龙羊峡附近超固结粘土大型滑坡的形成机制及高速远滑的原因

本文研究了龙羊峡附近黄河右岸超固结粘土中一个巨型滑坡群的地质背景、发育特征和形成机制,对滑动面的发展贯通过程给予了关注,指出滑动面是由坡脚附近的顺层滑移、坡顶沿陡倾节理拉裂和滑体中部最后剪断而产生的,累进性破坏在这个过程中起了重要作用。根据地质调查资料和相关分析,提出了斜坡失稳的临界拉裂面深度和临滑前兆及其在监测预报中的意义。最后还简要讨论了滑坡高速远滑的原因。     

白龙江干流典型滑移-倾倒型滑坡的特征及形成机制

探讨中陡倾角顺层岩质斜坡发生倾倒变形的特征、发育条件及形成机制。白龙江干流受区域构造环境条件的影响,纵向河谷发育,河谷两岸志留系白龙江群的砂质板岩、千枚岩等较发育,尤其在甘肃的舟曲、武都一带以软质、薄层状的绢英、碳质千枚岩为主。这些干流段岸坡稳定性较差,尤其是顺层岸坡段滑坡较发育,且多以滑移-弯曲(溃曲)、滑移-拉裂模式为特征。通过对白龙江干流水泊峡水电站的Ⅶ#滑坡、碧口水电站库区的青崖岭滑坡与孟家干沟滑坡的现场调查、分析,揭示了在陡顺倾层状岩质斜坡中还发育一种特殊的倾倒变形破坏模式,即滑移-倾倒模式。该类变形多发育在临空条件好、坡度40°以上由软硬相间或软硬互层状、岩层倾角一般在65°以上的高陡层状岩质斜坡中,是在斜坡应力场或遭受水、地震等作用下,坡脚首先发生初始倾倒变形,同时上部岩体发生滑移-倾倒,最终岩层发生连续弯曲变形、根部折断,折断面贯通而形成滑坡。     

黄土滑坡类型及变形破坏机制

中国西北黄土高原地区滑坡灾害十分发育,按滑体岩土组成和滑面发育位置,黄土地区的滑坡可划分为黄土层内滑坡、黄土接触面滑坡、黄土-泥岩顺层滑坡、黄土-泥岩切层滑坡四种基本类型。在此基础上。本文对四类黄土滑坡的变形破坏机制进行了系统研究,主要包括滑移-拉裂型、滑移-压致-拉裂型、滑移—拉裂-剪断型三类,归纳总结了不同黄土滑坡对应的变形破坏机制。这些基本规律对黄土滑坡研究和防治、滑坡灾害预测有-定指导意义和实用价值。     

贵州遵义官井边坡变形破坏机制分析

基于对贵州省遵义市官井边坡工程地质条件、边坡基本特征及边坡变形破坏特征分析,可知官井边坡是在自身不利的条件下,由于斜坡Ⅳ段坡脚开挖到878 m,4#楼内侧边坡坡脚处揭露泥岩夹层导致边坡沿泥化夹层发生滑移变形。据此建立了官井边坡变形演化机制的概念模型,结合三维数值模拟方法研究了边坡变形破坏机制,将边坡变形演化过程划分为3个阶段:岩层顺层滑移、坡脚应力相对集中阶段;边坡开挖过程中卸荷回弹变形阶段;边坡深切,坡体中顺层"压力拱"形成阶段。     

贵州发耳煤矿尖山营滑坡特征及成因机制

高陡边坡地形条件进行煤层开采,极易引发地质灾害问题,给地质环境造成很大的破坏。以贵州发耳煤矿三采区的尖山营边坡为研究对象,查明了采空区分布情况及斜坡裂缝体系发育规律,结合该矿区地形地貌特征,分析该滑坡特征及影响因素,总结开采沉陷诱发山体滑坡的成因机制。结果表明:煤层开采后,上覆岩层发生应力重分布,采空区边界形成拉应力集中区;上覆岩层产生以沉降为主的弯曲变形,而在坡肩和坡脚部位产生较明显水平向外位移;变形过程中先在采空区后边界部位产生裂缝,回采煤柱后,裂缝贯通,形成潜在滑面,该滑坡变形机制为塌落沉陷-拉裂-蠕滑。     

贵州省印江县岩口堰塞湖形成机制研究

印江岩口堰塞湖是岩口滑坡地质灾害发生后形成的,通过对岩口堰塞湖的形成地质条件的分析,了解其形成影响因素以及形成机制认为:印江县岩口堰塞湖所处峡谷两岸碳酸盐岩形成高陡凌空的陡壁,由上硬下软的岩性组合与斜穿峡谷的斜向结构面(断层面)的不利组合,以及堰塞湖坝址原左岸坡脚砂石采场对坡脚的破坏是形成印江岩口滑坡而堵塞印江河形成堰塞湖的主要原因。堰塞湖的形成机制可以概括为:高陡斜坡坡体变形—滑坡启动沿断层面滑动—滑坡堆积体阻断印江河—河流水位快速上升—堰塞湖形成。     

木崖公园滑坡形成机制研究

木崖公园滑坡滑体主要为粉质黏土,滑床和滑带分别由强风化泥岩与含角砾粉质黏土构成,系典型蜀南红层残坡积类滑坡。研究表明:地形、地貌、地层岩性是滑坡形成的物质基础。雨水入渗导致岩体物理力学性能弱化。斜坡经历蠕变—拉裂—剪断变形阶段之后,最终形成滑坡。     

溪洛渡库区河口滑坡变形特征和形成机制

溪洛渡库区河口滑坡位于金沙江下游溪洛渡水电站东南岸坡上,永善县城至大兴集镇、莲峰镇公路横穿滑坡。滑坡一旦失稳将切断两个镇的生命线,甚至对库区形成危害。论文在现场地质测绘、勘察和数值模拟的基础上,对河口滑坡的变形特征和形成机制进行了研究。研究表明:河口滑坡是一个大型深层岩质滑坡;变形特征上可分为强变形区、弱变形区和松弛区;破坏模式上可分为前缘倾倒破坏模式和中后部滑移破坏模式;滑坡整体变形模式为倾倒-滑移-拉裂-剪断模式。滑坡主要影响因素有库水作用、地质构造、卸荷作用;河口滑坡若继续在库水作用和卸荷作用的影响下将继续变形。     

宝兰客运专线洪亮营隧道滑坡成因机制探讨

根据现场调查和资料分析,认为洪亮营隧道滑坡属铁路隧道施工引发的工程滑坡,滑坡总方量约1.82×10~5 m~3,滑坡类型为黄土错落性滑坡,结合其形态和微地貌特征,可将滑坡从平面上划分为滑壁变形区、牵引滑体、主滑体、右侧次滑体和左侧次滑体5个区域.洪亮营隧道斜坡属自然形成的黄土斜坡,研究认为人类工程对斜坡的开挖扰动和路基施工中强夯形成的循环荷载是滑坡的主要引发因素.对滑坡的形成机理和过程可概括为4个阶段:开挖应力调整阶段、蠕滑剪切和拉裂阶段、锁固剪断和错落阶段、侧向分离扩展阶段,滑坡形成了垂直运动距离大于水平运动距离的错落性滑动,破坏了隧洞并封闭了洞口.采用有限元法对滑坡的变形进行了模拟,结果很好地反映了滑坡体内的变形场、应力场及破坏区分布,这样有助于更加客观、全面地对滑坡稳定性进行评判.     

阆中市陈家岩滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

陈家岩滑坡是滑坡堆积体沿基覆界面滑动的小型土质滑坡,其破坏模式为蠕滑—拉裂型。前缘修筑公路开挖坡脚形成临空面,在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡后缘首先发生下错,局部表层滑塌,致使前部推移,进村公路半幅塌陷,严重威胁坡脚居民以及进村公路上过往行人及车辆的生命财产安全。根据已有变形破坏特征,对该滑坡的成因机制及稳定性进行了分析,并据此提出"挡土墙+裂缝夯填"的治理措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has