照光对兰州百合花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

初步研究了光对兰州百合花粉体外萌发及花粉管生长的影响，发现预先照光３０分钟促进花粉萌发也促进花粉管的生长，激活酸性磷酸酯酶１，同时还发现无论是预先照光还是水合都引起花粉过氧化物酶活性的上降。花粉中酸性磷酸酯酶１的出现与花粉萌发时花粉管的出现直接关联。     

银杏种子萌发过程中蛋白质及3种氮代谢酶活性的变化

以不同萌发状态的银杏种子为研究对象,对其萌发过程中蛋白质、氨基酸含量及氮代谢相关酶活性的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:银杏种子萌发期间蛋白质含量有逐渐降低的趋势。游离氨基酸含量在种子萌发初期随着萌发的进行逐渐增加,当种子露白、胚根快突破种皮时游离氨基酸含量迅速下降,而幼芽开始生长后游离氨基酸含量又缓慢上升。蛋白酶的活性随种子的萌发逐渐增加,最大值达0.048 mg/(g.h),其后活性逐渐下降;肽酶活性总体呈上升趋势,萌发开始阶段酶活性变化不大,当种子萌动时酶活性迅速增加,随后趋缓;硝酸还原酶活性也随着萌发的进行而增加,幼苗开始生长后酶活性逐渐下降。因此银杏种子萌发过程中贮藏蛋白质的降解为幼苗生长提供重要的氮源,这一过程与3种氮代谢酶活性密切相关。     

杂交稻种子萌发酶活性的变化

在种子萌发过程中,酶活性的变化是最为明显的现象之一,用3,5-二硝基水扬酸法、碱式滴定法、离体法、愈创木酚法分别测定了陵优1号、中优9801和宜香93033种杂交稻种子萌发过程中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、硝酸还原酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化,结果表明:杂交稻种子萌发率与淀粉酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化呈极显著相关.     

烟叶中糖类物质含量及产地特性

定量检测不同产地鲜烟叶与烤后烟叶中淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量,分析各糖类物质间含量相关性,比较烘烤前后各糖类物质含量变化,并研究不同产地鲜烟叶及烤后烟叶的糖类物质含量特性。结果表明:鲜烟叶中淀粉含量与烤后烟叶中葡萄糖、果糖及蔗糖含量均呈显著正相关,蔗糖含量与烤后烟叶中所有糖类物质含量均呈中等负相关;在鲜烟叶与烤后烟叶中,果糖、葡萄糖含量相当;黑龙江产鲜烟叶中淀粉含量最高,河南产鲜烟叶中淀粉含量最低,云南产鲜烟叶中还原糖、蔗糖含量最高;云南产烤后烟叶中淀粉转化最充分,黑龙江产烤后烟叶中淀粉含量最高,河南产烤后烟叶中葡萄糖、果糖含量显著低于其他产地的。     

自交不亲和甘蓝的花粉萌发与花柱内保护酶活性变化

研究了柱头提取液对自交不亲和甘蓝花粉萌发、花粉管生长以及自花、异花授粉过程中花柱内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性动态变化.结果表明:自花柱头提取液能显著抑制花粉萌发和花粉管的生长,而异花柱头提取液能提高花粉萌发率和花粉管的生长;授粉过程中花柱内SOD,POD和CAT活性都显著上升,而自花授粉上升幅度明显低于异花授粉.花柱内蛋白质含量在授粉过程中都会上升,但自花授粉在授粉后最初3～5min出现一个含量峰值.     

几种微量物质对荔枝花粉萌发及生长的影响

该文中将海南的3个荔枝优良品种：榆林丁香、牛心蕊、南岛丁香的成熟花粉分别播种于添加不同浓度尿素、萘乙酸和硼花粉萌发培养基上，在25℃和18℃两个温度条件下进行培养2h，结果表明，在25℃条件下，这3种物质对在不荔枝花粉萌发以及生长均有促进作用，其作用效果为尿素（0．4）＞硼酸（0．1）＞萘乙酸（0．1），在18℃条件下，都不萌发。     

植酸对杂交稻种子萌发过程及几种酶活性影响的研究

以杂交稻种汕优６３为材料，采用不同浓度植酸浸种，对其萌发过程进行了研究，实验发现：一定浓度的植酸能延缓种子发，降低种了萌发率，这可能与植酸抑制植酸酶活有关，同时，植酸还可能又对种子萌发关键作用的磷酸化酶和α－淀粉酶等水解酶活性起强烈的抑制作用，实验结果还表明，ＧＡ对用植处理过的种子有明显的解抑制作用，这将为解决杂交稻制种中存在的阴雨天上发芽的问题提供理论依据。     

野燕麦花粉的人工萌发研究

花粉寿命通常较短,一般为几分钟到几个小时,这样就影响采集花粉和授精的机械化过程,降低劳动生产率.实验通过对野燕麦花粉的贮藏条件和萌发进行研究,从而解决了上述问题.     

蚕豆花粉体外萌发的超微结构观察

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究蚕豆花粉体外萌发的超微结构，绝大多数花粉具远近极双孔沟，沟中有一花粉孔．花粉外壁覆盖层呈特异的细皱网纹，外被嗜锇性物质．花粉孔口仅由花粉内壁构成．当花粉萌发时，精细胞胞质、核内可见成束微管，胞内偶见微丝样结构．生长的花粉管顶端含絮状物质小泡和顶端管外细胞壁纤维构成有密切相关．     

盐胁迫对含笑花粉萌发的影响

以含笑(Micheliafigo)花粉为试验材料,采用花粉人工培养法研究了不同浓度NaCl对含笑花粉萌发特性的影响。结果表明:NaCl对含笑花粉萌发有抑制作用,且抑制程度随培养基中NaCl浓度的增大而加强,2 mmol·L-1NaCl就能显著(P<0.05)抑制含笑花粉萌发。耐盐程度分析表明,含笑花粉萌发的耐盐浓度、耐盐半致死浓度、耐盐极限浓度分别为1.86、15.80、38.11 mmol·L-1。     

Effects of extracellular calmodulin on pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of calmoddin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose, anti-CaM serum and exogenous purified CaM on pollen germination and tube growth ofForsythia suspensu were studied. The pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by CaM antagonist W7-agarose. The addition of exogenous purified CaM stimulated pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous purified CaM. The tube growth of germinated pollen was also inhibited or completely stopped by W7-agarose. The results suggest that endogenous extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes.     

Actin and myosin during pollen germination

Actin and myosin from pollen tubes of Lilium davidii were studied by using immunoblotting, Dot_Blot and myosin Ca 2+_ATPase analysis. On immunoblotting of the total soluble pollen tube proteins, anti_α_actin antibody labelled a polypeptide approximately 43 ku, which is considered to be the actin of lily. The mRNA encoding actin in ungerminated pollen and germinated pollen were both undetectable in our experiments. A myosin exhibited Ca 2+_ATPase activity, with a native molecular weight of 460 ku has been identified by using immunoblotting. A polypeptide of about 205 ku and a polypeptide of about 20 ku were the heavy chain and a set of light chain of the myosin, which can crossreact with anti_skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibody and anti_skeletal muscle myosin light chain (20 ku) monoclonal antibody, respectively. The Ca 2+_ATPase activities of myosin in crude extracts of germinated pollen were positively related to the growth rates of pollen tubes.     

Effects of nitrogen ion implantation on lily pollen germination and the distribution of the actin cytoskeleton during pollen germination

The effects of low energy nitrogen ion implantation on lily (Lilium davidii Duch.) pollen germination and the distribution of the actin cytoskeleton during pollen germination have been studied. Preliminary results showed that the ratio of pollen germination increased from (16.0± 1.6)% to (27.0±2.1)% when implanted with nitrogen ions by 100 keV and a dose of 10¹³ ions/cm². Further experiments were performed by staining the actin filaments in pollen with rhodamine-phalloidin and detected by using laser confocol microscopy. After hydration for 10 h, the actin filaments in ion implanted pollen grains tended to form thick bundles oriented in parallel or ring shape at the germinal furrow, indicating that the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the germination of pollen might be mediated by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.     

低温冷藏玉米花粉过氧化物酶同工酶的变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳对低温冷冻－真空干燥－常低温保存的玉米花粉过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究，在相对温度保持在８０％，贮藏温度－１０℃，花娄水汾保持在６％￣８％的条件下，经冷冻贮藏１５０ｄ后仍有５％￣８￣的萌发能力，结果表明，过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱的表达与冷藏的时间，温度，湿度有关。     

Dynamic organization of actin cytoskeleton during the polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplasts

The formation of the polarity of pollen protoplast and the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton were observed by non-fixation, Alexa-Phalloidin probing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results showed that the protoplast obtained from stored pollen contained numerous crystalline fusiform bodies to constitute a storage form of actin. When dormant pollen was hydrated, the actin cytoskeleton forms a fine network spreading uniformly in the protoplast. In the process of polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, actin filaments marshaled slowly to the brim, and then formed multilayer continuous actin filament bundles surrounding the cortical of the protoplast. When the protoplast was exposed to actin filament-disrupting drugs, such as Latrunculin A and Cytochalasin D, continuously arranged actin bundles were disturbed and in this condition, the protoplast could not germinate. But when exposed to actin filament stabiling drug-phalliodin, the dynamics of actin filaments in the protoplasts behaved normally and the protoplasts could germinate normally. These results were also confirmed by the pharmacology experiments on pollen grains. And when Latrunculin A or Cytochalasin D was washed off, the ratio of pollen germination was resumed partly. All the results above show that the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton are critical in the cell polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, and that the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is mainly due to the rearrangement of actin filament arrays.     

麝香百合小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花蕾大小相关性研究

为了探讨花粉母细胞减数分裂进程与花蕾长度的对应关系,并确定诱导2n花粉的最佳时机,以麝香百合雷山(Lilium longiflorum ‘Le ishan’)的幼嫩花蕾为材料,观察了花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程。结果表明:同一花蕾花粉囊里的花粉母细胞大多处于同一分裂时期。花粉母细胞染色体在间期复制一次后,经历连续两次分裂,最后形成具有单倍染色体数目的花粉粒,属于连续型胞质分裂。花蕾长度与花粉母细胞所处的分裂时期具有对应关系,是估计花粉母细胞发育时期较为可靠的指标。当百合花蕾长度为1.0~2.5 cm时花粉母细胞分裂处于旺盛期,花蕾长度为1.5~2.0 cm时是2n花粉的有效诱导时期。     

发芽对裸燕麦营养品质的影响

发芽是一种有效提升谷物营养特性的绿色加工方法,为了进一步改善裸燕麦的营养价值,研究了不同发芽时间处理对裸燕麦营养品质的影响。研究结果显示,发芽对蛋白质含量无影响,但能提升裸燕麦内源淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性,造成脂肪含量显著下降及淀粉颗粒形貌改变。游离氨基酸含量随发芽时间增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,且氨基酸组成中谷氨酸、丝氨酸显著降低,丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸显著增加。体外模拟消化结果显示,发芽能显著改变淀粉、蛋白质及脂肪的消化特性,相比于0 d,发芽1 d的裸燕麦还原糖释放量下降17.95 mg/g,蛋白质水解度提升14.23%,脂肪酸释放量下降29.73 μmol/g。综合上述研究结果,发芽1 d的裸燕麦是一款具有低升糖、低脂肪消化和高蛋白利用的营养产品,本研究为裸燕麦提质增效开发与研究提供了新思路。     

棕色彩棉子叶衰老过程中叶绿素含量与酶活性的研究

以棕色彩棉为材料,对子叶衰老过程中的叶绿素可溶性蛋白含量、干物重,3种保护酶( 超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶) 活性,以及丙二醛含量的变化进行研究.发现子叶在出土后19 d开始衰老;叶绿素含量变化在很大程度上SOD和CAT活性变化存在正相关,与MDA的含量变化负相关,但与POD活性变化不存在相关性.     

克得利亚百合种子萌发及鳞茎生长的研究

研究了光照和温度对克得利亚百合种子萌发的影响,同时探讨了糖浓度对实生小鳞茎增大的影响.结果表明:预冷或热处理对种子萌发有促进作用,可缩短种子萌发时间.光对种子的萌发影响很大,24h光照有利于种子萌发,可提高种子萌发率和萌发速度;而避光则抑制种子萌发.种子适宜的萌发温度为25℃.糖浓度对实生小鳞茎的增大有重要作用,较高糖浓度的基质中小鳞茎生长较大,且糖浓度为6%的培养基最适合实生小鳞茎的增大.