两亲性丙烯酸酯聚合物的制备与结构表征

以过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)为自由基引发剂,以MS-1和OP-10为乳化剂,丙烯酸酯单体通过乳液聚合制备了具有两亲性的丙烯酸酯聚合物。讨论了功能单体甲基丙烯酸(MAA)在聚合物粒子上的分布情况。结果表明,当MAA的量占总单体的3%(质量分数,下同)时,水相中的羧基占羧基总量的6.1%,聚合物表面羧基为50.75%。利用红外光谱和马尔文粒度分布仪对制备的丙烯酸酯聚合物进行了表征;通过黏度测定计算出聚合物黏均相对分子质量为2.6×105。     

微交联氟碳丙烯酸酯乳液的制备

以有机氟碳单体、丙烯酸酯等为共聚单体,引入交联剂制备微交联氟碳丙烯酸酯乳液。探讨交联剂、乳化剂、引发剂、氟单体等对乳液的影响。红外光谱分析结果表明氟碳单体已键接到聚合物主链上。在单体中加入交联剂二乙烯基苯(DVB),使用R-A/R-D复配乳化剂,n(R-A)︰n(R-D)=0.5,w(引发剂)=0.4%,w(氟单体)=20%时制备的乳液性能较好,转化率达到98.31%,凝聚物量0.42%,乳胶膜接触角达到77°,吸水率仅为8.89%。     

自交联涂料印花粘合剂的研制

研究了ＨＳ－Ⅰ高温自交联丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂的制备．采用种子乳液聚合工艺，同时对单体及其配比、乳化剂、引发剂、聚合反应的时间和温度进行了研究，找到了最佳单体配比和聚合工艺．该粘合剂储存稳定，成膜无色透明，弹性强，适合纯棉与合成纤维进行辊筒印花、圆网和平网印花．印花织物手感柔软，刷洗牢度３～４级，摩擦牢度４～５级，高温焙烘不泛黄．     

新型粘合剂、增稠剂的印染性能

通过对单体、乳化剂及工艺过程的选择,合成了丙烯酸酯类新型粘合剂PBAMM(Ⅰ)和增稠剂PMAEE(Ⅰ)及增稠剂PMAOE(Ⅱ)。所合成的粘合剂Ⅰ具有优良的配伍性能,且印花织物的牢度、色光、强度、手感等优良。增稠剂Ⅰ及Ⅱ既具有优良的增稠性能又有较强的耐电解质性,应用时少剂量即达要求,且能减少印花浆中的火油耗用量。尤其,当粘合剂Ⅰ与增稠剂Ⅰ或Ⅱ配套使用时,更具优越的加和应用性能。     

无氟水性聚氨酯拒水剂的合成及其在棉织物上的应用

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、三乙胺(TEA)为主要原料合成了双键封端的阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液,聚氨酯与丙烯酸十八酯(SA)发生共聚,制备出无氟水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯拒水乳液,将其应用于棉织物的拒水整理。讨论了R值(IPDI中—NCO与PTMG、DMBA中总的—OH的摩尔比值)、亲水基含量、亲水基加入方式、单体浓度对聚氨酯乳液性能的影响。以静态水接触角反映整理后棉织物的拒水性能,并以傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、PhabrOmeter织物手感评价系统对整理后织物进行表征。结果表明,R值为1.3、亲水基含量为4.5%、单体总质量分数为20%时,得到的聚氨酯乳液具有良好的外观和贮存稳定性,对应制备出的聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯拒水乳液粒径较小、分布较窄,且具有较好的热稳定性。整理后织物的水接触角可达138°,拒水效果良好,同时织物具有柔软的手感。     

乳聚天然胶乳IPN型热塑性弹性体的合成

以天然胶乳为种子乳液 ,苯乙烯 (St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)、丙烯腈 (AN)、丙烯酸异冰片酯 (IBA)等单体或它们的共混物为互穿单体 ,油酸为稳定剂 ,二乙烯苯为交联剂 ,叔丁基过氧化氢 /四乙烯五胺为氧化还原引发体系 ,采用种子乳液聚合法制备出乳胶粒外壳呈硬聚合物梯度分布的复合乳液 ,经絮凝干燥得固体聚合物。考察了互穿单体的种类和用量、交联剂用量及溶胀时间等对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,溶胀时间对聚合物力学性能没有影响 ;交联剂对应硬单体的摩尔分数为 1 0 %时 ,聚合物力学性能最佳 ;硬单体配伍及其用量明显影响互穿聚合物的力学性能 ,其中IBA +St+AN为硬单体组分且质量分数为 2 0 %时 ,材料的力学性能较好 ,其拉伸强度8 7MPa ,撕裂强度 32 6kN/m ,伸长率 30 0 %～ 60 0 %。聚合物可热塑性加工。     

酮肼交联型聚氨酯-氟化聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备

采用单体预乳化的乳液聚合工艺,利用丙烯酸酯单体、有机氟单体、双丙酮丙烯酰胺合成含有活性酮羰基的氟化丙烯酸酯乳液;然后同合成的含有酰肼基的聚氨酯乳液按一定的比例混合制备出酮肼交联型聚氨酯-氟化聚丙烯酸酯(FPUA)复合乳液.通过红外光谱、激光粒径分析、透射电镜、接触角和耐溶剂性、耐水性能检测等方法对FPUA复合乳液及成膜物的组成和结构进行了分析和表征,并对复合乳液的涂料印花性能进行了检测.     

新型丙烯酸酯聚合物的合成及其在棉织物上的应用

从三氯氧磷和N-羟乙基哌嗪出发,经多步反应合成了一种含有磷酰胺基的丙烯酸酯单体,该单体与含氟丙烯酸酯及其他功能性单体经乳液聚合形成了含氟共聚物PA1和不含氟的聚合物PA2.将这两种聚合物应用于棉织物整理,并对整理后的棉织物性能进行了测试.聚合物PA1具有良好的拒水性能和一定的阻燃性能,经其处理后的棉织物表面对水接触角为140°,其极限氧指数(LOI)为23.4%;而经过PA2整理的棉织物具有相对较好的阻燃性能,其LOI值为26.3%.     

互穿网络型涂料印花黏合剂的制备及应用

以交联聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为网络I,聚丙烯酸酯(PA)作为网络II,合成了互穿聚合物网络型(IPNs)乳液.通过探究网络I的催化剂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)质量分数、交联剂正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)质量分数,网络II的引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)质量分数等因素,优化合成工艺,并分析IPNs胶膜的力学性能、微观形态、热失重性能.结果表明,IPNs乳液最佳合成工艺为制备网络I时DBSA质量分数为10%、TEOS质量分数为3%,制备网络II时KPS质量分数为0.3%~0.5%.将IPNs乳液应用于涂料印花,印花织物手感柔软,于低温烘干即具有良好的耐摩擦牢度,无需焙烘.     

疏油/疏水-亲水转换涂层的制备及其转换机理

采用乳液聚合的方法,将溶解性差异较大的两种单体全氟烷基丙烯酸酯(PFAA)和丙烯酸(AA)进行共聚,得到聚(全氟烷基丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸)(P(PFAA-AA)),并用红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析法(TG)对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征和分析.将聚合物乳液整理到棉织物上,发现该聚合物涂层具有疏油/疏水-亲水转换功能.正十六烷在织物上的接触角为122°,水在织物上的接触角在30min内从127°减小到33°.对疏油/疏水-亲水转换机理进行了推测,并利用X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS),通过测试润湿前后织物上涂层不同深度化学元素组成变化,证明转换机理的推测是正确的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with