成,用量为DMDHEU用量的36%,邻苯二甲酸酐用量为混合醇用量的0.5%,反应温度70～72℃,反应时间4 h,pH值3.1~3.3,醚化后树脂的游离甲醛量低于0.4%,整理后织物上的释放甲醛量为37.6 mg/kg,折皱回复角较原布提高了100°以上,经向撕破强力保留率高于50%,综合性能优于用二甘醇醚化的DMDHEU树脂.     

DMDHEU树脂改性工艺研究

介绍了用二甘醇改性DMDHEU树脂的工艺,探讨了二甘醇用量、邻苯二甲酸酐用量、反应温度、反应时间和pH值对改性DMDHEU树脂性能的影响.通过对树脂中羟甲基相对量、游离甲醛量、含固量及整理后织物的释放甲醛量、折皱回复角、撕破强力保留值的测定和分析,确定较佳的改性工艺为:二甘醇用量为DMDHEU用量的30%,邻苯二甲酸酐用量为二甘醇用量的1.0%,反应温度70～72℃,时间4 h,pH值3.1～3.3,改性后树脂的游离甲醛量低于0.4%.整理后织物上的释放甲醛量为35.67 mg/kg,经向撕破强力保留率大于66%,水洗尺寸变化率经向为0.7%,纬向为0.9%,达到优等品质量标准.     

1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇的合成

以四甲基哌啶醇为原料采用环已烷萃取法合成五甲基哌啶醇,研究了温度、甲醛用量及反应时间对反应收率的影响.最佳反应条件是:温度98℃,反应时间2 h,n(四甲基哌啶醇):n(甲醛)=1:3.0.反应收率达99.19%.     

奥美拉唑合成工艺研究

采用均匀设计法,优化了选定的合成路线,得到了合成奥美拉唑的最佳工艺条件:摩尔比n(硫醚)∶n(间氯过氧苯甲酸)=1∶1;反应液pH值为7.5;氧化剂添加时间2.5 h;反应温度-5℃;保温时间3.0 h.在此工艺条件下,其目的产品奥美拉唑的试验平均摩尔收率为92.07%,比现行工艺可提高至少2个百分点.新化合物及产品的结构经1H-NMR、MS得以确证.     

环保型脲醛树脂胶粘剂合成工艺的研究

通过对低毒环保型脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成工艺进行研究,得出的结论为按工艺条件,一次性加入甲醛后,用NaOH或NH_4Cl调节pH值、用聚乙烯醇作改性剂,在适当的温度下分批加入尿素,进行阶段反应,从而获得一种乳白色的胶粘剂。按此工艺合成的脲醛树脂胶,其游离甲醇含量仅0.15％,产品陈放1周后,游离甲醛含量降到0.1％以下,完全可以满足环境保护的要求。图2,表2,参11。     

由间氯苯甲醛氧化合成间氯苯甲酸的研究

在醋酸溶液中,以间氯苯甲醛、溴酸钾为原料合成间氯苯甲酸,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、溶剂的用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.该方法合成间氯苯甲酸的最适宜的操作条件是:反应温度为90℃、反应时间为90 min、n(间氯苯甲醛):n(溴酸钾)=1:0.45,溶剂用量为40 mL(相对于0.1 mol间氯苯甲醛).间氯苯甲酸的收率可达到99.36%以上,间氯苯甲酸产品纯度w(间氯苯甲酸)=99.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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