The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Neurospora crassa is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Here, we report a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome. The approximately 40-megabase genome encodes about 10,000 protein-coding genes--more than twice as many as in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and only about 25% fewer than in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the gene set yields insights into unexpected aspects of Neurospora biology including the identification of genes potentially associated with red light photobiology, genes implicated in secondary metabolism, and important differences in Ca2+ signalling as compared with plants and animals. Neurospora possesses the widest array of genome defence mechanisms known for any eukaryotic organism, including a process unique to fungi called repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). Genome analysis suggests that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related genes.     

Independent transfer of mitochondrial plasmids in Neurospora crassa

In the ascomycete fungus Neurospora, the distribution of homologous mitochondrial plasmid DNAs in different species and among mitochondrial types of N. crassa suggests that these molecules have moved between lineages of clonally propagated mtDNA. Here we report direct evidence for independent inheritance of mitochondrial plasmids by sexual reproduction which may help explain the distribution of these molecules among mitochondrial lineages.     

粗糙脉孢霉瓜氨酸需求型突变株的分离

对粗糙脉孢霉双突变株ａｒｇ－４,ａｒｇ－１３进行了紫外诱变,利用过滤富集法分离了不能利用乌氨酸,能利用瓜氨酸的３个突变株,利用互补针分离的约６０个突变株分成了４个互补群,这可能代表４个独立的基因位点。     

Copper metallothionein, a copper-binding protein from Neurospora crassa

Copper is an essential constituent of many proteins which participate in biologically important reactions. In contrast to iron, where different metal storage and transport proteins have been extensively characterised, the existence of copper proteins serving such functions is still a matter of controversy. Studies on the biosynthesis of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa with respect to the copper status of this fungus have shown that this organism accumulates copper with the concomitant synthesis of a small molecular weight copper-binding protein. This protein is now shown to have a striking sequence homology to the zinc- and cadmium-containing metallothioneins from vertebrates. Growth experiments suggest that this molecule fulfills several important physiological functions in this organism such as copper storage, copper detoxification and provision of copper for tyrosinase.     

粗糙脉孢菌BenR基因在哈茨木霉中的定点转化

以β2-微管蛋白基因为定点整合位点,通过原生质体法将多菌灵抗性基因转化到哈茨木霉中,获得了具有多菌灵抗性的生物防治工程菌株．多菌灵抑制抗性转化子菌丝生长的ECso值达471．26μg／mL,比哈茨木霉原菌株提高1200倍以上;转化子对多菌灵的抗性具有遗传稳定性,且在无选择压力下菌丝生长速度及菌落形态与原菌株无显著差别;抑菌活性检测结果表明,3个转化子对立枯丝核菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,对菌丝生长的抑制率分别为87．5％、86．3％和85％．     

粗糙脉孢菌及其在发酵工业中的应用研究

粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）是一种多细胞丝状真菌,也是一种重要的真核模式生物,它在现代遗传学、生物化学和分子生物学研究领域具有重要的地位。本文介绍了粗糙脉孢菌的生理特性及其分子生物学研究概况,重点阐述了粗糙脉孢菌在发酵工业生产应用中的研究进展。     

产纤维素酶粗糙脉孢菌1602产酶条件优化

通过优化设计,确定纤维素高产菌株Neurosporacrassa1602摇瓶发酵最佳产酶条件为:培养液初始pH值为5.5,培养温度为28℃,摇瓶转速为150rpm,培养96h;300玉米芯粉、0.500麸皮酸水解液(0.6mol/L)能够促进产酶,最适宜的有机氮源为黄豆粉;最适宜的无机氮源为NH4HSO4.在最适发酵条件下,其纤维酶的活力CMCase为10.34IU/ml,FPase为0.71IU/ml.