武夷山自然保护区天蛾科属种检索表暨福建新纪录种名录(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

通过检查2002年至2009年期间采自福建武夷山自然保护区的天蛾科昆虫标本共2000多号,鉴定出保护区内的天蛾科昆虫分别隶属于5亚科、32属、72种和亚种,其中9个种和亚种为福建省首次报道.本文分别编制了武夷山自然保护区天蛾科昆虫的分属种检索表和福建新纪录种名录,为进一步研究此类昆虫提供基础资料.     

山西天蛾昆虫及区系分析

文章纪录了山西省天蛾科昆虫共５４种和亚种，分隶于２６个属，其中有省内新纪录３种。区系分析表明，山西省天蛾科昆虫在世界动物地理区系中可分为９个分布类型，其中以古北、东洋两界共有种类居多，占到４０．３８％，其次是古北界种类，占３６．５４％；在中国动物地理区系中可分为２０个类型，并集中分布于东北、华北、蒙新复合区内，计９种，占１７．３１％。文末对山西省境内的天蛾科昆虫的区划进行了详细的讨论     

寿宁县天蛾科昆虫种类调查及福建省两新记录种记述

通过调查,报道福建省寿宁县天蛾科(Sphingidae)昆虫24种,隶属4亚科18属;其中2种为福建省新纪录种,天蛾亚科(Sphinginae)的霉斑天蛾[Smerinthulus perversa(Rothschild)]和目天蛾亚科(Smerinthinae)的黄山鹰翅天蛾(Ambulyx sericeipennis Butler)。整理了寿宁县天蛾科昆虫种类名录,并附相关形态特征照片。     

北京地区天蛾的种类,寄主植物及防治

通过对北京地区天蛾的种类、数量及寄主植物的调查，首次报道北京地区共有天蛾２４属３８种及亚种，并且首次报道了川锯翅天蛾等种类在北京地区的分布，经调查，北京地区天蛾的寄主植物有２７科，通过食性分析发现多食性种类占大多数，还对天蛾的生物防治方法进行了介绍。     

夹竹桃天蛾

<正>10月的一个夜晚,两只天蛾尾部相接地悬在一根树枝上随风轻摆,它们是一雌一雄,正在交尾。摄影者开启闪光灯、轻按快门,定格下这惊艳一刻。这是夹竹桃天蛾,又名粉绿白腰天蛾、鹰纹天蛾,属于鳞翅目天蛾科。它是一种中大型蛾类,成虫体长50～53毫米,翅展90～110毫米;全身翠绿色,前翅花纹复杂,基部有眼状斑纹,内含一黑褐色小斑点,与茜草白腰天蛾十分相似,但是前翅中线呈浅粉红色,而后者的翅面为暗绿色;幼虫青绿色,头部后方有眼状斑纹,受到惊吓     

山丹县沙棘白眉天蛾发生现状及防治措施初探

山丹县自2002年以来,累计完成退耕还林23940hm^2,其中沙棘面积达21333．3hm^2。由于调运苗木时未严格检疫,2010年在县境内发现沙棘白眉天蛾疫情,且危害呈逐年上升趋势,对沙棘林木正常生长带来了一定威胁。本文通过对伞县沙棘白眉天蛾危害状况、生物学特性和防控工作开展情况进行分析的基础上,结合实际,提出了沙...     

贵州天蛾科(Sphingidae)昆虫的初步名录

天蛾科是鳞翅目中比较重要的科之一,世界上巳知有180属1000余种。我国已记载的种类有130余种。近年来,笔者对贵州的天蛾进行了初步调查、分类和鉴定,共得5亚科24属34种。现按亚科和拉丁文学名的顺序整理于下: 一、面形天蛾亚科 Acherontiinae 1.鬼脸天蛾 Acherontia lachesis (Fabricius)     

梨六点天蛾形态生物学特性

梨六点天蛾（Matumbagaschkewitschicomplacens）是苹果、梨、枣等果树的常见害虫,本研究观察了该虫的形态特征和生活习性。结果表明,雌成虫有长翅型和短翅型,虹吸式口器,长3—7toni。幼虫有黄斜线绿色型、黄斜线淡蓝绿色型、黄斜线黄色型、黄斜线镶嵌型、黄斜线圆斑型等5种类型。在河北冀东地区每年发...     

甘薯天蛾幼虫和蛹的饲料营养评价

甘薯天蛾个体大,容易饲养产量高,取食甘薯叶片,寄主广。营养价值高:幼虫和蛹的必需氨基酸含量都在50％以上,必需氨基酸指数比鱼粉和其他昆虫高一倍以上;某些不饱和脂肪酸含量特高;同时具有丰富的矿物质,有很好的开发前途。     

蜂鸟与雀天蛾

本刊去年第一期上发表了《我与蜂鸟奇遇记》一文,其中援引中央电视台(1995年)10月5日的报导,说是在我国黄山发现了蜂鸟,作者也称自己见到了这种鸟。杂志出版以后,引起读者较强烈的反映。一些读者来信指出,中国并不存在蜂鸟(这以第三期《大自然》高金凤先生《这是不是蜂鸟?》为代表);但也有读者说,的确见到了一种在花丛中会向前、向后飞翔,并能停在空中用长长的管状口器吸食花蜜,类似蜂鸟的动物。现在我们将有代表性的一封来信刊登于下,并请北京自然博物馆动物研究室刘思孔研究员写了一篇文章进行说明,希望以此结束这场争论,证明一些读者所见到的类似蜂鸟的动物,实际上是一种昆虫,它们就是雀天蛾,而中国的确不存在蜂鸟。读者周开保来信全文如下:     

New fossil elaterids （Insect： Coleoptera： Polyphaga： Elateridae） from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new genus with a new species of fossil elaterid, Paraprotagrypnus superbus gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village (N41°18.979′, E119°14.318′), Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China is described and illustrated. The genus Paraprotagrypnus belongs to the family of Elateridae, subfamily of Protagrypninae and tribe of Protagrypnini. Some primitive characters of the new genus and new species shed light on the ages between the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia and the Yixian Formation in the western Liaoning Province of China. The habitat of the new species is briefly discussed.     

Investisations into the perplexing interrelationship of the Genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes,Tetraodontidae）

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae） remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this genus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that （1） the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; （2） the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the moecular data; and （3） there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our results also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.     

Asian origin for Polystichum （Dryopteridaceae） based on rbcL sequences

Chloroplast rbcL sequences of 60 species of Polystichum sensu lato (s.l.), including 23 new sequences from southwest China, were used to assess the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. On the basis of estimated evolution rate of rbcL gene and the genetic distance data that passed relative-rate tests, we further estimated the divergence times between some clades of the genus. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using the neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods, both methods producing trees with completely congruent topology. These trees reveal that all species of Polystichum s.l. in this study (including Cyrtomium and Cyrtomidictyum) form a monophyletic group. The basal split in Polystichum s.l. separates a clade with all Asian members from a clade containing other species from all over the world. The phylogenetic and divergence time estimation results lead us to suggest that Polystichum s.l. originated in Asia in the late Late Cretacous (≈76 Ma) and migrated into other places in the world in early Eocene(≈46 Ma).     

Phylogenetic investigation on five genera of tintinnid ciliates （Ciliophora, Choreotrichia）, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

The phylogenetic relationship among tintinnid ciliates are relatively poorly studied based on molecular data. In the present work, seven species belonging to five genera of the order Tintinnida (Amphorellopsis acuta, Codonellopsis nipponica, Favella taraikaensis, Stenosemella nivalis, Tintinnopsis beroidea, Tintinnopsis cylindrica and Tintinnopsis lohmanni) were analyzed using the information on their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and least-squares (LS) methods. Generally, similar topologies were revealed with high or moderate supports, in which the main results show that (1) all tintinnids analyzed belong to a single assemblage; (2) congeners in Tintinnopsis do not cluster together, which indicates that the lorica-based definition for this genus is not consistent with the SSU rRNA phylogeny; (3) A. acuta groups with Tintinnidium mucicola but not with Eutintinnus, indicating that the traditional family Tintinnidae might be a paraphyletic group; (4) Stenosemella and Codonellopsis are clearly most related and possibly even merged into one genus regarding their similar morphology and molecular analyses, and possession of a hyaline collar is the only characteristic of the genus.     

Molecular identification and phylosenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle （Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906）, which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis （MNHN 1907.10） and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Morphological evolution from aquatic to terrestrial in the genus Oreolalax （Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae）

A phylogeny of 17 species in the genus Oreolalax is reconstructed based on 21 morphological characters from adult specimens, skeleton specimens, tadpoles and eggs. Four species groups are recognized, of which the O. rugosus species group is the most primitive, the O. weigoldi species group is the second, the O. omeimontis species group is the third and the O. pingii species group is the most recently diversified. Based on the evolutional tendency of the morphological characters on the phylogenetic tree, it is proposed that the evolution of tympanum, tympanic annulus, columella, spoon-like cartilage and the web between toes reflect the habit changes from aquatic to terrestrial. Thus, Oreolalax is regarded as one important representative genus to study further the evolution of morphological characters from aquatic to terrestrial.     

广西铺道蚁属昆虫研究(膜翅目:蚁科)

报道采自广西的铺道蚁属Ｔｅｔｒａｍｏｒｉｕｍ昆虫１０种,其中５种为广西区新记录种,即：茸毛铺道蚁Ｔ．ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍＭａｙｒ、陕西铺道蚁Ｔ．ｓｈｅｎｓｉｅｎｓｅＢｏｌｔｏｎ、史氏铺道蚁Ｔ．ｓｍｉｔｈｉＭａｙｒ、相似铺道蚁Ｔ．ｓｉｍｉｌｉｍｕｍ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ）和克氏铺道蚁Ｔ．ｋｒａｅｐｅｌｉｎｉＦｏｒｅｌ。标本保存于广西师范大学生物系标本室。提供广西该属已知１０种的工蚁分种检索表。     

麻栗坡半蒴苣苔:越南苦苣苔科植物国家级分布新记录

麻栗坡半蒴苣苔Hemiboea malipoensis Y.H. Tan是最近才得以被描述的、原产自中国云南麻栗坡县的苦苣苔科新种,最近在越南北部河江省(Ha Giang Province)的全坝区(Quan Ba District)也发现了该种。该新记录种的凭证标本保存在越南生态与生物资源研究所标本馆(HN)和俄罗斯科马罗夫植物研究所(LE)。本文亦同时提供了本种的详细形态描述、彩色图片、物候、生态学、保育现状等信息和目前越南已知的半蒴苣苔属植物的检索表。     

湖南省苦苣苔科植物物种多样性分析

通过对中国湖南省苦苣苔科植物野外调查以及文献资料整理,从苦苣苔科植物的属种组成、区系成分及地理分布特征等方面,阐述湖南省苦苣苔植物多样性现状。湖南省内共有苦苣苔科植物17属81种(含种下单位,下同),无特有属;特有种23种,占总种数28.40%。省内苦苣苔科植物主要分布于湘西北和湘西南地区。种数排前五的属为广义报春苣苔属(24种)、广义马铃苣苔属(17种)、半蒴苣苔属(9种)、石山苣苔属(6种)、长蒴苣苔属(5种)及吊石苣苔属(5种)。地理成分以热带成分为主。在种的分类水平上,特有成分所含种数32种,占总种数的45.07%,表明湖南省苦苣苔科植物特有性较高。针对苦苣苔科植物分布特性以及湖南苦苣苔科植物多样性现状,本文给出了合理保护与开发利用省内野生资源的建议。     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.