NiO nanosheet assembles for supercapacitor electrode materials

In this paper, large scale hierarchically assembled Ni O nanosheets have been favorably fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The as-prepared Ni O nanosheet assembles were characterized in detail by various analytical techniques. The results showed these nanosheets present the thickness of about 30 nm and the surface area is 116.9 m~2 g~(-1). These NiO nanosheet assembles were used as the working electrode materials in electrochemical tests, which demonstrated a specific capacitance value of 81.67 Fg ~(-1)at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1)and excellent long cycle-life stability with 78.5% of its discharge specific capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1), revealing the as-synthesized NiO nanosheet assembles might be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.     

超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器是介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的一种新型储能装置。简述了不同电极材料的超级电容器的工作原理,综述了近年来超级电容器电极材料的研究进展以及现状,并探讨了其发展方向和研究重点。     

壳聚糖水解技术对超级电容器电极材料性能的影响

壳聚糖是一类具备天然氮元素的海洋生物质,可作为制备超级电容器的前驱体,但溶解性质限制了其反应均匀性。本研究以壳聚糖为原料,利用自主研发的水解法制备壳寡糖均相溶液,作为前驱体制备超级电容器电极材料。实验采用了三电极体系对该电极材料多性能进行表征,包括循环性能、阻抗、元素分析、SEM、TEM、XRD等,探讨了水解工艺对电极材料综合性能的影响,并且与出发原料壳聚糖进行对比。结果表明：壳寡糖电极材料性能有了明显的提升,在电流密度为0.5 A g-1时比电容高达227.5 F g-1,具有优秀的循环稳定性,1000圈循环后比电容仍未有明显下降,且电极的膜阻抗和电荷转移电阻较小,说明该工艺制备的壳寡糖具有很好的超级电容器方面应用前景。     

四氧化三锰纳米材料的电存储性能研究

本文报道了一种使用氯化锰为锰源制备四氧化三锰纳米材料的方法,并将该材料用作超级电容器电极材料进行电存储性能研究。以St？ber法制备的二氧化硅小球为模板制备四氧化三锰纳米材料,并使用电化学方法对该材料的电容性能进行研究,结果表明该材料具有较好的电容性质。     

Progress in electrode materials for the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries

In recent years, sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have received renewed attention due to the continued rise in lithium prices. SIBs are promising to replace lithium-ion batteries under various application scenarios, such as large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles. As the core of SIBs, electrode materials are the key factor demining the electrochemical performance. Key drawback, including cycle stability, air stability and energy density, are refraining the development of SIB...     

化学氧化法合成超级电容器电极用聚吡咯及其工艺优化

采用化学氧化法合成一种粉末状超级电容器电极用导电高分子材料聚吡咯,通过引入掺杂剂TSA,使合成的PPy的电导率得到有效的提高,电化学电容性能得到改善;研究掺杂剂浓度、单体浓度、氧化剂浓度、聚合时间及反应温度对Py转化率和PPy电导率、比电容等性能的影响.结果表明,TSA用量对Py转化率和PPy的电导率的影响不大,但对PPy比电容的贡献比较明显;PPy的产量随Py用量增加逐步增加,转化率却呈下降趋势,PPy的电导率和比电容随Py用量增加先增加而后下降;Py的转化率随FeCl3浓度增加而规则地升高,PPy的电导率和比电容先基本保持不变,之后反而降低;随着tp的增加,Py的转化率、电导率和比电容有显著的增加;在低温下有利于提高PPy的电导率.     

超级电容器电极材料纳米Fe3O4的制备及其性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4,系统考察了n(Fe3+):n(Fe2+)、反应pH值、熟化温度等对纳米Fe3O4生成的影响,从而确定最佳反应条件.将纳米Fe3O4应用到超级电容器上,研究了其作为电容器电极材料的电化学性能.结果表明:在最佳反应条件下,制备出的纳米Fe3O4的晶体结构完整;经电化学性能测定,Fe3O...     

Understanding electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries via DFT calculations

Rechargeable lithium batteries have achieved a rapid advancement and commercialization in the past decade owing to their high capacity and high power density.Different functional materials have been put forward progressively,and each possesses distinguishing structural features and electrochemical properties.In virtue of density functional theory(DFT) calculations,we can start from a specific structure to get a deep comprehension and accurate prediction of material properties and reaction mechanisms.In this paper,we review the main progresses obtained by DFT calculations in the electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries,aiming at a better understanding of the common electrode materials and gaining insights into the battery performance.The applications of DFT calculations involve in the following points of crystal structure modeling and stability investigations of delithiated and lithiated phases,average lithium intercalation voltage,prediction of charge distributions and band structures,and kinetic studies of lithium ion diffusion processes,which can provide atomic understanding of the capacity,reaction mechanism,rate capacity,and cycling ability.The results obtained from DFT are valuable to reveal the relationship between the structure and the properties,promoting the design of new electrode materials.     

Enhanced electromagnetic absorption in ferrite and tantalum pentoxide based polypyrrole nanocomposite

The electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding properties of polypyrrole/barium ferrite/tantalum pentoxide nanocomposite were studied in the X-band frequency range from 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz. The nanocomposites were chemically synthesized at room temperature and then characterized by various techniques. The dielectric material parameters were calculated based on the experimental scattering parameters using Nicholson–Ross and Weir algorithms. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated that the shielding effectiveness up to 50 dB depended upon the dielectric loss and weight fraction of ferrite and Ta_2O_5 in the polymer matrix.     

Preparation and supercapacitor performance of assembled graphene fiber and foam

Graphene-based materials have been full of vigor and tremendous potentiality for application in supercapacitors due to its variety of unique properties such as electronic properties, simple synthesis, etc. In developing new macroscopic nanostructured graphene materials for supercapacitors, considerable efforts have been made by the scientist including our research group. In this account, we describe our development of the construction of the assembled graphene especially fiber and foam, which have great potential in addressing the challenges in the synthesis of graphene-based electrode materials for supercapacitors. As the supercapacitors are reviewed in this article, they are accordant with the rapid development of flexible, lightweight, and wearable-electronic devices, overcoming the major some drawbacks of conventional bulk supercapacitors. We hope that this summary will benefit the further research of graphene-based materials for the applications in electrochemical energy storage devices and beyond.     

海胆状Bi2S3球的合成及其在光电化学池中的应用（英文）

通过采用一种温和的化学途径成功制备了海胆状Bi2S3微球,合成过程既不用模板也不用添加剂.这些制备的Bi2S3微球显示了单晶的结构,呈现出[001]方向生长的趋势.通过光电化学池测试发现,这种海胆状的Bi2S3微球在可见光(λ≥420 nm)的条件下,显示了很好的光电流响应特性.     

Preparation of 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications in supercapacitors

Three dimensional (3D) graphene-based architectures such as 3D graphene-based hydrogels, aerogels, foams, and sponges have attracted huge attention owing to the combination of the structural interconnectivities and the outstanding properties of graphene which offer these interesting structures with low density, high porosity, large surface area, stable mechanical properties, fast mass and electron transport. They have been extensively studied for a wide range of applications including capacitors, batteries, sensors, catalyst, etc. There are several reviews focusing on the 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications. In this work, we only summarise the latest development on the preparation of 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications in supercapacitors, with emphasis on the preparation strategies.     

Synthesis of the 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide (3D-C@MnO) nanocomposite and its supercapacitor behavior study

A 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide ([email protected]) nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via a thermal plasma deposition method. The chemical bonds and compositions, phase structures, surface morphologies, etc. of as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite were characterized by the various equipment, such as X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopes. The electrochemical performances of the [email protected] nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 780 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 A g^?1 and a capacitance retention rate of 99% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^?1. These excellent capacitive performances may be attributed to the encapsulation of MnO nanoparticles by porous carbon sheets in the [email protected] MnO nanocomposite structure. It is believed that the carbon-encapsulated MnO nanoparticles can be protected from a volume deformation during the charge adsorption/desorption cycle and can be electrically improved by the encapsulated carbon sheets, resulting in better overall capacitive performance. In addition, this study also demonstrates the practical applicability by assembling a supercapacitor using the as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite to glow a light emitting diode.     

Room-temperature facile synthesis of MnO2on carbon film via UV-photolysis for supercapacitor

A facile UV-photolysis method has been developed to synthesize birnessite-type MnO_2 nanosheets on carbon film at room temperature for supercapacitor electrode materials. The results clearly demonstrated that the specific capacitance of carbon/MnO_2 composite electrodes was controlled by the adjustable UV-photolysis reaction time in KMnO_4 solution. For the optimized composite electrode obtained after 2 h reaction, a superior specific capacitance of 277 Fg~(-1) was achieved at current density of 0.2 Ag~(-1). This finding suggests that UV-photolysis is a potential method to fabricate MnO_2 on carbon film for supercapacitor.     

氧化锌纳米线的稳定性和电子性质

运用第一性原理方法研究了四种尺寸的ZnO纳米线的结构稳定性和电子性质.结果表明,纳米线的稳定性随着尺寸的增大而增大.所有ZnS纳米线显示了直接带隙半导体特性.由于量子尺寸效应,纳米线的带隙比纤锌矿体材料的带隙大,并且随着纳米线直径的增大而减小.     

聚吡咯纳米线的合成及形貌表征

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为软模板,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPSA）为掺杂剂,在15℃左右,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,引发吡咯（Py）氧化聚合制备了形貌规整的聚吡咯（PPy）纳米线,其直径约为20～40nm。系统地研究了反应体系中CTAB、AMPSA和吡咯等试剂的浓度对PPy形貌的影响,并初步探讨了PPy纳米线的形成机理。结果表明,试剂浓度的变化对所得PPy形貌影响较小。此研究为制备规整的PPy纳米线开拓了一种快速稳定的方法。     

Cu掺杂ZnS纳米线结构和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统地研究了Cu原子掺杂ZnS纳米线的结构、电子性质和磁性质.所有掺杂纳米线的形成能比纯纳米线的形成能低,说明掺杂过程是放热的.并且Cu原子趋于替代纳米线的表面的Zn原子.电子结构显示Cu掺杂纳米线是半金属铁磁半导体材料,在自旋电子学方面有重要应用.     

Fe掺杂ZnO纳米线电子性质和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统地研究了Fe原子单掺杂和双掺杂ZnO纳米线的电子性质和磁性质.所有掺杂纳米线的形成能都比纯纳米线的形成能低,说明掺杂过程是放热的.计算结果显示Fe原子趋于占据纳米线表面位置.纳米线的总磁矩主要来源于Fe原子3d轨道的贡献.由于杂化,相邻的O原子也产生了少量自旋.在超原胞内,Fe、O原子磁矩平行排列,表明它们之间是铁磁耦合.表面掺杂纳米线显示出半导体特性,而中间掺杂纳米线显示出半金属性,在自旋电子学领域有广泛应用.     

纳米CoOOH颗粒的合成及其作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

以CoSO4·6H2O和NaOH为原料,采用共沉淀法,在一定温度下反应一段时间得到深棕色产物.利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),热分析(TG-DTA),恒流充放电测试等方法对所产物结构,形貌,大小等进行分析表征及电化学性能测试.实验结果表明,产物为分散均匀的200nm CoOOH颗粒,且该材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,首圈放电容量达到2 100mAh·g-1,循环20圈后,放电容量保持800mAh·g-1.此方法合成的纳米尺寸的CoOOH作为锂离子电池负极材料具有较好的电化学性能.     

Facile electrodepositing coral-/urchin-like polyaniline on carbon cloth in salty media as electrode for high-performance flexible supercapacitors

The electrochemical performance of the carbon cloth(CC)-based flexible electrodes is determined by the kind,micro-structure, and morphology of the deposited pseudocapacitive materials. In the present work, the coral-/urchin-like polyaniline(PANI) was designed to boost the electrochemical property of CC, by integrating the microstructure advantages of coral-like and nanowire arrays, via the facile electrochemical polymerization of aniline on the functionalized carbon cloth(FCC) in salty media. Th...