不同电子供体对Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans strain SF3

还原脱氯,脱硫细菌Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans strain SF3可异化还原三价铁,六价铬和三价钴. 乙酸盐,乙醇,氢气,丙酮酸盐,乳酸盐和柠檬酸盐可作为还原可溶性三价铁的电子供体,而只有丙酮酸盐和氢气做电子供体时SF3才能还原不可溶的非晶态三价铁氧化物. 实验测定Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA还原对乙酸盐氧化的比例为7.76±0.35,而且该过程中没有伴随细菌的生长. SF3可利用氢气,丙酮酸盐或乳酸盐作为电子供体还原六价铬和三价钴, 但这一过程不能利用乙酸盐作为电子供体. 据我们所知,这是首次发现一种SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)可利用乙酸盐还原可溶性三价铁,但无法利用其还原不可溶三价铁以及六价铬和三价钴,该发现说明SF3在金属还原过程中利用了较复杂的电子传递系统.     

不同电子供体对Desulfovibrio dechloracetivoranss trainSF3金属还原的影响

还原脱氯,脱硫细菌Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans strainSF3可异化还原三价铁,六价铬和三价钴．乙酸盐,乙醇,氢气,丙酮酸盐,乳酸盐和柠檬酸盐可作为还原可溶性三价铁的电子供体,而只有丙酮酸盐和氢气做电子供体时SF3才能还原不可溶的非晶态三价铁氧化物．实验测定Fe（Ⅲ）-EDTA还原对乙酸盐氧化的比例为7．76±0．35,而且该过程中没有伴随细菌的生长．SF3可利用氢气,丙酮酸盐或乳酸盐作为电子供体还原六价铬和三价钴,但这一过程不能利用乙酸盐作为电子供体．据我们所知,这是首次发现一种SRB（硫酸盐还原茵）可利用乙酸盐还原可溶性三价铁,但无法利用其还原不可溶三价铁以及六价铬和三价钴,该发现说明SF3在金属还原过程中利用了较复杂的电子传递系统．     

耐酸性硫酸盐还原功能菌株WF83的分离鉴定及生长特性研究

运用Hungate厌氧技术,从某酸性底泥中分离到一株耐酸且具有硫酸盐还原功能的菌株WF83,采用形态以及16SrRNA基因序列分析手段对其鉴定,并对WF83的主要生长因素(pH和温度)进行研究.结果表明,菌株WF83为革兰氏阴性菌,杆状,具有硫酸盐还原功能,产H2S,兼性厌氧;与Enterobacter sp.的同源相似水平达99%,初步鉴定该菌株可能为Enterobacter属.生长条件试验显示,该菌株属中温菌,最适宜生长温度为22～35℃,且具有较宽的pH生长范围(5.0～9.0),在pH5.0时的细胞生长水平与pH9.0时基本相同,相对于已经报道的硫酸盐还原菌,其表现出较强的耐酸性.     

大庆油田地面系统的硫酸盐还原菌的分离与鉴定

大庆油田地面系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)危害严重,SRB菌的分离鉴定尚属空白,针对其不同种类进行杀菌研究具有重要意义.应用Hungate厌氧操作技术、绝迹稀释法以及"滚管"培养,从大庆油田地面系统的3种介质类型中分离到80株具有硫酸盐还原功能的菌株.对其中20株进行形态、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列系统发育分析.研究发现,液体培养基外观存在两种特征:一种为附着生长的SRB菌占多数,另一种为非附着生长的SRB菌占少数;地面系统的SRB菌主要分布于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)梭菌纲(Clostridia)占总数的65%,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)占总数的25%,δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)中的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum)占总数的10%.地面系统中SRB的种类比较新颖,存在新种的可能性很大,本源的SRB菌很少,大部分是具有硫酸盐还原功能的外源微生物.图2,表2,参11.     

一株耐酸硫酸盐还原菌的分离筛选及生理特性研究

从四川化工集团硫酸厂废水污泥中分离到一株耐酸硫酸盐还原菌.分离菌属于中温菌,最佳生长温度为36℃;轻度耐盐,浓度在1%左右.分离菌具有较宽的pH生长范围(5.0~8.5),且在pH 5.0时的细胞生长量达到最高,与pH7.0时的生长水平相同.相对于已报道的硫酸盐还原菌,具有很强的耐酸性能.分离菌的另一显著特点是碳源利用范围广,能分别利用甲酸钠、乙酸钠、乙醇、丙酸钠、乳酸钠、葡萄糖作为电子供体,进行硫酸盐异化还原.菌体呈杆状或弧状,大小为(0.5~0.6)×(1.7~2.0)μm,革兰氏染色阴性,芽孢染色阴     

一株嗜蜡嗜胶质基因工程菌ZH20的构建与评价

利用DNA转化法将嗜胶质菌的功能基因转入嗜蜡菌中,成功构建一株嗜蜡、嗜胶质基因工程菌ZH20,分析此菌株的生物特性及高温下对原油的作用。结果表明:ZH20的生长特性与受体菌基本相同,最高耐受温度为75℃,对pH值的适应范围较广(4～10),对盐(NaCl)的最大耐受量为12.5%;基因工程菌ZH20不仅保留受体菌的嗜蜡性能,同时还获得供体菌的嗜胶质性能,能够有效降低原油凝固点和黏度。     

硫酸盐还原菌的微生物防治

 硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一类能在厌氧条件下以有机物为电子供体,将硫酸盐还原为硫化物的原核微生物。SRB产生的硫化物具有毒性和腐蚀性,其腐蚀产物硫化铁会堵塞地层,历来为环保和石油工业所关注。杀菌剂虽广泛用于抑制SRB生长;但杀菌剂不但价格高,对人体和环境有毒害作用,而且由于生物膜会降低杀菌效果和SRB会产生抗药性,难以获得满意的效果。目前,提出用微生物方法解决这一问题：(1)用硝酸盐激活硝酸盐还原菌,通过生物竞争抑制硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖;(2)用硫化物氧化菌,通过生物氧化除去硫化物;(3)用短芽孢菌,通过其分泌物抑制硫酸盐还原菌生长和繁殖;(4)用噬菌体杀死SRB。目前对方法(1)在油田和方法(2)在污水处理方面已做过很多研究和现场试验,对方法(3)和方法(4)也做过一些研究。这些方法都有各自的优点和缺点,本文对相关问题进行了分析。     

油田采出液中硝酸盐还原菌的分离培养及对硫酸盐还原菌的抑制研究

对绥中36-1油井B区油井采出液中的细菌进行分离培养及初步鉴定, 纯化出了一株生长旺盛、硝酸盐还原能力强的硝酸盐还原菌(Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria,NRB)菌株B92-1,对其进行了常规鉴定及16S rRNA分析,并进行了该菌株对富集的硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, SRB)的竞争性抑制实验.研究结果表明仅仅投加硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐作为电子受体,对其中硝酸盐还原菌的激活作用以及产抑制硫化物产生的能力有限,而同时加入分离自采出液的NRB则对硫酸盐还原菌的生长和产硫化物活性都产生了明显的抑制,并且亚硝酸盐的抑菌效果优于硝酸盐.     

几株反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及其生理生化特性的鉴定

为研究反硝化聚磷菌的生物学特性,通过吸磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验,从苏州某食品厂排放的废水中分离筛选出3株反硝化聚磷菌B4、B5和B6。经鉴定,分别属于沙雷菌菌属（Serrat／a）、拉恩菌菌属（Rahnella aquatilis）和不动杆菌菌属（Acinetobacter）。测定了这3株菌的生长曲线,研究了温度和pH值对这3株菌株的生长及脱氮除磷效能的影响。结果表明,B4、B5和B6菌株的生长和脱氮除磷反应最适温度均在30℃左右;在室温条件下,B4、B5和B6生长的最适pH为6．5～8．5;3株菌反硝化脱氮除磷反应的最佳pH值均为中性偏碱。     

耐酸性硫酸盐还原菌的驯化及处理硫酸盐的研究

采用Starkey培养基对硫酸盐还原菌进行培养,观察不同pH值下其生长特性,pH 5.0～10.0范围内菌种均可以生长,最适pH值为7.0.选择pH值为7.0扩培的菌株S7进行耐酸驯化,对驯化后的菌株进行多次传代,SO24-去除率稳步提高,能够稳定传代.驯化前后菌株通过革兰氏染色和电子显微镜观察,初步表明革兰氏染色特性和形态无显著性的变化,驯化后菌株比驯化前菌株表面更光滑.经驯化传代后的SRB可以在pH值4.0条件下生长,生长情况良好,SO24-去除率由驯化前的1%提高到驯化初期的15%、传代后进一步达32%,从而扩大硫酸盐还原菌的适应范围.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the