脱硫石膏与微生物菌剂联合施用对盐碱化土壤特性的影响

中国西北干旱区有大面积的盐碱化耕地.为了寻找这些盐碱贫瘠土地的改良方法,本文通过室内灌溉淋洗试验分析了脱硫石膏与微生物菌剂联合施用对土壤盐碱化指标(p H值、EC和ESP)、土壤肥力指标(有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)的影响.试验共设计8个处理,包括单独施加脱硫石膏、单独施加微生物菌剂、联合施加脱硫石膏和微生物菌剂以及对照4种方案.结果表明:脱硫石膏和微生物菌剂都具有降低土壤p H值、EC和ESP,提高有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的作用;脱硫石膏和微生物菌剂联合施用对改良盐碱化土壤的效果更明显,在改良盐碱化程度相对较低的耕地土壤具有一定的可行性.随着脱硫石膏用量的增加,土壤的碱化程度降低,但土壤盐化程度增加,应合理调控脱硫石膏用量.微生物菌剂与脱硫石膏相比更具有提升土壤肥力的作用.本研究可为西北干旱区盐碱化耕地土壤改良提供一定的参考.     

苹果园白三叶草栽培的效果研究

在苹果园种植白三叶草进行试验研究。结果表明，白三叶草不仅能有效抑制杂草生长、改良土壤结构、调节水分，而且能够显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，有利于苹果产量和质量的提高。     

从全球变化科学到可持续性科学：探索可持续性转变

土壤肥力质最变异研究可以为精准农业的土壤养分管理提供依据.利用GIS技术研究醴陵市耕地土壤肥力的空间变异特征和时间稳定性变异特征,得出如卜结论:土壤碱解氮的块金值最大;土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的拟合理论模型均为指数模型;土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的基底效应均在25%～75%之间;土壤pH降低,碱解氮,有效磷和速效钾的含最均提高,其中pH下降的速度和有效磷提升的速度最快;土壤pH值在时间变异稳定性研究中属于中等稳定的MⅠ级,土壤碱解氮属于中等稳定的MⅢ级,土壤速效钾和速效磷属于不稳定的UⅢ级.     

宁德市漳湾镇水稻土壤营养成分分析

对宁德市漳湾镇12个水稻土壤的pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾营养成分进行了测定.结果表明,土壤为酸性,有机质含量较为丰富,碱解氮和有效磷含量属于中等水平,速效钾含量严重缺乏.根据土壤养分的现状提出了相关建议,为农民合理施用农肥种植作物提供科学依据.     

施用保水材料对酸枣种子萌发及枣田土壤理化性质的影响

本研究以酸枣为研究对象,通过盆栽和田间试验相结合,研究了施用自制保水材料聚丙烯酰胺调理剂、腐植酸调理剂、腐植酸-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料和腐植酸-聚丙烯酸钾复合材料,对酸枣种子萌发及枣田0-60 cm土层土壤理化性质的影响。结果显示:(1)施用保水材料可以显著提高酸枣种子出苗率和相对发芽指数,其中,在腐植酸-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料处理下酸枣种子出苗率较CK增加55%以上;(2)施用保水材料均可以提高0-60 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,其中腐植酸-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料处理效果最佳;相比CK,腐植酸-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料处理使0-60 cm土层土壤碱解氮平均增加55.86%,速效磷平均增加31.11%,速效钾含量平均增加26.49%;(3)施用保水材料可以减小土壤p H值,促进植株茎长和根长的生长。结论:本研究发现,施用复合材料腐植酸-聚丙烯酰胺对枣田土壤理化性质的改善效果最佳。     

基于GIS和地统计学的烟田土壤养分空间变异特征研究

基于GIS和GPS定位技术,结合网格取样,用地统计学方法研究了褐土烟区土壤养分(有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)的空间变异规律,并绘制了养分空间分布图.结果表明:土壤养分在整个研究区内均表现出中等变异水平,其变异性大小表现为:速效磷有机质碱解氮速效钾.除有机质外,其它元素都表现出较强的空间结构性,土壤有机质的空间相关距最大,达447m,碱解氮的自相关距最小,仅123m;速效磷和速效钾的相关距分别为337m和345m.基于半方差函数模型,用普通克里格法对研究区土壤养分进行了克里格插值,结果表明:有机质在研究区内普遍缺乏,速效磷、速效钾含量中等,而碱解氮含量在整个研究区分布较复杂,呈零星装分布.     

不同地表条件对盐碱地土壤N、P、K含量的影响

对通辽地区不同地表条件下盐碱地土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量变化进行了研究,其结果表明：有植被覆盖的盐碱地土壤全氮和有效磷含量均高于没有植被覆盖条件下盐碱地土壤的含量,地表覆盖植被的有无对有效钾含量的影响不大;土壤全氮、有效磷含量随着盐碱地土壤深度的增加含量呈现升高的趋势,有效钾的含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势．     

修建后的临汾汾河公园土壤养分评价

以临汾市新建的湿地汾河公园为研究对象,通过对30个样点的园林土壤进行养分分析,以3个农田样点为对照,从有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾四个土壤养分指标分析土壤养分含量状况,对其园林土壤质量作出客观评价.结果表明汾河公园的建造显著降低了汾河沿岸的土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,现有机质和速效钾含量处于B级,属于中等水平,而碱解氮和速效磷含量仍为C级,处于匮乏的状态.人为调控土壤肥力有利于公园植被恢复及生态环境的平衡发展.     

淮北地区生土农田养分平衡与土壤肥力变化的关系

在江苏淮北地区土地平整后形成的生土上,对水稻－小麦－水稻、水稻－油菜－水稻、水稻－绿肥－水稻３种种植模式不同施肥条件下的氮、磷、钾产投比及与土壤肥力进行试验分析,结果表明：随着种植季数的增加,氮、磷的产投比有很大的提高。３季种植后,有机质投入量与土壤有机质净增量,总投氮与土壤全氮、碱解氮、总投磷量与土壤速效磷,总投钾量与速效效钾均呈显著正相关,肥料投入对生土壤肥力演变起决定性作用。     

神农架山地土壤的基本肥力特征

为了解神农架地区土壤的基本肥力特征,在神农架进行为期20多天的野外土壤调查,采集156个土壤样品,并分析测定土壤砾石含量、pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量．结果表明,神农架土壤砾石含量在0～87％之间,砾石含量大于10％的土壤占65．4％．土壤pH在3．8～8．0之间,酸性和强酸性土壤占73．1％,没有强碱性土壤．土壤有机质含量分别在1．9-144．0gkg。之间,有机质丰富的占50％．碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量范围分别为26～766、1．8～115．3和16-399mgkg-1,碱解氮丰富的土壤占67．3％,速效磷丰富的土壤不足20％,而缺乏的却占63％,速效钾丰富和缺乏各占30％左右．相关分析表明,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾相互之间均呈极显著的线性相关,土壤有机质与碱解氮的相关性最高,与速效磷的相关性最低．总之,神农架土壤具有砾质性,以酸性土壤为主,有机质和碱解氮处于丰富水平,速效磷处于缺乏水平,速效钾处于中等水平．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.