陶瓷膜分离钛硅分子筛的实验与模型计算

在面向过程的陶瓷膜材料设计理论模型的基础上,以TS-1钛硅分子筛悬浮液固液分离为应用体系,计算了陶瓷膜分离过程的操作条件与渗透性能的关系,与实验结果有良好的一致性.计算表明,对于平均粒径为290 nm的钛硅分子筛体系,陶瓷膜存在最优孔径区间(200～300 am),使膜保持高渗透通量.孔径小于200nm时膜通量随孔径增大而增大,孔径大于300 nm时膜通量随孔径增大而减小;采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜过滤钛硅分子筛,渗透通量随时间的变化关系与模型预测结果一致,稳定通量达到800L/(m2·h).     

膜气吸收法分离烟气中CO2的实验

采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器,分别用去离子水、单乙醇胺(MEA)及N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液作为吸收剂,对模拟烟气中的CO2分离进行了试验研究.考察了气体流速、入口气体中CO2体积分数、吸收剂流速、吸收剂浓度以及吸收剂种类等因素对CO2脱除率和总传质速率的影响.实验结果显示:3种吸收剂分离CO2的效率由大到小依次为MEA、MDEA、去离子水;CO2的脱除率和传质通量随吸收剂浓度、流速的提高均增加;CO2的脱除率随气体流速和CO2在入口气体中体积分数的增大而减小,而传质速率却随之增加.系统长时间运行后发现存在膜孔润湿现象,进而影响膜的传质性能.因此,吸收剂浓度须在传质和长时间运行性能之间进行权衡.     

陶瓷膜处理地表水的工艺

采用混凝沉降与陶瓷膜超滤的组合工艺处理地表水,考察操作模式、膜孔径、膜构型以及膜通量等对膜过滤性能的影响.结果表明:在恒压操作下,终端过滤的操作压差应小于0.075 MPa,对于孔径大于50nm的陶瓷膜而言,膜通量随孔径变化不大;错流过滤的膜通量随孔径增大而增大;错流过滤的渗透通量是终端过滤的1.5 -2.2倍.恒通量操作下,蜂窝陶瓷膜过滤性能优于19通道陶瓷膜,并在恒通量150 L/( m2.h)下稳定运行.混凝沉降-陶瓷膜组合工艺对浊度的去除率大于99%,对吸收254 nm波长紫外线有机物(UV254)的去除率大于47.7%,产品水的部分指标优于GB 5749-2006中的指标.     

酪蛋白的聚集态及其膜分离

采用孔径分别为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜处理碱性酪蛋白水溶液,考察操作条件及pH对过滤通量和截留率的影响,并研究酪蛋白胶束在不同pH下的聚集行为.结果表明:采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜过滤1 g/L的酪蛋白溶液,在pH=13,操作压差0.10 MPa,膜面流速3.0 m/s条件下,可获得膜通量266 L/(m2·h)和酪蛋白截留率71.8％,综合效果好.酪蛋白的胶束尺寸和黏度随pH的增大而增大.膜过滤通量随pH增大而减小 ;截留率随pH增大而增大.     

真空膜蒸馏NaCl水溶液脱盐过程模拟研究

在尘气模型的基础上建立了真空膜蒸馏NaCl水溶液过程的传质传热机理模型,并用膜孔径分布函数代替膜平均孔径值,首次实现了孔径分布与膜蒸馏机理模型的有效结合.与平均孔径模型相比,随温度变化的通量模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好,证明了所建模型的实用性.在此基础上,探讨了操作条件和孔径分布函数的主要参数对蒸馏过程的影响.模拟结果表明,通量随进料温度和流量的增加而增大,随料液中NaCl浓度的增大而减小;膜的平均孔径越大,通量越大;在平均孔径相同的情况下,膜孔分布越密集,通量越小.     

含不凝气体水蒸气竖直管内冷凝传质传热研究

针对竖直管内含不凝气体水蒸气冷凝传质传热过程开展研究.基于ANSYS Fluent软件平台建立了多相多组分三维数值计算模型，通过将管内中心轴线和壁面上多点温度分布与Kuhn试验结果进行对比，验证了模型的可靠性.在此基础上，考察了混合气体进口温度、速度、压力以及不凝气体体积分数对管内冷凝传热过程的影响规律，并基于不凝气体体积分数修正，提出了竖直管内含不凝气体水蒸气冷凝传热关联式，关联式误差范围为-20%～18%;同时，探究了不凝气体对水蒸气冷凝传质过程的影响规律，发现冷凝水率和平均传质速率随不凝气体体积分数的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势，少量不凝气体具有促进水蒸气冷凝的作用，不凝气体体积分数为23.2%左右时，冷凝水率和平均传质速率最高.研究结果可为含不凝气体水蒸气的传热关联式和传质模拟研究提供参考.     

低渗透储层中氮气的微尺度流动及其对渗流的影响

从气体在低渗透储层微米量级孔喉中的微尺度流动规律研究入手,探讨低渗透储层中气体的非线性渗流机理.实验研究了气体(N2)在内径为2.05～10.10μm微管中的流动规律.结果表明:气体在微管中的流动具有明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量大于经典流体力学理论预测流量;管径越小,流动压力越小,微尺度流动效应越强,实测流量与预测流量的偏离越显著.根据微管实验数据,结合毛管束模型,研究了气体微尺度流动效应对渗流的影响.结果表明:考虑孔喉中气体的微尺度流动效应后,低渗透多孔介质中气体的渗流具有非线性特征,表现为视渗透率随流动压力的减小而增加;多孔介质平均孔喉直径越小,视渗透率随压力的变化越明显.     

碳化硅动态膜分离油水乳化液的性能研究

以孔径1.0μm的管式陶瓷膜为载体制备碳化硅动态膜,对碳化硅动态膜分离油水乳化液的性能进行了研究,考察了油水乳化液的温度、压力、流量、浓度、pH值对分离效果的影响.实验结果表明,在实验考察的操作范围内,稳定渗透通量随温度、流量的增大而增大,随压力的增大先增大后减小,随浓度的增大而减小;在实验考察的操作范围内,截留率随温度、压力、流量、浓度的增大呈现减小的趋势.pH值对油水乳化液的分离影响较大,pH值为中性时分离效果最佳.     

气体分离用管状炭分子筛膜

以无机陶瓷管为支撑体、热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,经高温炭化制备了炭分子筛膜.用低温N2吸附的方法测定了炭分子筛膜的比表面积,用扫描电子显微镜对膜的形貌和厚度进行了表征.考察了膜的气体透过率以及气体的理想选择性随温度的变化关系： H2、CO2、O2、N2和CH4的透过率随温度的升高而增大;理想选择性α（H2/N2）、α（CO2/N2）、α（CO2/CH4）随温度的升高而减小,而α（O2/N2）随温度的升高先增大后减小,在90℃左右气体选择性达到最大.最后由阿累尼乌斯公式计算了气体透过炭分子筛膜的活化能, 进一步说明气体透过机理为活化扩散.     

在多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管上合成NaY沸石分子筛膜

为增大沸石膜的渗透通量,采用水热合成法将两段80mm长、孔径为3～5μm的α-Al2O3陶瓷管分别置于40cm长的晶化釜釜顶与釜底,重复多次涂膜,合成出了无缺陷的沸石膜.XRD、SEM及气体渗透表征表明,该膜确为NaY沸石分子筛膜.在釜顶合成的膜较薄,约为5μm;釜底合成的膜较厚,约为12μm.膜在焙烧去除结晶水的过程中,并未产生明显缺陷.釜顶合成的膜的渗透通量要比釜底合成的膜的渗透通量大1个数量级.在室温下,釜顶合成的膜对H2、N2渗透流率分别为7.95×10-6和2.56×10-7mol.s-1.m-2.Pa-1.H2/N2、H2/C3H8的选择因数分别达到3.13和12.24,可用于相关气体的分离.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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