Ag@Au双金属纳米颗粒的制备和表征

采用种子生长法制备了银纳米颗粒,通过电置换反应将单金属银颗粒转变为中空金银双金属纳米颗粒.电镜表征及吸收光谱的结果表明,通过控制种子溶液的加入量、超声时间和离心次数等条件,能够有效调控金属纳米颗粒的尺寸以及局域表面等离激元的共振峰位与目标分子匹配;进而可以利用配体交换反应在金属纳米颗粒表面包裹TDBC分子薄膜,实现表面等离激元-分子激子的强耦合.     

环形石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究了环形石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元激发.在低能共振区,和同尺度大小的石墨烯纳米结构相比,环形石墨烯纳米结构光谱的主要吸收峰发生了红移;体系中有两种主要的等离激元共振模式:低能成键模式和高能反键模式.此外,环形石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元激发对体系尺度的大小也有一定的依赖性.     

基于纳米颗粒阵列与法布里-珀罗干涉结构的超灵敏传感器设计

当前的等离激元传感主要基于表面等离极化激元和局域表面等离激元共振两种模式.然而基于表面等离极化激元的传感需要精确的入射角度及多种光学元器件的配合方能使用;而基于局域表面等离激元共振的传感由于共振线宽较宽导致其灵敏度和品质因数(figure of merit,FOM)不够高.设计了一种基于纳米颗粒/间隔层/反射层结构的具...     

分子吸附在各向异性介电核-金属壳层结构附近的表面增强拉曼散射理论研究

研究了在准静态极限下,各向异性介电核-金属壳层这种特殊核-壳结构的表面增强拉曼散射的特性.首先,基于第一性原理,我们推导出这个带壳纳米球颗粒的多重极化率,然后运用Gersten-Nitzan模型研究了这个结构的表面增强拉曼散射的特性.在本文中,我们针对这种各向异性介电核-金属壳层的纳米球颗粒的结构进行理论计算和数值模拟,结果显示,介电核中径向各向异性特性的引入,会对该纳米颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射的峰值起到增强的作用,同时还可以调节体系表面等离共振频率.此外,我们还研究了核的大小对表面增强拉曼散射的意义.我们的研究对于未来探索具有各向异性特性结构的受激拉曼散射很有意义.     

锑烯纳米结构等离激元的第一性原理研究

利用含时密度泛函理论(time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)),研究了锑烯纳米结构表面等离激元的激发特性,并给出了微扰场沿着扶手椅边界和Z字边界激发时锑烯纳米结构的吸收光谱.结果表明沿不同的方向激发,吸收光谱不同.距锑烯纳米结构表面0.9处的能量共振点的电荷密度分布表明,在低能共振区,等离激元共振属于键合二聚体的等离激元模式(BDP).     

石墨烯量子点的等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究石墨烯量子点的等离激元激发。和宏观大小的石墨烯相比,由于量子点的尺寸和量子受限效应,石墨烯量子点的等离激元具有一些不同的特征。在低能共振区,光谱线发生展宽和劈裂。石墨烯量子点的等离激元激发依赖于边界的构型。此外,对称性对于石墨烯量子点的等离激元激发也起着重要的作用。     

不对称纳米环/椭球二聚体的高阶表面等离激元共振特性

基于三维有限元法,研究了不对称纳米环/椭球二聚体的表面等离激元共振和局域场增强光学特性。结果可得可调的高阶表面等离激元共振,这样的高阶共振源于纳米环和纳米椭球之间的等离激元耦合。同时,在两个纳米结构耦合下,在纳米椭球上可以观察到环形电流,其产生了增强的局域电磁场。数值模拟结果表明,纳米环/椭球二聚体的偏心方向和偏心率对表面等离激元共振有着重要的影响。此结果在表面增强光谱学和生物传感方面都有着潜在的应用。     

局域表面等离激元增强红外吸收

红外吸收光谱是探测和鉴定分子的有效工具,然而其应用受到分子低红外吸收截面的限制.金属或高掺杂半导体纳米材料的局域表面等离激元能够产生极大的局域电磁场增强.当分子红外振动与局域表面等离激元发生耦合共振时,分子的振动信号会被极大增强,可实现对目标分子的微量甚至痕量检测.由于其在化学、生物和医药等方面的巨大应用前景,近年来局域表面等离激元增强红外吸收引起了人们的广泛关注.本文首先介绍了表面等离激元增强红外吸收效应的产生机理和理论模型,在此基础上重点讨论了几类不同结构和组分的可实现表面等离激元增强红外吸收的纳米材料的制备方法和增强效果,最后总结了该效应在光谱成像、生物分子检测、环境污染物监测和气体检测等诸多方面的重要应用.     

纳米半球壳结构光学调谐特性分析

利用离散偶极近似法,理论研究了颗粒几何结构参数和物理特性对金纳米半球壳颗粒消光特性的影响.结果表明,随着壳层厚度的增大,消光共振波长先发生蓝移而后再红移,共振波长转向时对应的壳层厚度随内核材料及外界环境介电常数和颗粒间距的增大而增大.利用等离激元杂化理论和相位延迟效应对该现象进行了解释.     

局域表面等离激元-量子复合体系中量子干涉的理论研究

局域表面等离激元与量子发射体构成的复合体系具有比其单个子单元更丰富的性质和功能.本文从理论上研究了量子干涉效应对复合体系吸收和散射性质的影响以及对原子体系非线性效应的调控.首先,由于存在不同跃迁通道之间的干涉,体系支持暗表面等离激元诱导的无布居数反转增益和光强依赖的吸收谱效应.其次,结构开放性诱导的干涉使复合体系能够在纳米尺度、中等强度耦合下调控散射场的光子统计性质.最后,基于表面等离激元的各向异性珀塞尔系数,在纳米尺度演示了对于克尔非线性的调控.这些发现丰富了该复合体系的吸收和散射性质以及原子体系的非线性性质,并且有可能用于量子态制备、带通滤波器、折射率传感、光子统计调控、片上的全光非线性器件等方面.     

A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its application in environmental pollution management

Graphene is an interesting two-dimensional carbon allotrope that has attracted considerable research interest because of its unique structure and physicochemical properties. Studies have been conducted on graphene-based nanomaterials including modified graphene, graphene/semiconductor hybrids, graphene/metal nanoparticle composites, and graphene-complex oxide composites. These nanomaterials inherit the unique properties of graphene, and the addition of functional groups or the nanoparticle composites on their surfaces improves their performance. Applications of these materials in pollutant removal and environmental remediation have been explored. From the viewpoint of environmental chemistry and materials, this paper reviews recent important advances in synthesis of graphene-related materials and their application in treatment of environmental pollution. The roles of graphene-based materials in pollutant removal and potential research are discussed.     

ZnO microsheet modified TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticle composite films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Randomly oriented ZnO microsheets were successfully self-assembled on TiO₂ nanoparticle (TN) film to act as the scattering layer via a cathodic electrodeposition process. The light scattering properties of ZnO microsheets were studied by UV-Vis spectrometer in the 400–800 nm wavelength range. It was found that ZnO microsheets exhibited excellent ability to scatter the incident light for ZnO microsheet-TiO₂ nanoparticle (ZT) composite films. The results showed that dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with ZT composite films showed higher short-circuit density (J_sc) and conversion efficiency than TN-based DSSCs, due to the light scattering properties of ZnO microsheets.     

Near-field coupling and SERS effects of palladium nanoparticle dimers

The linear optical properties and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of spherical palladium nanoparticle dimers are analyzed theoretically using generalized Mie theory. The calculation results demonstrate that the near-field coupling effect greatly influences the absorption, scattering and extinction spectra of nanoparticle dimers. The surface plasmon resonance wavelength red-shifts dramatically as the separation between nanoparticles decreases. Because of the near-field coupling between nanoparticles and the size effect, the maximum SERS enhancement factor at the ‘hot spot’ between palladium nanoparticle dimers is as high as 10⁷–10⁸, while the averaged SERS enhancement factor over the entire nanoparticle surface is in the range of 10⁵–10⁶. The deviation between the position of the peak in the extinction spectrum and the wavelength for maximum surface-averaged enhancement for the Pd nanoparticle dimers indicates that localized surface plasmon resonance has different influences on the far and near fields. These theoretical results may help to reveal the relationship between the far and near fields, as well as understand the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement in the surface-enhanced scattering of transition metals.     

钴基氧还原电催化材料研究进展

氧还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)是能量转换和储存系统的关键电极反应。目前,贵金属基材料,如铂和钯,是ORR最有效的催化剂,但其地球储量稀少、价格昂贵,且抗甲醇和CO性能差。因此,开发新型、低成本、高性能的氧还原电催化剂对能源转化和储存具有重要意义。综述了近年来非贵金属钴(Co)基氧还原电催化材料的研究进展及其性能调控策略,分为Co合金、Co-N-C、Co纳米粒子、Co基氧化物、Co基磷化物和Co基硫化物等多种形式,并对未来开发低成本、高性能的氧还原催化剂进行了展望。     

Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging

Combining the unique optical properties of metal nanoparticles and the specific recognition of aptamer,aptamer–nanoparticle conjugates have been extensively used in a wide range of applications,particularly multifunctional nanoparticles for cell detection and molecular imaging.Conventional conjugates prepared by chemisorption of monothiol-modified oligonucleotides onto nanoparticle surfaces suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules.If silver is used in place of gold,then this lack of stability is even more pronounced.In this study,we reported here the effective and facile strategy of preparing stable silver nanoparticle–aptamer conjugates by in situ generation of strong metal affinity capping ligands,dithiocarbamates modified anti-prion protein aptamer.The conjugates produced are stable and can withstand NaCl concentration at0.25 mol/L.Meanwhile,they could be applied in the cellular prion protein imaging successfully.     

化学法结合快速热处理制备CuInSe_2粉末

以金属氯化物、Se粉为原料,在有机溶剂中经过回流反应合成前驱物,再经快速热处理制备了CuInSe2粉末.采用XRD、Raman光谱、TG-DTA、SEM、EDS对前驱物和样品的各种性质及工艺条件对产物的影响进行了分析和研究.结果表明：以乙二胺为溶剂时回流反应产物适宜作为制备CuInSe2粉末的前驱物,其通过快速热处理可以有效制备单相黄铜矿型CuInSe2粉末;提高热处理温度和增加热处理时间均有利于CuInSe2的完全形成和结晶质量的改善,但热处理时间的延长对产物微观形貌有不良影响,600℃/30min是较佳的热处理条件.     

The effects of interface scattering on thermoelectric properties of film thermoelectric materials

A theoretical model taking into consideration the interface effects is established to predict the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity for a polycrystalline thermoelectric （TE） thin film. The interface scattering mechanisms （including the film-surface scattering and grain-boundary scattering） of the transport electrons in the film materials are revealed. The relations between the Seebeck coefficient, the electrical conductivity and the interface parameters （the film-surface reflection coefficient and the grain-boundary transmission coefficient） are then discussed with respect to the proposed model. The differences in the TE properties between the films and bulk materials caused by size restriction are investigated. The results indicate that the higher grain number leads to stronger grain-boundary scattering and more distinct size effects of the TE properties. In contrast to the surface effect, the grain-boundary effect plays a main role in the TE properties of TE films with polycrystalline structures.     

二维导体柱电磁散射特性分析

提出了应用有限元法结合吸收边界条件分析二维导体柱的电磁散射特性.首先利用一阶吸收边界条件来截断散射体外的无限区域,然后应用有限元法进行分析,形成矩阵方程,最后应用多波前法求解该方程.作为算例,分别计算了无限长理想导体方柱和圆柱对平面电磁波的雷达散射截面,结果与有关文献一致,数值结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

超声脉冲纵波在固体中传播的可视化研究

为了研究超声脉冲波在钢、铁等金属材料中的传播规律,我们采用和金属材料声速比较接近的k9玻璃作样品,利用研制的动态光弹系统,来观察超声脉冲纵波在玻璃中的传播,由此来模拟超声波在金属中的反射、散射等传播行为.对于利用超声脉冲波检测金属材料缺陷的理论提供了实验依据.     

一种基于计算相关系数的成分相近金属材料的超声辨识方法

以3种成分相近金属材料作为试样,提取10 MHz的高频超声波脉冲在材料内部一定深度处传播时所产生的散射信号.截取相邻两段时域信号,经FFT变换后得到相应的幅度谱和衰减系数谱,再对不同材料的衰减系数谱进行相关计算.结果表明,文章提出的以计算相关系数为手段的方法,可以对成分相近的金属材料进行辨识.