壳聚糖植入兔角膜的生物学反应

目的：探讨壳聚糖植入兔角膜的生物相容性，以评价其作为人组织工程角膜材料的可行性。方法：将壳聚糖材料制成的膜植入新西兰兔角膜的板层内，进行裂隙灯观察并进行组织病理学检查。结果：术后1周有结膜睫状充血，角膜水肿；2周后充血水肿逐渐消失。兔眼的情况稳定，术后2周角膜半透明；术后8周新生血管消退，材料与角膜的生物相容性好，材料部分吸收溶解，角膜透明。电镜超微结构检查可见兔角膜标本中材料内有角膜基质细胞长入，细胞胞浆较多，细胞器丰富，有大量的新生胶原。结论：壳聚糖与角膜组织具有良好的生物相容性，且能自然溶解吸收，可用作组织工程角膜的载体材料。     

兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞体外培养和增殖的研究

目的：研究兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞等3种细胞体外培养的生物学特性，探索和改进这3种细胞体外培养的方法，为组织工程角膜奠定基础。方法：采用消化法分离培养兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞，观察细胞贴壁生长情况，同时对生长良好的原代细胞进行消化传代，进一步观察传代细胞的形态和生长情况。结果：角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞均在培养48～72h贴壁生长，培养6～9d能形成良好单层，细胞形态典型，进行多次传代后细胞仍维持原有形态和功能，获得的细胞能进行长期培养。结论：为兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞体外培养，提供了简单高效经济的方法。     

角膜组织工程支架壳聚糖-胶原复合膜的性能

制备了壳聚糖-胶原角膜组织工程支架,考察了复合膜支架的光学性能、力学强度、结晶性、吸水率、亲水性、微观形貌及细胞亲和性,发现支架内胶原与壳聚糖两种分子间存在较强的相互作用,且具有良好的相容性,支架表面平滑均一,内部呈现层状有序结构．壳聚糖-胶原复合膜具有优异的透光率和适宜的湿态力学强度．细胞培养实验中,人角膜缘上皮细胞能在支架上较好地粘附和增殖分化,显示复合膜支架具有良好的细胞亲和性．结果表明壳聚糖-胶原复合膜有望成为一种性能良好的角膜组织工程支架．     

不同部位角膜上皮细胞体外增殖性的对比研究

为观察角膜缘、角膜周连及角膜中央部上皮细胞体外增殖的规律，确定角膜干细胞以选取体外培养角膜上皮细胞的部位。应用溴代脱氧尿嘧啶（Ｂｒｄｕ，胸腺嘧啶的类似物）掺入ＤＮＡ合成，抗－Ｂｒｄｕ单克隆免疫荧光抗体记标记细胞法，在流式细胞仪（ＦＡＣＳｔａｒ＾ｐｌｎｓ）上检测体培养的每一代角膜中央部、周边部及角膜缘上皮细胞增殖的情况。结果显示从第一代开始，角膜缘→角膜周边→角膜中央部上皮细胞增殖率逐渐递减；角膜缘     

壳聚糖-胶原基可注射水凝胶制备及生物相容性检测

制备了可注射的新型温敏性壳聚糖-甘油磷酸钠-胶原（chitosan-glycerophosphate-collagen,C-GP-Co）水凝胶并检测了其与脂肪间充质干细胞（adipose tissue-derived stem cells,ADSCs）的生物相容性．首先将体积分数2．2％的壳聚糖溶液与质量分数50％的B．甘油磷酸钠溶液按一定比例混合后,将2mg／mL胶原溶液加入上述溶液中混合得到壳聚糖-甘油磷酸钠-胶原水凝胶;随后用扫描电镜观察其微观结构,测定了37℃时的成胶时间并测量水凝胶中提取培养基的渗透压;最后将分离、培养和免疫表型鉴定后的ADSCs接种在C-GP—Co水凝胶中培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞的生长形态,并用Live／Dead Viability-Cytotoxieity试剂盒染色观察细胞凋亡状况,CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖情况．结果表明C—GP—Co水凝胶37℃的成胶时间为12min,水凝胶内部呈海绵状多孔结构,水凝胶中提取培养基的渗透压为310-330mmol／kg．培养7d后,C-GP-Co水凝胶表面的ADSCs贴壁生长,并显示出良好的细胞活性．上述结果表明制备的C-GP-Co水凝胶具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为ADSCs生长增殖的良好支架．     

葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖复合膜的制备及细胞相容性评价

采用溶液共混法制备了葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖复合膜,并测定了材料的吸水率等理化性能。模拟体内生理条件用溶菌酶对复合膜进行体外酶解实验,并与壳聚糖膜作了比较;以体外培养的小鼠成纤维细胞(N IH 3T 3)为对象,利用复合膜的浸渍液培养与膜材料表面直接培养法,同时结合复合膜的溶血反应实验,研究了复合膜的细胞相容性。结果表明:溶菌酶对复合膜的生物降解有促进作用,复合膜降解速率较壳聚糖膜快。四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)实验表明复合膜浸渍液对细胞无毒性效应,显微镜和扫描电镜显示N IH 3T 3在复合膜上能很好地贴附,生长旺盛。复合膜溶血率小于5%。葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖复合膜具有良好的生物降解性和细胞相容性。     

保存人羊膜用于角膜缘缺陷兔眼表面重建

探讨羊膜移植术在角膜缘缺陷兔眼表面的作用,建立兔全角膜缘缺陷的动物模型,移植眼早期应用保存的人羊膜移植于受损区域,对照眼常规保守治疗,观察其角膜新生管及上皮层愈合情况。愈合后1个月,取角膜,做普通病理及扫描电镜检查。结果显示对照眼角膜上皮层愈合较慢,新生血管粗大丰富,愈合后上皮层不稳定,含有杯状细胞。羊膜移植的眼表面上皮层愈合快,新生血管细小,愈合后的上皮层光滑,稳定, 杯状细胞主要分布于周边角膜。表明羊膜移植能促进上皮细胞移行、增殖、获管稳定的眼表层。羊膜移植后,上皮仍为结膜型上皮。     

壳聚糖-明胶共混膜湿热处理及FT-IR和XRD谱图分析

用流延法成功制备3种不同配比的壳聚糖-明胶共混膜,并对共混膜在不同湿度、不同温度条件下进行湿热处理。FT-IR谱图和XRD谱图分析表明,经湿热处理后壳聚糖-明胶共混膜内有类似胺形成。壳聚糖-明胶在热引导下发生类似交联并引起的结晶发生变化。延长湿热处理时间、提高处理温度均能使共混的无水结晶峰加强。     

BHK-21细胞在生物材料溶液中黏附及增殖比较

目的比较BHK-21细胞在3种生物材料溶液中黏附及增殖情况,探讨以类人胶原蛋白为基础制备组织工程材料的可行性。方法将BHK-21细胞分别种植于类人胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸以及共混溶液中,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞的黏附和生长情况,并利用MTT方法检测种植后1～5 d细胞的增殖情况。结果BHK-21细胞种植12 h,类人胶原蛋白、壳聚糖以及两者共混溶液能显著促进BHK的黏附(P<0.01);BHK-21细胞在类人胶原蛋白溶液及类人胶原蛋白与其他生物材料共混溶液中功能活跃,维持其形态且能持续增殖,其中类人胶原蛋白/壳聚糖共混溶液促细胞增殖能力最强。结论类人胶原蛋白能够维持BHK细胞的生长与繁殖,在组织工程领域是一种极有潜力的组织工程材料。     

兔尿道海绵体平滑肌细胞的原代培养及鉴定

目的为构建组织工程化尿道提供种子细胞。方法切取新西兰兔阴茎头．采用组织块贴壁培养法体外原代培养，光镜、HE染色等观察细胞形态，MTT法作生长曲线间接反应细胞增殖能力，以及免疫组化法鉴定细胞本质。结果经10～14d养后，培养瓶底铺满梭状细胞，呈明显的“峰一谷”样生长。免疫组化法鉴定确认为尿道海绵体平滑肌细胞。结论兔阴茎头平滑肌细胞组织块贴壁法培养简便可靠，细胞可大量扩增，可为于组织工程尿道构建的研究提供种子细胞。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that