合成甲醇铜基催化剂上助催剂与铜原子相互作用对CO活化效应的量子化学

应用电荷自洽离散变分X_近似计算方法,对周期表ⅣA～ⅧA族中各选一个过渡金属助催剂离子M~(n+)(=V~(3+),Ti~(3+),Fe~(3+),Mn~(2+),Mo~(4+))与合成甲醇铜基催化剂铜相互作用的本质及其对CO活化的效应进行量子化学研究,计算结果表明:以碳端基吸附在提出的含助催剂的铜基催化活性原子簇中心结构模型Cu_4MO的~1Cu上CO_得到助催剂M~(n+)的协合吸附,进一步减少了CO的键级;助催剂与催化剂铜间轨道的相互作用,影响铜的价态,增加金属d电子的反馈,改变吸附CO的态密度,从而促进CO的活化,文中还对比了不同助催剂,对CO的活化效应。     

合成气制乙醇铑催化剂中助剂的作用

促进型铑催化剂上,测定CO吸附的IR光谱和铑的分散度,结果表明:线吸附CO的谱带基本不变,桥CO谱带红移且变宽。变化顺序为Rh-Mn>Rb-Mn-Fe-Li>Rh-Fe>Rh-Li>Rh。该变化归因于助剂对吸附CO氧端络合而形成的η~2-CO物种,并可作为活性中心亲氧能力强弱的相对尺度,Rh·Mn/SiO_2上,测量CO/H_2的IR光谱,发现了归属于甲酰基的谱带;说明甲酰基是反应中间物,并测定各催化剂活性和选择性,基于这些结果和蔡启瑞等曾提出的氢助解离乙烯酮机理,能较合理地探讨了助剂的协合催化作用,本研究再次为上述机理提供另一重要实验证据。     

稀土金属助催的甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢催化剂的研究

制备稀土金属离子助催的铜锌基醇水蒸汽重整催化剂并分别比较了铜锌和两种以稀土Ce^3 ,Zr^4 为助催剂的铜锌催化剂上甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的催化性能：在220℃反应条件下，Cu-ZnO,Cu-ZnO-Ce2O3和Cu-ZnO-ZrO2的甲醇转化率分别为28.1%、37.3%和51.6%，后两个催化剂的氢选择性高达100％，CO的选择性为0。Cu-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂经60h的运转后，催化剂的性能不变，触氧实验表明该催化剂能满足甲醇燃料电池电动车启动温度低、CO2选择性高的要求。     

Rh-ZSM-5分子筛吸附CO、H_2O和O_2的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合簇模型方法研究了小分子CO、H_2O和O_2在Rh交换的ZSM-5分子筛(Rh-ZSM-5)上的吸附.理论计算结果表明:H_2O和O_2或CO可共吸附在Rh~+上形成四配位铑配合物,其中Rh仅与ZSM-5表面的一个桥氧配位;在H_2O和O_2共存时,最稳定的表面吸附物种为Rh(H_2O)_2(O_2),含一个超氧离子;引入具有强配位能力的CO后,最稳定的表面吸附物种为Rh(CO)_2(H_2O),阻碍了O_2的化学吸附.这暗示此前人们认为在CH_4/CO/H_2O/O_2/Rh-ZSM-5混合体系中通过O_2的化学吸附活化甲烷的机理还有待进一步商榷.     

油脂氢化催化剂的组成、结构及活性相的形成机理

在Ni/SiO_2传统催化剂的基础上,添加少量助催剂,显著改善了油脂氢化活性和抗毒能力。根据油脂大分子的结构特征和选择氢化的要求,研究了催化剂的化学组成和微观结构。阐述了催化剂活性相的形成机理,讨论了选择氢化的反应机理。     

由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮铜基催化剂的研究

用连续流动微型反应一色谱装置评价由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮（ＭＶＫ）铜基催化剂。研究了载体、助催剂、反应温度及时间对催化性能的影响。结果表明，以ＳｉＯ２为载体并添加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和ＫＯＨ助催剂，ＭＶＫ选择性大大提高，催化性能也较稳定。用ＸＰＳ分析催化剂表面发现铜的化学状态是Ｃｕ＋，认为Ｃｕ２Ｏ是催化剂活性相组份并使甲醇脱氢为甲醛，后者是生成ＭＶＫ的关键中间物。     

Rh1-ZSM-5分子筛催化乙烷选择性氧化反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对单核铑负载的沸石催化剂(Rh₁-ZSM-5)上铑活性氧(Rh-oxo)物种与CO和H₂O的吸附行为及其催化的乙烷氧化反应进行理论研究.结果表明:CO和H₂O可共吸附在Rh-oxo物种形成四配位铑配合物Rh(O)(CO)(H₂O);与Rh-oxo物种催化甲烷氧化不同,在乙烷的选择性氧化反应中,羰基化产物丙酸的生成在热力学和动力学上均是不利的,反应产物是以乙醇为主的C₂氧化产物.     

乙醇水溶液光催化脱氢的助催效应及其机理

研究了乙醇水溶液光催化脱氢中Ａｇ对Ｐｔ／ＣｄＳ的助催效应，最佳匹配量和制备顺序为Ｐｔ（３％）／Ａｇ（１％）／ＣｄＳ．应用脱附法，ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ等实验方法研究了助催机理。结果表明：Ａｇ的助催作用包括化学效应－Ａｇ的ｓ，ｄ电子向Ｐｔ对Ｈ２的脱附能，有利于产氢，及Ａｇ的中介传递光生电子促进光生电子空穴对的分离；物理效应－Ａｇ对Ｐｔ的集团分散作用减小了热处理时Ｐｔ的烧结降活，前者化学效应可能是主要的。     

用动态过滤法研究填料在纤维上的吸附特性

采用动态过滤分析技术测定高岭土填料在纤维上的吸附特性,并研究了细小纤维含量、浆料温度、剪切力、助留剂、混合时间和浆料pH对高岭土在纤维上吸附的影响。结果表明:动态过滤分析法可以正确地评价填料在纤维上的吸附特性;吸附是填料助留的重要机理之一;纤维的比表面积对填料在纤维上的吸附率有很大的影响;助留剂的使用及其添加顺序明显影响填料的吸附率。此外,温度和搅拌速度对填料在纤维上的吸附也有一定影响。     

MTPP—CeOx—SiO2催化分解NO的研究

用密闭循环反应系统研究 MTPP-CeO_x-SiO_z(M=Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)催化分解No的性能。催化活性顺序是 NiTPP≈CoTPP>CuTPP。用原位 DRFTIRS 及 XPS 揭示了 MTPP-CeOx 催化分解NO经历了 NO 在中心金属上吸附活化的状态——M~* TPP(NO~*)。CeO_x 助催剂的电子给于性对改善 MTPP的催化活性起着关键作用。提出M~*TPP(NO~*)与气态或吸附在卟啉环上的NO分子形成二聚体中间过渡态的设想。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with