世界科技研发管理的新取向及其对中国的启示

自2008年以来,世界各主要国家的科学和技术发展均进入重要转型期,其中的一个重要特征是研发活动的组织模式和管理方式发生了深刻变化。建立更加有效的科学与创新投入及管理体系,通过专业化管理来提高研发投资的配置效率和回报率、使科技投入对社会经济的影响最大化、在最大程度上服务于国家的战略目标成为提高政府研发投入专业化管理水平的终极目标。本文着重分析了世界主要国家在组织和管理研发活动方面的新趋势,探讨了实行研发投入专业化管理的主要途径以及转变专门资助机构和专业执行机构的职能对于专业化管理的重要意义、并针对我国现阶段正在推行的科技计划管理改革中政府对研发投入的专业化管理提出了相关建议。     

新材料专业孵化器建设的创新实践

专业孵化器是指围绕某一特定技术领域,在孵化对象、孵化条件、服务内容和管理团队上实现专业化,培育和发展具有技术特长或优势的高新技术企业及孵化科技成果的一种孵化器形式。同一技术领域的企业容易形成集聚效应,成为特定专业技术创新源。专业孵化器之所以能成为孵化器发展的重要趋势就是在于它的“术业有专攻”——专业化的创业设施、专业化的技术服务、专业化的经营管理和专业化的政策指导。北京企业孵化器的发展势头虽然良好,整体实力不断攀升,但是专业服务能力有待提升,专业孵化平台仍然有待完善。     

浅谈推行专业化公司经营提升核心竞争力的主要途径

企业竞争力实质是强调企业在坚持不断创新（在技术、管理和组织机构、体制上的创新）的基础上,才具有持续的竞争能力。文章结合专业化公司运作实际,谈了如何推行专业化公司经营,提升核心竞争力的途径和对策。     

关于教师专业化达成可能性的探讨

教师专业化是教育发展的必然要求,是制定教师教育政策的理论基础,是推进素质教育的关键.从知识基础、定位、责任、自主性四个方面分析教师专业化的内涵,得出教师专业化是可能的这一结论.并认为进一步提高教师专业化水平的策略有:教师要树立新的专业发展观、教师专业组织和机构的建立、政府的推动等等.     

北京教育学院朝阳分院 建构现代培训制度 提升教师职业品质

北京教育学院朝阳分院是集培训I、研究、指导、管理、服务五位一体的区级培训机构，遵循“为干部教师的专业发展、基层学校的创新发展、区域教育的均衡发展服务”的工作宗旨，秉承“致力于做最好的教师教育”的办院理念，以培训专业化推动干部教师专业化，取得了良好的社会反响。在朝阳区教委“建教育强区、树一流教育、提升教育软实力”奋斗目标的指引下，     

“政务公开”的社会学思考

本文从社会学的角度，分析近几年来我国各级组织陆续推行的政务公开现象，认为推行政务公开是我国社会经济、政治和人自身发展的必然结果。推行政务公开制度，有利于社会监督和控制的推广，有利于反腐倡廉工作的开展，有利于改善和密切党群干部关系，有利于社会主义市场经济、民主政治和精神文明建设     

对我国中小学教师专业化的思考

按照社会学家制定的专业指标体系来衡量,中小学教师的职业只能被认为是“半专业化”的职业。推进我国教师专业化应着力于以下四个方面:一是加强对教师活动的探索;二是改革师范教育;三是改善教师的经济待遇和工作条件;四是加强教师专业团体和组织的建设。     

关于推行干部竞聘上岗的思考

推行干部竞争上岗，择优聘用，是高校干部制度的重大改革，我校对此进行了积极探索。本文结合我校推行干部竞聘上岗的工作实践，就如何在思想上进一步深化认识、转变观念以及具体操作等几个问题进行了思考与探讨。     

油田环保工作的产业化专业化研究

环保产业被誉为朝阳产业和新的经济增长点,是环境保护的重要物质基础和技术保障,环保产业包括环保产品的生产与经营、资源综合利用、环境服务三大领域。论述了油田污染治理工作存在的问题及发展环保产业和推行专业化管理对提高污染治理水平的重要意义。     

北京市西城教育研修网开展区域网络研修 创新教师研修机制

北京市西城教育研修网（以下简称研修网）于2004年9月28日正式开通，现由西城教育研修学院承办，是西城区教委为推进课程改革，支持校本研修，促进干部、教师专业发展，实现优质资源共享，推动西城教育可持续和均衡发展而搭建的专业化网络研修平台。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that