与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

The subducted component in island arc lavas: constraints from Be isotopes and B-Be systematics

Although high concentrations of beryllium-10 and boron are taken as unequivocal indicators of the contribution of subducting plates, controversy persists about the processes by which material is transferred from slabs to the sources of arc magmas. Data on (10)Be/Be and B/Be ratios from four arcs suggest that the contribution from the slab is compositionally homogeneous in each arc and that subducted boron is not stored in the sub-arc mantle. The link between subduction and magma-tism at convergent margins seems to be well regulated.     

青海东昆中岩浆弧带侵入岩体中金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

近年来青海东昆仑成矿带发现了新的金成矿类型,金矿体主要赋存于东昆中岩浆弧带中酸性侵入岩体内的构造蚀变破碎带中。为了查明此类金矿床的成因,从矿床形成的地质特征、矿体特征及矿体与构造、岩浆活动的关系等方面进行分析,说明金矿体的容矿围岩为华力西期、印支期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩,北西向和北东向断裂为主要的控矿、容矿构造,成矿流体沿断裂带的裂隙系统中运移至减压部位成矿,在脆性剪切部位形成构造蚀变岩型金矿体。矿体成因属于构造蚀变岩型,具有较大的找矿空间。     

粤东地区中生代金属矿床的成矿机制

在前人大量系统和深入的成矿地质背景和成矿地质地球化学研究的基础上,根据粤东地区锡、钨、铜、银、金多金属矿床(点)区域成矿作用特征,着重探讨了在中生代花岗质火山-侵入杂岩岩浆作用的背景下,成矿元素的富集过程及成矿物质的迁移、沉淀机制.研究认为,成矿物质的富集经历了地壳岩石的选择性部分熔融、花岗质岩浆分异、流体-熔体分馏和流体与流经岩石相互反应(水-岩作用)4个阶段.由于作为热源的岩浆熔体的存在及不同成因断裂裂隙构造的产生,富含成矿元素的岩浆热液流体上升,并与深循环的大气降水热液混合,形成热液对流体系.在长期的热液对流循环中,随着构造脉动和物理化学条件的改变,沉淀出不同阶段的矿石,并在不同的构造部位和围岩中形成不同类型的矿床.     

福建上杭拉分盆地与紫金山铜金矿床成矿关系

上杭盆地是形成于中生代期间的陆相走滑拉分盆地上杭拉分盆地的形成与演化与紫金山金铜矿床的控矿断裂和铜金矿化的形成密切相关,盆地边界主断裂和控矿断裂均经历了挤压一拉张一挤压的构造过程紫金山金铜矿床的成矿物质、成矿流体的物质来源与上杭盆地早白垩世火山岩相同,具有壳幔混熔特征     

阿拉善地区华北板块北部陆缘区成矿作用的研究

本文从构造环境与成矿作用关系的角度，论述了研究区不同构造单元的成矿特征。宗乃山－沙拉扎山岛弧区有利于寻找热液型、矽卡岩型的铁、铜矿床和多金属矿床；查干础鲁－霍尔森边缘海蛇绿混杂带是寻找铬铁矿的有利地带；雅布赖－巴音诺尔公大陆弧区的成矿作用比较复杂，随着构造的演化有铜、镍－铜、铁－钨、锡和萤石等矿化的演变过程。与边缘海洋壳俯冲有关的那仁哈拉韧性剪切带很可能形成原生金矿。     

Making continental crust: The sanukitoid connection

The average continental crust possesses intermediate compositions that typify arc magmatism and as a result it is believed to have been created at ancient convergent plate boundaries. One possible mechanism for intermediate continental crust formation is the direct production of andesitic melts in the upper mantle. Sanukitoids, which characterize the Setouchi volcanic belt, SW Japan, include unusually high-Mg andesites （HMA）. They were generated by slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle interactions under unusual tectonic settings such as where warm lithosphere subducts into hot upper mantle. Such conditions would have existed in the Archean. Hydrous HMA magmas are likely to have solidified within the crust to form HMA plutons, which were then remelted to produce differentiated sanukitoids. At present, generation and differentiation of HMA magmas may be taking place in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench system （IBM）, because （1） HMA magmatism characterizes the initial stages of the IBM evolution and （2） the IBM middle crust exhibits Vp identical to that of the bulk conti- nental crust. Vp estimates for plutonic rocks with HMA compositions support this. However tonalitic composition for middle-crust-forming rocks cannot be ruled out, suggesting an alternative possibility that the continental crust has been created by differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas.     

沂沭断裂带中段及西侧金矿成矿类型及成矿作用

探讨沂沭断裂带中段及其西侧金矿床的成矿类型及成矿作用,为金矿勘查提供依据。研究区金矿床类型包括岩浆期后热液型和绿岩带型,其中岩浆期后热液型又分为矽卡岩型、隐爆角砾岩型和潜火山热液石英脉型。选取铜井金铜矿床和化马湾金矿床作为岩浆期后热液型和绿岩带型金矿类型的典型代表,从矿床的地质特征、矿体特征及成矿作用等方面进行分析。研究表明岩浆作用是岩浆期后热液型矿床成矿主导因素,控矿构造是其空间展布形式;区域变质作用是绿岩带型金矿成矿的主导因素。该地区寻找与燕山期侵入杂岩体有关的火山热液型金矿床是下一步找矿的重要方向,其中次火山侵入杂岩体分布区、爆破角砾岩筒、断裂构造交汇部位以及化探异常与地质标志相对应地段均是找矿勘查的方向。     

甘孜-理塘断裂带构造演化与金矿的关系

论述了川西甘孜—理塘断裂带构造演化与金矿床成矿作用的关系,总结了区内金矿化的特征和金矿床类型。研究表明,甘孜—理塘断裂带是由韧性剪切带、逆冲断裂带、断陷盆地带、推覆构造带、脆性破碎带和平移走滑带相互叠加、改造而形成的复杂断裂带。其演化历史主要经历了晚三叠世卡尼期－诺利早期的洋壳俯冲、晚三叠世诺利晚期－瑞替期弧－陆碰撞、侏罗－白垩纪陆内会聚和喜马拉雅期断陷、推覆和平移剪切构造发育演化阶段。区内金矿化、金矿床（点）和金矿体的形成和分布,明显受断裂带的控制。金矿的成矿作用与该断裂带构造发展演化密切相关。     

Helium and argon isotope trace in ore-forming fluid of Sawuer gold belt in Xinjiang,China

The helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite have been measured from Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits in Sawuer gold belt, northern Xinjiang. The results show that fluidinclusion ^3He/^4He ratios are 0.64 Ra-4.25 Ra and 1.16 Ra-9.48 Ra, ^40Ar/^36Ar ratios are 282-359 and 312-525 for Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits respectively.The ore-forming fluids of two deposits possessed the same source and derived mainly from mantle beneath the island arc (including oceanic crust and oceanic sediments by subduction of oceanic plate). They were diluted by incorporating meteoric water to form a mixture of mantle- and partial meteoric water-derived fluid. The ore-forming fluids of twodeposits are of the same evolutionary histories. From the early to the late mineralization stages, the ratios of meteoric water/mantle- derived fluid in ore-forming fluid increasedgrad ually. Based on these results and detailed geological and geochemical studies on the two deposits, it is proposed that the geneses of the two gold deposits are the same, being volcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal gold deposits occurring in the same volcanic apparatus.     

党河南山乌里沟中酸性岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及与金矿成矿关系

通过对南祁连山党河南山东段乌里沟金矿区中酸性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄测定及岩石地球化学分析,探讨了岩体形成的构造环境及其与金矿成矿的关系。矿区角闪石闪长岩体侵位年龄为457±6.3 Ma,岩石中各组分的质量分数:SiO2为48.98%~59.16%,Al2O3为14.51%~16.77%,K2O+Na2O为8.24%~9.47%,属准铝质、碱性-过碱性岩系列;DI为58~79,属I型花岗岩类;岩石Cr和Mg#值较低,Na2O和K2O含量接近,表明源岩含有较多的壳源成分;稀土总量中等,轻稀土富集,具弱Eu负异常;相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、K、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti。矿区二长花岗岩属碱性岩系列,比角闪石闪长岩稀土总量低、更加亏损Nb、Ta等,与角闪石闪长岩属同一岩浆源,分异程度比角闪石闪长岩高。两种岩石均具岛弧岩浆岩特征,是中晚奥陶世南祁连俯冲到较浅部位熔融形成。岩体金含量高,目前探明的矿体产于岩体内部及接触带,围岩蚀变强烈,显示岩体为金矿成矿提供物质来源和成矿热液。     

琼西戈枕剪切带金矿同位素地球化学

琼西戈枕剪切带控制的金矿床，产于前寒武系变质岩系中，区域上沿构造带呈北东向展布，从北东南南西有土外山－抱板金矿区，二甲金矿区和不磨金矿区等，构成了海南岛目前最有工业价值的金矿成矿带。对该成矿带典型矿床同位素地球化学的研究，表明其成矿物质主要来自抱板群混合岩系，但有部分深源物质的叠加；成矿流体主要是混合岩化热液和大气降水热液的混合，局部有岩浆热液参与，其深部物质和岩浆热液的叠加受剪切带变形环境和后期岩浆活动的控制；同位素组成在该区域有明显变化规律，并与构造变形，变质作用及其演化特点有关，这对剪切带与金矿成矿，成矿规律和成矿预测有重要意义。     

Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits

Much of global gold production has come from deposits with uneconomic concentrations of base metals, such as copper, lead and zinc. These 'gold-only' deposits are thought to have formed from hot, aqueous fluids rich in carbon dioxide, but only minor significance has been attached to the role of the CO2 in the process of gold transport. This is because chemical bonding between gold ions and CO2 species is not strong, and so it is unlikely that CO2 has a direct role in gold transport. An alternative indirect role for CO2 as a weak acid that buffers pH has also appeared unlikely, because previously inferred pH values for such gold-bearing fluids are variable. Here we show that such calculated pH values are unlikely to record conditions of gold transport, and propose that CO2 may play a critical role during gold transport by buffering the fluid in a pH range where elevated gold concentration can be maintained by complexation with reduced sulphur. Our conclusions, which are supported by geochemical modelling, may provide a platform for new gold exploration methods.     

双旗山金矿床地质特征及深边部成矿预测

双旗山金矿位于福建省中部"金三角"金矿成矿远景区内,是20世纪90年代闽中地区发现规模最大的金矿床.该区有利的成矿、控矿构造脆韧性剪切断裂,中晚元古代大岭组变质岩以及燕山期岩浆活动是金矿成矿的重要因素,通过对矿床成矿地质背景和控矿地质条件的研究,认为矿区深边部具有巨大的找矿潜力,可形成第二找矿空间,并预测了成矿远景地段.     

西昆仑早古生代构造演化及其对塔西南盆地的影响

在板块构造理论基础上，通过区内蛇绿岩、与俯冲有关的岩浆岩及相关沉积等综合研究，对西昆仑早古生代构造演化进行了重建：震旦纪－寒武纪西昆仑从塔里木大陆分裂出去，并在它们之间形成“昆仑洋”；寒武纪－奥陶纪“昆仑洋”洋壳向南俯冲于西仑之下，形成库地俯冲带、库地弧前盆地、西昆仑早古生代火山弧及麻扎－黑卡弧后盆地；志留纪－早泥盆世，“昆仑洋”消失，西昆仑早古生代火山弧与塔里木大陆碰撞，并形成塔里木前陆冲断带和泥盆纪前陆盆地磨拉石及塔里木大陆内泥盆纪的“红层相”     

Mineralizing age of the Rushan lode gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula：SHRIMP U-Pb dating on hydrothermal zircon

Knowledge of the mineralizing timing is fundamen-tal to understand the genesis of mineral deposits, and ex-act time spectrum of mineralization is essential to com-prehending the relationship among the genesis of en-dogenic hydrothermal deposits, regional tectonic-magma-tism event and the geodynamics of mineral deposits. The Jiaodong or eastern Shandong gold province islocated in the southeastern margin of the North Chinacraton, and belongs to the Mesozoic circum-Pacific oro-genic gold system…     

小佟家堡子金矿床微量稀土元素特征

为进一步探讨小佟家堡子金矿床成矿物质来源及印支-燕山期岩浆活动对其成矿作用的影响,对该矿床岩矿石进行微量稀土元素的测试和特征分析.微量稀土元素特征显示,与矿体相比,盖县组片岩、大石桥组大理岩显示出相似的微量元素变化趋势以及稀土配分模式,印支期花岗岩仅在P,Zr,Hf等微量元素上出现较大反差,吕梁期-燕山期岩浆岩体在稀土配分模式上只有Er明显亏损,反映金成矿与地层和岩浆岩关系密切;稀土元素特征显示成矿热液为富Cl^-的还原性流体,成矿物质来源和成矿流体来源具有复杂性,吕梁期和燕山期花岗岩与盖县组片岩和大石桥组大理岩均为该矿体的形成提供了成矿物质,且深部成矿物质也参与成矿,矿床类型为岩浆热液叠加型金矿床.     

Origin of two differentiation trends in the Emeishan flood basalts

Both the Bowen and Fenner differentiation trends have been recognized in the Emeishan flood basalts.While the Longzhoushan laveas in Panxi paleorift evolved on a trend of silica enrichment (Bowen trend),the lavas from Guizhou evoled along the Fenner trend leading to the magmas with high Fe2O3 (23%) and low SiO2(44%) contents,This provides evidence for the existence of Fe-rich and Si-poor magmas in nature ,Such contrasting differentiation trends,marked by different timing of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides,are correlated with the extent of crustal contamination of the magmas ,Linited crustal contamination in the Guizhou lavas is coupled with the low oxygen fugacity which delayed the onset of magnetite crystallization .In contrast,significant involvement of crustal components in the Long-Zhoushan lavas increased fo2 which in turn triggered early crystallization of magnetite.The close spatial association between the Longzhoushan lavs and the synchronous V-Fe-Ti deposit-bearing layered intrusions suggests a potential relationship between them.     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗早古生代乌华敖包弧前盆地的识别及其古地理意义

通过野外观察和剖面测量、锆石年代学分析及沉积相分析等方法, 对新发现的苏尼特左旗乌华敖包地区浅变质岩系进行研究, 并探讨其古地理意义。结果表明, 该套浅变质岩系以变质火山岩、变质砂岩与大理岩互层为特征, 构成 3 个沉积旋回, 代表弧前盆地中?晚期向上变浅的海相火山喷发?沉积环境; 多层火山岩的出现揭示持续的岩浆活动; 火山岩锆石U-Pb定年结果为454.4±4.1 Ma, 与北部早古生代宝力道岛弧带的岩浆岩年龄相近, 表明该套浅变质岩系与早古生代岛弧岩浆活动有关。由于该岩系位于北部宝力道岛弧岩浆岩带与南部混杂岩带之间, 因此其古地理位置应属早古生代弧前盆地。乌华敖包浅变质岩系的层序、成分、时代和位置特征揭示研究区曾存在弧前盆地。根据早古生代地层、岩浆岩和变质特征, 认为弧前盆地经历了俯冲及碰撞两个阶段。     

300-Myr-old magmatic CO2 in natural gas reservoirs of the west Texas Permian basin

Except in regions of recent crustal extension, the dominant origin of carbon dioxide in fluids in sedimentary basins has been assumed to be from crustal organic matter or mineral reactions. Here we show, by contrast, that Rayleigh fractionation caused by partial degassing of a magma body can explain the CO2/3He ratios and delta13C(CO2) values observed in CO2-rich natural gases in the west Texas Val Verde basin and also the mantle 3He/22Ne ratios observed in other basin systems. Regional changes in CO2/3He and CO2/CH4 ratios can be explained if the CO2 input pre-dates methane generation in the basin, which occurred about 280 Myr ago. Uplift to the north of the Val Verde basin between 310 and 280 Myr ago appears to be the only tectonic event with appropriate timing and location to be the source of the magmatic CO2. Our identification of magmatic CO2 in a foreland basin indicates that the origin of CO2 in other mid-continent basin systems should be re-evaluated. Also, the inferred closed-system preservation of natural gas in a trapping structure for approximately 300 Myr is far longer than the residence time predicted by diffusion models.