镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率影响因素研究

本文着重讨论了影响镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率的主要因素,研究了镀液中硫酸镍浓度、次亚磷酸钠浓度、pH值、络合剂浓度及络合剂种类与化学镀镀层沉积速率的关系.实验结果表明:镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率除随着硫酸镍浓度、次亚磷酸钠浓度、pH值、络合剂浓度的增大而加快外,还与络合剂种类有密切的关系,但当这些因素取上限值时,沉积速率不再上升,反而会出现下降的趋势.由此可得出优选的镀液配方为:硫酸镍、次亚磷酸钠浓度均为28~35g/L,pH值5.5~6.0,并添加复合络合剂,通过溶液中镍离子的浓度确定络合剂的最佳用量.     

碳钢中温酸性化学镀镍镀液组成优化的研究

化学镀镍镀液主要成分包括主盐硫酸镍,还原剂次亚磷酸钠,络合剂柠檬酸,缓冲剂醋酸钠以及稳定剂。主要探究在中温酸性条件下,镍磷比、络合剂浓度、缓冲剂浓度对化学镀镍沉积速度、镀层孔隙率、磷含量以及表面形貌的影响,以求得到最佳镀液组成及镀层性能。结果表明,在镍磷比为0.38,柠檬酸浓度为15g/L,醋酸钠浓度为15g/L时,沉积速度为9μm/h,孔隙率为50个/mm~2,磷含量为9.73%,镀层表面形貌均匀致密。     

酸性复合化学镀Ni-P-纳米TiO_2的研究

采用酸性复合化学镀工艺在碳钢表面镀镍-磷-纳米二氧化钛合金,以沉积速率、孔隙率、显微硬度、纳米二氧化钛在复合镀液中的分散性为评价指标。在以pH=4.8、施镀时间为1h的基础上,以柠檬酸为主络合剂,醋酸钠-醋酸为缓冲体系,研究了主盐硫酸镍、还原剂次亚磷酸钠、稳定剂A、表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对镀层及镀液的影响。结果表明,确定最优镀液配方为:硫酸镍为28g/L、次亚磷酸钠32g/L、稳定剂A为2.5mg/L、十二烷基苯磺酸钠40mg/L时,复合镀层耐蚀性好、显微硬度高。复合镀层表面平整、纳米TiO_2颗粒分布均匀。     

稀土Ce添加对Ni-P沉积镀层组织及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ｃｅ添加对Ｎｉ－Ｐ沉积镀层表面形貌及耐蚀的影响。试验结果表明,随着稀土元素Ｃｅ添加量的增加,镀层中的宏观孔洞逐渐减少,耐蚀性能逐渐增加,但沉积速度随之降低,对其原因进行了分析。     

AM60镁合金上两种化学镀镍方法及镀层耐蚀性比较

研究了两种在AM60镁合金上化学镀镍的方法,结果表明，在硫酸镍为主盐的溶液中和在碱式碳酸镍为主盐的溶液中，在AM60镁合金表面均可沉积出化学镀镍层．从硫酸镍溶液中沉积出的Ni-P合金镀层与从碱式碳酸镍溶液中沉积的镀层相比，磷含量更高，晶粒更为细小，镀层更均匀致密．动电位极化曲线测试结果表明，两种镀层自腐蚀电位均接近-0．4V（SCE），硫酸镍体系化学镀镍层钝化区间更为明显，耐蚀性能更为优异．     

PVA覆膜对Kevlar纤维表面化学镀Cu层性能的影响

通过聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 覆膜处理的方法提高了Kevlar纤维表面金属镀层稳定性和完整性,从而提升了镀层的抗剥落能力.采用弯折剥离实验考察了镀层的抗剥落破坏情况、采用电阻仪和电子万能试验机测试了试样的导电性和力学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了试样的表面形貌和表面化学价态. 结果表明:PVA覆膜能够有效提升金属镀层的抗剥落破坏能力;随着PVA水解浓度的增加,PVA覆膜Cu/Kevlar纤维的表面电阻增加而柔韧性降低;当PVA溶液的水解质量浓度为5 g/L时,PVA覆膜Cu/Kevlar纤维的柔韧性、导电性和抗剥落能力能够维持在最佳状态;在此浓度下,PVA覆膜Cu/Kevlar纤维的表面电阻为0.41 Ω/cm,单丝拉伸强度为2.396 GPa,Weibull分布拟合度为0.988 1.     

柠檬酸钠溶液中镍电结晶机制

采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究柠檬酸钠溶液中镍在玻碳电极上电结晶初期阶段的行为。研究结果表明:镍的电结晶经历了晶核形成过程且符合Scharitker-Hill三维成核/生长机制,在低过电位下,镍结晶按三维连续成核/生长方式进行;在高过电位下,镍结晶遵循瞬时成核/生长机制。沉积过电位增加,成核时间缩短,晶核数密度增大,生长速率增加,在2种成核/生长机制下镍离子的扩散系数分别为(1.63±0.48)×10-7和(1.07±0.09)×10-6cm2/s;柠檬酸钠对镍垂直于基体表面的生长速率有阻碍作用,增大硫酸镍质量浓度对生长速率有一定促进作用,但溶液中柠檬酸钠和硫酸镍质量浓度变化并不改变镍电结晶过程的成核/生长机制。     

Fe—P非晶合金电沉积镀层的制备及其腐蚀性能

本文以电化学方法研制Fe—P非晶合金的电沉积镀层。研究了各种电沉积条件对合金中磷含量的影响。测定了非晶合金的腐蚀性和极化曲线。实验结果指出,在开始阶段合金是活化腐蚀,合金中的磷加快了腐蚀过程,最后磷在表面的富集,使合金进入钝化状态。 对非晶合金电沉积镀层的晶化温度和硬度进行了测定。     

电沉积Zn—Ni—P合金的研究：I.电镀条件对镀层中磷含量…

用分光光度法分析法研究了硫酸镍浓度，镀液温度和阴极电流密度等电镀条件对镀层中磷含量的影响。实验结果表明：当向Ｚｎ－Ｐ合金镀液中引入硫酸镍之后，镀层中磷含量大于１％。在实验范围内，镀层中磷的含量随着镀液中硫酸镍浓度，镀液温度和阴极电流密度的增加耐产加。     

酸性镀液铝合金表面沉积Ni-Mo-P三元合金非晶镀层

采用酸性化学镀液在铝合金表面沉积Ni-Mo-P三元合金非晶镀层。利用透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、能谱(EDS)等现代分析手段,对镀层显微结构进行了表征,探讨了钼酸钠浓度和热处理对镀层纳米压痕硬度的影响。结果表明,镀态下,化学镀Ni-Mo-P三元合金镀层为致密非晶态镀层,镀层中Mo元素分布均匀,镀层与基体结合良好。热处理可促使非晶镀层晶化,产生Ni和Ni3P晶相,获得了纳米压痕硬度为15.12 GPa的最大值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with