科尔沁沙地放牧干扰恢复过程中植被组成和生物结皮微生物数量的变化

通过对科尔沁沙地禁牧10年后自然恢复状况的调查和实验分析,得出以下结论:(1)不同放牧强度自然恢复过程中,样地维管植物明显呈现出由一年生植物组成向多年生植物组成过渡的特点,盖度表现为轻牧恢复区(L)、中牧恢复区(M)、重牧恢复区(H)的盖度显著高于对照恢复区(C)、未围封放牧区(N)(P＜0.05);各处理样地生物结皮中苔藓植物和藻类植物的组成变化不大,但盖度表现为:苔藓结皮 L＞M＞H＞C＞N 区,藻结皮C＞H＞M＞L＞N区.(2)围封各恢复区(L、M、H)和未围封放牧区(N)藓结皮的含水量、结皮厚度及有机质含量方面显著高于藻结皮的(P＜0.05),而pH值却低于藻结皮的.(3)围封各恢复区微生物的数量显著高于未围封放牧区的(P＜0.05),在围封各恢复区内不论是藻结皮还是藓结皮,细菌、自身固氮菌和放线菌的数量在中度放牧恢复区数值最大,重度放牧恢复区的数量最少,两者差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).(4)藻结皮、藓结皮微生物数量都随土壤深度的增加而呈降低的趋势,0～3 cm层的与3～5、5～10、10～20 cm三层的有显著差异(P＜0.05),藓结皮层及下层土壤微生物的数量要明显高于藻结皮层及下层土壤的.     

马缨丹对镉的耐性及Glomus intraradices对镉吸收转运的影响

为探讨马缨丹（Lantana camara L.）应用于植物修复的可行性，通过盆栽试验，研究了马缨丹对土壤中重金属镉（Cd）的耐性，以及不同施Cd水平下丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi，AMF）Glomus intraradices（GI）对马缨丹吸收和转运Cd的影响. 结果显示:当土壤Cd含量为50 mg/kg时，马缨丹的生长受到明显的抑制作用；当土壤Cd含量为10 mg/kg时，马缨丹地上部具有较高的Cd积累量. GI表现出对Cd较强的耐性，能较好地侵染马缨丹根系. 与对照相比，接种GI能缓解Cd对马缨丹的生物毒性效应，显著提高马缨丹的生物量（P＜0.05）；接种GI对马缨丹转运Cd没有显著影响（P＞0.05），但当土壤Cd含量为100 mg/kg时,接种GI会抑制马缨丹对Cd的富集. 结果表明马缨丹对Cd具有较强的耐受性，在低Cd污染土壤中具有较高的提取效率；接种GI显著提高了马缨丹对Cd的耐性和地上部Cd的提取量（P＜0.05），表明马缨丹在修复Cd污染土壤方面具有应用潜力.     

麦麸、细菌性植酸酶和柠檬酸对肉鸡提高钙、磷和蛋白质利用的影响

以23%粗蛋白（CP）的玉米豆粕日粮为正对照,以添加了15%麦麸（提供内源性植酸酶）的低营养玉米豆粕日粮（21%CP）为负对照,研究内源性及细菌性植酸酶和柠檬酸在低营养肉鸡日粮中对肉鸡生长的作用.实验结果表明：所有组的胫骨灰分差异不显著（P＞0.05）.添加细菌性植酸酶或柠檬酸的日增重（ADG）、肉料比（G/F）和钙利用率与正常营养水平组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但粪磷排泄量和蛋白质的利用率显著低于正对照组（P＜0.05）,磷的利用率极显著高于正对照组（P＜0.01）.已添加内源性植酸酶组除ADG、G/F和CP利用率低于正对照组外,其它的差异不显著（P＞0.05）.三者同时添加（第5组）的粪磷排泄量降低了1.4%（P＜0.05）;钙的利用率极显著地高于其它4个组（P＜0.01）,最大提高了7.2%;G/F与第1组相当,增高3.9%;在蛋白利用率上也显著地高于其它3个组,高出2.3个百分点（P＜0.05）.可以看出内源性及外源性植酸酶和柠檬酸在肉鸡的生长方面能起到补充或协同的作用.     

巴中产栀子对大鼠肝损伤模型保肝降酶药理效应研究

目的：研究巴中产栀子对大鼠肝损伤模型保肝降酶药理效应。方法采用大鼠皮下注射四氯化碳(CCl4)制备肝损伤模型、分别灌胃给予栀子水溶性有效部位、70%醇溶性有效部位,速率法测定天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),观察巴中、湖北、江西和江津产栀子对CCl4导致的大鼠肝损伤模型降低AST和ALT作用。结果四个产地栀子无论是水溶性有效部位,还是70%醇溶性有效部位均具有非常显著的降低AST和ALT作用（与肝损伤模型组Model比较,分别为P ＜0.001、P ＜0.01、P ＜0.02、P ＜0.01）;栀子水溶性有效部位比70%醇溶性有效部位降低AST、ALT的效果更好,但是无显著性差异（P ＞0.05）。巴中产栀子提取物降低AST、ALT效果比江西、湖北、江津产栀子更好（尤其水溶性有效部位）,巴中产栀子水溶性有效部位对肝损伤大鼠AST活性降低作用显著优于江津产栀子水溶性有效部位（P ＜0.05）,非常显著优于湖北产栀子水溶性有效部位（P ＜0.01）,极显著优于江西产栀子水溶性有效部位（P ＜0.001）;巴中产栀子水溶性有效部位降低ALT作用与湖北、江西、江津产栀子比较有进一步降低的趋势,但是无显著的差异（P ＞0.05）;巴中产栀子70%醇溶性有效部位降低 AST、ALT 作用比江西、湖北、江津产栀子更有优势,但是无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论根据栀子对大鼠CCl4肝损伤模型保肝降酶效应研究结果证明巴中产栀子的品质更优、疗效更佳。巴中产栀子作为川产道地药材的开发研究值得各级政府和社会各界的广泛关注。     

中亚蒙古统治者的定居化倾向

13世纪初，游牧的蒙古民族征服并统治了中亚地区。一个世纪后，蒙古征服者后裔中，一些统治者开始向定居转化。本文试简述中亚蒙古统治者定居化倾向的过程及原因。一、开始向定居转变时期（察合台开国后期）约从14世纪初期起，陆续有一些中亚蒙古统治者向定居生活转变。在这个转变的初期阶段，有几个明显的特点：一是转向定居生活的蒙古统治者多生活在河中等农耕和城市较发达地区；二是开始向定居转变的统治者同时又保留着一些游牧生活习俗；三是仍有很多蒙古贵族坚持游牧生活习俗，甚至激烈反对定居倾向和转向定居者。也先不花的继承者怯别…     

海南坡鹿生理生化正常值的研究

测定了海南坡鹿32项生理生化正常值．结果表明，除在成、幼鹿之间，体温、呼吸、脉搏、红细胞平均体积、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、血清钙、血清纳差异极显著（P＜0．01），球蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶差异显著（P＜0．05）；在成年公、母鹿之间，除红细胞平均体积差异极显著（P＜0.01），红细胞压积容量、血清钙差异显著（P＜0．05）外，其余测定项目差异不显著（P＞0．05）．     

LD含量和LDH、ACP、ALP、TCHE活性在有氧运动影响下的变化

为了探讨有氧运动对人体在不同功能状态下血乳酸（LD）代谢和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乙酰胆碱脂酶（TCHE）活性的影响，对12名业余长跑大学生和12名普通大学生进行了对比研究，结果发现：安静时，血清LD含量、LDH、ACP活性无组间差异，长跑组ALP活性低于对照组，而TCHE活性高于对照组（P＞0.05）；定量负荷后，长跑组血清LD含量明显低于对照组、LDH活性明显高于对照组（P＜0.05），ACP活性高于对照组、ALP活性低于对照组（P＞0.05），TCHE活性无组间差异；力竭性运动后，长跑组LD含量和LDH活性极明显高于对照组（P＜0.001），TCHE活性高于对照组（P＞0.05），ACP、ALP活性无组间差异，以上表明长跑运动对机体在运动状态下的血乳酸代谢和LDH活性有显著的影响，但对ACP、ALP、TCHE活性无明显作用。     

不同刈割条件下的人工草地羊草叶片的再生动态研究

运用组织转化理论和分析方法，研究了人工草地上不同刈割起始时期、留茬高度以及刈割频率对羊草叶片伸长率、萎蔫率、发生率和枯死率的影响。结果表明：不同刈割起始时期之间，刈后第一周至第四周叶片伸长率和发生率差异均显著（P＜0．05），叶片萎蔫率和枯死率差异均不显著；不同刈割次数间除第一周叶片萎蔫率差异显著（P＜0．05），第四周叶片萎蔫率差异极显著（P＜0．01）外，其他各参数差异均不显著；留茬高度间除6月份刈割处理第一周、第二周叶片伸长率差异极显著（P＜0．01），6月份刈割处理第四周叶片伸长率、第一周叶片发生率及8月份刈割处理第四周叶片伸长率差异显著（P＜0．05）外，其他各参数差异均不显著。最佳刈割时期和最佳刈割强度要综合多种因素来确定，根据本实验结果，仅就叶片的再生动态角度考虑，6月份开始刈割，留茬高度8cm，叶片再生速率最快。     

非梗阻性无精子症患者细胞及分子遗传学效应研究

对103例非梗阻性无精子症患者进行常规外周血染色体G显带核型分析、AZF微缺失筛查、精浆生化指标和血清生殖激素定量检测.103例非梗阻性无精子症患者中,染色体核型异常16例,异常率15.53%,其中Klinefelter综合征8例,占异常总数的50.00%,其它性染色体异常5例,占异常总数的31.25%;AZF微缺失18例,缺失率17.48%,其中AZFc区缺失11例,占缺失总数的61.11%;染色体微缺失患者精浆锌浓度与染色体正常组患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;染色体核型异常患者果糖浓度与染色体正常组患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,尤其是Klinefelter综合征患者果糖浓度显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;染色体核型异常患者FSH、LH均显著高于染色体正常组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,Klinefelter综合征患者T浓度则低于染色体正常组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其他核型异常及Y染色体微缺失患者E2浓度显著高于染色体正常组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.     

松针粉饲料喂养对鸡产蛋品质的影响

用含有5％松针粉和不含松针粉的饲料饲养海兰褐蛋鸡,对其所产鸡蛋进行品质对比研究.结果表明：松针鸡蛋在蛋重、蛋白重和蛋黄重等指标与普通鸡蛋相比有所增加,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蛋壳重、蛋黄指数、水分含量有所下降,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数一致;在粗灰分和粗蛋白质含量上松针鸡蛋含量高,呈显著差异（P＜0.05）,特别是蛋黄颜色差异大,呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,松针粉可以有效提高鸡蛋的品质和风味.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that