Single-negative properties of Ba2Co1.8Cu0.2Fe12O22 and Ba3Co2Fe23.4Zn0.6O41 hexagonal ferrites

The electromagnetic properties of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y) and Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁ (Co₂Z) were studied by measuring microwave scattering parameters. In the transmission spectra of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂, a forbidden band emerges due to ferromagnetic resonance, and the permeability will turn to negative in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. In the complex permittivity spectra of Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁, the negative permittivity can be obtained due to dielectric resonance. Therefore, Co₂Y and Co₂Z can be used to construct left-handed materials possessing negative permeability and negative permittivity simultaneously.     

锂离子电池电极材料Li4Ti5O12@TiO2的制备及性能

用水热法制备Li₄Ti₅O₁₂@TiO₂复合材料与同样方法制备的尖晶石型Li₄Ti₅O₁₂进行对比.对2种材料采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光电子能谱仪(XPS)进行表征;N₂吸附-脱附曲线进行比表面积分析;恒电流充放电测试和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)技术进行电化学性能分析.结果表明Li₄Ti₅O₁₂@TiO₂和Li₄Ti₅O₁₂均呈颗粒状,粒径分别约为50和70 nm.XPS分析显示Li₄Ti₅O₁₂@TiO₂中的Ti为+4价态.电化学测试结果显示Li₄Ti₅O₁₂复合了锐钛型TiO₂...     

制备方法对稀土Gd掺杂SnO2/Sb电催化电极性能的影响

分别采用浸渍法、 溶胶-凝胶法, SnCl₄·5H₂O, Sb ₂O₃ Gd(NO₃)₃为 原料, 制备了稀土Gd掺杂SnO₂/Sb涂层电催化电极. 以苯酚为目标有机物, 考 察了电极的电催化氧化性能, 初步探讨了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系. 采用SEM, XRD, XPS和EDX等手段对不同方法制备电极的表面形貌、 晶体结构、 电极表面涂层的 元素化学结合态及元素组成进行了表征与分析. 结果表明, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的电极为纳 米涂层电极, 表面裂纹较少, 晶体发育完全, 有利于SnO₂, Gd₂ O₃和 吸附氧的表面聚集, 进而提高了电催化电极的性能.     

乙醇燃料车尾气催化净化性能的研究

采用混胶法将铝溶胶与钛溶胶相混合制备出纳米级γ-Al₂O₃/TiO₂复合载体，然后用共浸渍法制备出不同钒含量的V/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂，并对其活性进行评价，结果发现5%V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂对乙醇和乙醛等具有良好的催化氧化性能.通过XRD等技术对催化剂进行了表征，合理解释了V/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂有较高活性的原因.     

铝热还原制备Ti-6Al-4V合金的热力学和动力学

分别对Al-TiO₂，Al-V₂O₅，Al-V₂O₅-TiO₂及Al-V₂O₅-TiO₂-CaO体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究.结果表明:采用铝粉直接还原TiO₂，V₂O₅粉末制备Ti-6Al-4V合金是可行的.加入CaO会降低体系单位质量反应热，需要补热才能维持反应进行.Al还原TiO₂的反应在951℃发生，表观活化能E₁为166.47kJ/mol，反应级数n₁为0.3982;Al还原V₂O₅的反应在946℃发生，表观活化能E₂为392.72kJ/mol，反应级数n₂为1.0618.Al粉还原V₂O₅和TiO₂制备Ti-6Al-4V合金体系的反应在1019℃左右发生，表观活化能E₃为173.56kJ/mol，反应级数n₃为0.4722;加入CaO后，反应在979℃左右发生，体系表观活化能升高但反应级数降低.这四个体系均属于液-固反应体系.     

钛掺杂BiFeO3光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备钛(Ti)掺杂BiFeO₃纳米颗粒(Ti-BiFeO₃), 研究不同煅烧温度对Ti掺杂BiFeO₃结构调控及光催化性能的影响, 用X射线衍射（XRD）、 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 能谱分析（EDS）、 紫外-可见（UV-Vis)光谱技术对颗粒的相结构、 形貌、 原子比例、 光催化性能等进行测试及分析, 并以罗丹明-B为目标降解物, 对Ti掺杂BiFeO3光催化性能进行研究. 结果表明: Ti掺杂BiFeO₃样品在不同煅烧温度均出现Bi₂Fe₄O₉相; 煅烧温度可对Bi₂Fe₄O₉的含量进行调控, 在650 ℃煅烧样品中含有适量的Bi₂Fe₄O₉相, 能有效提高Ti掺杂BiFeO₃的光催化活性, 且具有较高的降解活性, 60 min内降解效率达85%.     

A new synthetic route to MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 highly dispersed composite material through formation of Mg5Al2.4Zr1.7O12 metastable phase:synthesis and physical properties

Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase was successfully synthesized from analytical-grade MgO, α-Al₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ under an N₂ atmosphere. The sintering temperature was varied from 1650 to 1780℃, and the highest amount of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ appeared in the composite material when the sintering temperature was 1760℃. According to our research of the formation mechanism of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂, the formation and growth of MgAl₂O₄ dominated when the temperature was not higher than 1650℃. When the temperature was higher than 1650℃, MgO and ZrO₂ tended to diffuse into MgAl₂O₄ and the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ solid solution was formed. When the temperature reached 1760℃, the formation of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ was completed. The effect of MgAl₂O₄ spinel crystals was also studied, and their introduction into the composite material promoted the formation and growth of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂. A highly dispersed MgO-MgAl₂O₄-ZrO₂ composite material was prepared through the decomposition of the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase. The as-prepared composite material showed improved overall physical properties because of the good dispersion of MgO, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ phases.     

New pyrometallurgical process of EAF dust treatment with CaO addition

The non-carbothermic zinc pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust was investigated on a laboratory scale. The main objective of this process was to convert highly stable zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄), which accounts for more than half of total zinc in the EAF dust, into ZnO and Ca₂Fe₂O₅ by CaO addition. The EAF dust was mixed with CaO powder in various ratios, pressed into pellets, and heated in a muffle furnace in air at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100℃ for a predetermined holding time. All ZnFe₂O₄ was transformed into ZnO and Ca₂Fe₂O₅ at a minimum temperature of 900℃ within 1 h when sufficient CaO to achieve a Ca/Fe molar ratio of 1.1 was added. However, at higher temperatures, excess CaO beyond the stoichiometric ratio was required because it was consumed by reactions leading to the formation of compounds other than ZnFe₂O₄. The evaporation of halides and heavy metals in the EAF dust was also studied. These components could be preferentially volatilized into the gas phase at 1100℃ when CaO was added.     

共沉淀中热力学耦合对正极材料电化学性能的影响

以共沉淀法制备钠离子层状氧化物正极材料NaNi_0.4Mn_0.4Fe_0.2O₂,采用Al³⁺有效控制和平衡共沉淀反应的过程.考察了加入Al元素带来的热力学耦合效应及对正极材料电化学性能的影响.结果表明,在Mn²⁺,Ni²⁺和Fe²⁺离子共存的环境中,由于Al³⁺更高的过饱和度和更负的吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)所产生的热力学耦合效应,显著改变了溶液离子之间的沉淀驱动力,加速Ni²⁺和Mn²⁺的沉淀并抑制Fe³⁺的沉淀.Na［Ni_0.4Mn_0.4Fe_0.2］_0.995Al_0.005O₂正极材料表现出优异的电化学性能,这归因于引入Al³⁺制备得到高质量的前驱体(［0.4MnCO₃·0.4NiCO₃·0.2Fe(OH)₃］_0.995·0.005Al(OH)₃).     

BaFe12O19/PLA复合材料的制备及性能研究

以钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)为微波吸收剂、聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,经过球磨、单螺杆熔融挤出制备BaFe₁₂O₁₉/PLA复合线材,利用熔融沉积成型(FDM)制备出BaFe₁₂O₁₉/PLA复合材料.分别利用XRD、SEM和矢量网络分析仪对所制备的不同比例的BaFe₁₂O₁₉/PLA复合材料进行物相研究、微观形貌分析和电磁性能表征.拉伸测试结果表明：随着BaFe₁₂O₁₉含量的提升,BaFe₁₂O₁₉/PLA复合材料的力学性能持续下降,当BaFe₁₂O₁₉含量在20%时,拉伸强度和断裂延伸率较纯PLA分别下降了15.69%、36.83%;当BaFe₁₂O₁₉含量在30%时,拉伸强度和断裂延伸率出现了较大幅度的下降,分别为41.28%、66...     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ doped (YxGd1-x)2O3:Si4+, Mg2+ long-lasting phosphor

A novel red long-lasting phosphor, (Y_1−x Gd _x )₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Si⁴⁺, Mg²⁺, was synthesized by the co-precipitation method using oxalate precipitation as the precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analyzer (TG), and photoluminescence spectra (PL) as well as the ST-900PM weak light photometer were used to study the synthesis conditions, morphology, luminescence properties, and the decay time of the phosphor. The XRD results show that the products synthesized at 1400°C for 4 h have good crystallization without any detectable impurity phases. Based on the PL spectra, the optimal conditions are as the following. The molar ratios of Y³⁺ to Gd³⁺ and Eu³⁺ to Sm³⁺ are 2:8 and 3:1, respectively, and the contents of Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ are 5mol% and 3mol%, respectively. The decay time monitored by the ST-900PM weak light photometer is 7200 s, increasing 44% and 100%, respectively, compared with the Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ single-doped phosphors. The results indicate that the energy transfer is from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ion, and Sm³⁺ is a good sensitizer to Eu³⁺.     

Preparation of Gd2O3:Eu3+ downconversion luminescent material and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ downconversion luminescent powder was prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method. Its optical properties were analyzed and it was introduced into a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). As a luminescence medium, Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ improved light harvesting via conversion luminescence and increased the photocurrent of the DSSC. As a p-type dopant insulating rare earth oxides form an energy barrier, and the Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ elevated the energy level of the oxide film and increased the photovoltage. The photoelectric conversion efficiency for a DSSC with Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ doping (6:100) reached 7.01%, which was 17.4% higher than the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of a DSSC without Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ doping.     

Antilocalization sensing of interactions between two-dimensional electrons and surface species

We apply antilocalization measurements to experimentally study the interactions and exchange between InAs surface accumulation electrons and local magnetic moments of the rare earth ions Sm3?,Gd3?,Ho3?,and Dy3?,of the transition metal ions Ni2?,Co2?,and Fe3?,and of Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine deposited on the surface.The influence of the deposited species on the surface electrons is observed through the changes in the spin–orbit scattering and magnetic spin-flip scattering rates,which carry information about magnetic interactions.Experiments indicate a temperature-dependent magnetic spin-flip scattering for Ho3?,Dy3?,Ni2?,and Co2?.Concerning the spin–orbit scattering rate,we observe an increase,except for the cases of Ni2?,Fe3?,Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine.We also observe an increase in SO scattering in another system where we study the interactions of Au nanoparticles and ferromagnetic Co0.6Fe0.4nanopillars and an In0.53Ga0.47As quantum well.Experimental results are analyzed and compared to theoretical models.Our method provides a controlled way to probe the quantum properties of two-dimensional electron systems,either on the surface of InAs or in a quantum well.     

Solvother mal synthesis of Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles and its application in ammonia vapors detection

Magnetic Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method using ethylene glycol as solvent.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),field emiss...     

Structural,elemental, optical and magnetic study of Fe doped ZnO and impurity phase formation

We have prepared a series of(ZnO)1-x(Fe2O3)x≤0.10bulk samples with various concentrations of Fe dopant by ball milling and investigated their structural, compositional, optical and magnetic properties by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), respectively. Information about different impurity phases was obtained through Rietveld refinements of XRD data analysis. XPS results showed different valence states(Fe2+ tand Fe3+) supported by shaking satellite peaks in samples. With increasing Fe doping percentage, the crystal quality deteriorated and a shift of E2 low band(characteristic of ZnO) has been observed in Raman spectra. Energy band gap estimated from reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy showed shift for all bulk samples. The magnetic behavior was examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), indicating ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature(300 K). The effective magnetic moment per Fe atom decreases with increase in doping percentage which indicates that ferromagnetic behavior arises from the substitution of Fe ions in the ZnO lattice.     

Phase analysis and thermal conductivity of in situ O′-sialon/β-Si3N4 composites

Typical O??-sialon-based ceramics, with a formula of Si_2?x Al _x O_1+x N_2?x , where x was set as 0.25, were fabricated by in-situ synthesis. Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ powders were used as raw materials, and MgO and Y₂O₃ were added as sintering additives. All the samples were sintered at different temperatures under a nitrogen pressure of 0.25?C0.30 MPa, and their microstructure, phase content, and thermal conductivity were evaluated. The effects of O??-sialon and ??-Si₃N₄ on the thermal conductivity were analyzed by numerical calculation in detail. In the case of the similar porosity, the thermal conductivity of O??-sialon-based ceramics decreased with the ratio of O??-sialon/??-Si₃N₄ increasing. When the ratio was 12, the thermal conductivity of O??-sialon ceramics sintered at 1360°C was 1.197 W·m^?1·K^?1.     

Crystal structure and negative thermal expansion of solid solution Lu<Subscript>2</Subscript>W<Subscript>3−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mo<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>

A new series of solid solutions Lu₂W_3−x Mo _x O₁₂ (0.5≤x≤2.5) were successfully synthesized by the solid-state method. Their crystal structure and negative thermal expansion properties were studied using high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method. All samples of rare-earth tungstates and molybdates are found to crystallize in the same orthorhombic structure with space group Pnca and show the negative thermal expansion phenomena related to transverse vibration of bridging oxygen atoms in the structure. Thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of Lu₂W_3−x Mo _x O₁₂ are determined as −20.0×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for x=0.5 and −16.1×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for x=2.5 but -18.6×10⁻⁶ and −16.9×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for unsubstituted Lu₂W₃O₁₂ and Lu₂Mo₃O₁₂ in the identical temperature range of 200 to 800°C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and bond length analysis suggest that the difference between W-O and Mo-O bond is responsible for the change of TECs after the element substitution in this series of solid solutions.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of LiLaxMn2-xO4 cathode material by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method

Powders of spinel LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were successfully synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel (UASG) method. The structure and properties of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge test, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD results show that the La³⁺ can partially replace Mn³⁺ in the spinel and the doped materials with La³⁺ have a larger lattice constant compared with pristine LiMn₂O₄. FT-IR indicates that the absorption peak of Mn³⁺−O and Mn⁴⁺− O bonds has a red and blue shift with the increase of doping lanthanum in LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄, respectively. The charge-discharge test exhibits that the initial discharge capacity of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ drops off, and the capacity retention increases gradually at C/5 discharge rate with the increase of doping lanthanum, and LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O₄ has a higher discharge capacity and a better cycling performance at 1C discharge rate. CV reveals that the doping La³⁺ is beneficial to the reversible extraction and intercalation of Li⁺ ions.     

Enhancement of magnetic properties and thermal stability of nanocrystalline (NdDyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)81.7B6.0 alloy with Co substitution

The major drawbacks of Nd-Fe-B magnets are relatively low Curie temperature and poor thermal stability. Ribbons with the near stoichiometric 2:14:1 composition of Nd_10.8Dy_0.75Tb_0.75Fe_79.7-xCo_xZr_0.8Nb_0.8Cu_0.4B_6.0 (x=0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) were prepared by rapid quenching and subsequent heat treatment. The effect of Co element on the magnetic properties, thermal stability, and microstructure of the ribbons was systematically studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal magnetic analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that Co substitution was significantly effective in improving the magnetic properties and the thermal stability of nanocrystalline ribbons. Although the intrinsic coercivity decreased from 1308.7 kA/m for x=0 to 817.4 kA/m for x=15, the remanence polarization and maximum energy product increased from 0.839 T and 116.5 kJ/m3 for the Co-free samples to 1.041 T and 155.1 kJ/m3 for the 12at% Co-substituted samples, respectively. About 10 K increase in Curie temperature was observed for the 2:14:1 phase with 1at% Co substitution. The absolute values of temperature coefficients of induction and coercivity were significantly decreased with Co substitution, which may be attractive for high operational temperature applications. The microstructure of nanocrystalline ribbons was slightly refined with Co substitution.     

Effect of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics produced from naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag

CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (CAS) glass-ceramics were prepared via a melting method using naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag as the main raw material. The effects of the addition of Fe₂O₃ on the crystallization behavior and properties of the prepared glass-ceramics were studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization activation energy was calculated using the modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The results show that the intrinsic nucleating agent in the yellow phosphorus furnace slag could effectively promote the crystallization of CAS. The crystallization activation energy first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of added Fe₂O₃. At 4wt% of added Fe₂O₃, the crystallization activation energy reached a maximum of 676.374 kJ·mol-1. The type of the main crystalline phase did not change with the amount of added Fe₂O₃. The primary and secondary crystalline phases were identified as wollastonite (CaSiO₃) and hedenbergite (CaFe(Si₂O₆)), respectively.