断翅圈联养白枕鹤的繁殖

断翅白枕鹤通过选定配偶、隔离圈养，于１９８６年在无锡市公园动物园繁殖成功，至今已形成较大种群，并初步掌握了白枕鹤的繁殖规律。配对多年的白枕鹤繁殖季节农年提早，二月底即可产狼，亲鹤自孵自育情况下，年产１窝，窝卵数为２格言，产卵间隔日为２－３ｄ，孵卵期为２８－３０ｄ。采取人工孵化或人工育雏珠方法可缩短窝间隔时间，年产２－３窝，甚至４０窝。人工孵化的关键是温湿度控制，人工育雏的羝是雏舍温度、卫生、雏鹤开     

山瑞鳖产卵与孵化研究

１９９７年对山瑞鳖的产卵和孵化进行了研究,结果表明：人工养殖的山瑞鳖产卵期为每年的５～８月份,６～７月份为产卵高峰期。产卵次数１年１次,每窝产卵数量２～２８只不等,最多出现为１１只／窝,平均１１．０２只／窝,全年卵受精率６４．７７％,山瑞鳖卵平均重９．５８ｇ,受精卵在产山８～２０ｄ;恒温孵化时,随孵化温度的上升,卵化所需时间减少,积温减少,但在３３℃时,胚胎在发育早期死亡,无鳖孵出,孵化温度为２８     

无蹼壁虎的产卵习性

无蹼壁虎是一种季节性繁殖的爬行动物，出蛰后的雌体卵巢迅速增大，产卵期一般从５月中旬至８月，对产卵场所有一定的选择性，产粘性卵．在一个繁殖季节中，雌体产卵一窝，但部分雌体可能产第二窝卵。旧碉堡内的壁虎卵孵化期为４５～６５ｄ。     

北红尾鸲的繁殖习性观察

2002～2004年，在蟒河自然保护区对北红尾鸲的繁殖习性进行了观察．结果表明。该鸟每年3月上旬迁入该区。10月下旬迁离．3月下旬营巢．4月中旬产卵，窝卵数3～6枚．孵化期12～13天。孵化率为90％．巢内育雏期12天．巢外育幼期约10天．在该区全年的种群密度为4．41只／km^2．     

散放黑天鹅的繁殖

黑天鹅分布于澳洲南部,全身黑色,初级飞羽白色,嘴为红色,属于大中型游禽,体重5～7.5公斤,成对活动栖息。上海地区除7～9月停产外,全年其他月份均能繁殖。每窝4～8枚卵,隔日产卵。卵椭圆形青灰色,重250～300克,孵化期35～38天。黑天鹅以植物性食物为主,兼食少量昆虫。上海野生动物园在大面积湖泊散放混养各类游禽,每日定点饲喂,任其自由择偶交配,选址筑巢产卵,并采取自然孵化与人工孵化相结合的方式提高繁殖数。黑天鹅一般选择四周环水的小岛筑巢,材料以水草、稻草和一些杂草构成。孵化期雌雄轮流抱孵。孵化7～10天后取出人工孵化,可刺激其提早产下一窝卵。一般每年可人工取出3～4窝卵,6月份产最后一窝由亲鸟自然孵化至出壳,这样可大大提高繁殖率。     

树栖型苍鹭生态习性研究

１９９８、１９９９年２月－１０月，在辽宁省进阳县对苍鹭的生态习性进行了观察研究，该鸟在辽宁省夏候岛，敏年最早２月２６日迁来，最晚９月２８日迁离，居留期２１０天左右，产卵始期为３月２１日，隔日一枚，窝卵数５枚－６枚，产出第１枚卵后开始孵化，孵化期２４天－２６天，孵化率９２．３％，幼鸟为晚成岛，育雏期４０天左右。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡繁殖力的研究

１９９５年～１９９７年３月～７月,在山西芦芽山自然保护区,对褐马鸡（Ｃｒｏｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｒｍａｎｔｃｈｕｒｉｃｕｍ）的繁殖力进行了研究。已知其性成熟周期为３６５ｄ,发情与配偶期在每年３月下旬,营巢与产卵期在４月,窝卵数８．０２枚,孵卵期２７±１ｄ,孵化率９６．００％,成活率９６．６７％,每年参加繁殖的个体数占种群数量７６．２０％。繁殖力为２．８５只／年。     

蛇鮈的产卵习性及胚胎发育

蛇　每年３～４月产卵，产卵下限温度１２℃．产卵环境特点：微流水，底质为卵石和沙质的浅水河滩．集群产卵，繁殖群体的性比为♀：♂＝８：１．卵微粘性，卵径１．０～１．１ｍｍ，比重略大于水．在水温１５．０～１８．３℃条件下，观察了胚胎及胚后发育过程：受精后１ｈ６ｍｉｎ，胚盘形成；再过２５ｈ４ｍｉｎ后，胚孔封闭．从受精到孵化历时８１～８２ｈ，初孵仔鱼全长４．５ｍｍ．孵出后第１０ｄ，卵黄囊消失，全长６．４ｍｍ．讨论了蛇　卵的类型和配对方式等问题     

磁化杯磁场对黄粉生长和繁殖的影响

将黄粉饲养在磁场强度为０．０２５～０．０４７Ｔ的磁化杯中，实验结果表明：能使蛹期缩短０．１９ｄ，成虫产卵量每雌增加１１８枚，卵孵化率增加２０．５％，幼虫体重增加３８．３％．因此，磁化杯磁场可以促进黄粉的生长繁殖，有一定的利用价值。     

大山雀营巢期投入对繁殖功效的影响

2009年,我们利用人工巢箱在吉林省左家自然保护区次生林中对大山雀亲鸟营巢投入对繁殖功效的影响开展了初步研究。大山雀平均巢材重量为33．90±13．44g,不同繁殖个体的巢材重量存在极显著差异（t=18．336,Sig=0．000）,表明大山雀不同个体的营巢投入不同。大山雀种群内个体的繁殖时间存在明显差异（Z=1．422,Sig=0．35）,但巢材重量与大山雀产首枚卵日期间不存在显著的相关关系,较晚繁殖的个体并未减少筑巢投入。大山雀巢材重量与窝卵数（r=0．292,P=0．034）和出雏数之间存在显著正相关关系（r=0．294,P=0．033）,巢材越重,窝卵数越大,出雏数越多,表明大山雀能通过调节营巢投入增加窝卵数和提高出雏率。但巢材重量与雏鸟出飞数无显著相关性,说明可能存在其它生态因子影响大山雀育雏期的成功率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with