复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、表观消化率和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料消化率以及抗氧化能力的影响,本试验设计了3种等氮等脂的饲料,其中:一组饲料含有25%(质量分数)鱼粉,记为基础组(D_1);另两组用CM2等蛋白替代基础饲料中部分鱼粉,使饲料鱼粉的质量分数分别为20%和15%,分别记做D2和D3组。以这3种饲料投喂初始体重为(0.65±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾,进行为期70 d的生长试验。结果表明:CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的成活率和生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),对虾体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分无显著差异(P0.05);D2组饲料干物质、能量和磷表观消化率显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);D1组蛋白质消化率最低,显著低于其他两组(P0.05),各组对虾血清的碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力均无显著差异(P0.05),但D2组对虾血清的过氧化物酶的酶活力显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶的酶活力和丙二醛含量在各试验组间均未见显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,复合蛋白CM2替代5%~10%(质量分数)的鱼粉,对凡纳滨对虾的摄食、生长和体组成无影响,并可提高饲料的表观消化率,且对凡纳滨对虾的非特异免疫、抗氧化指标和肠道炎症因子基因表达无显著影响。     

饥饿胁迫下凡纳滨对虾昼夜活动行为的变化

采用视频记录分析的方法,研究了饥饿胁迫下凡纳滨对虾活动行为的变化.结果表明:饥饿初期(1~4d),凡纳滨对虾白昼活动频率和游走速度与对照组无显著性差异;饥饿中期(5~8 d),白昼活动频率显著高于对照组水平;饥饿后期(9~12 d),昼夜活动频率和游走速度极显著低于对照组.在饥饿胁迫下,凡纳滨对虾采取降低活动水平的行为对策,减少能量消耗,将有限能量用于维持基本生命活动.     

不同玉米淀粉水平对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺脂肪代谢的影响

 采用8周的生长实验研究了以玉米淀粉为糖源的不同淀粉水平(w为10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%）对初始体质量为（0.96±0.02）g凡纳滨对虾的生长、体营养成分组成、肝胰脏显微结构和肝胰腺脂肪合成酶的影响。实验饲料中w(蛋白质)为38%;w(脂肪)＝5%。实验在室内循环水族箱内进行,实验用水为天然咸淡水（盐度：6‰～14‰）,6组饲料每组设3个重复,每箱30尾虾,饱食量投喂。实验结果表明:w(淀粉)＝15%实验组对虾的增质量率、SGR最高,分别为45362％和3.06,与w(淀粉)＝10%和w(淀粉)＝20%组无显著性差异,但明显高于其他各组;w〖WTBZ〗(淀粉)＝10%组的对虾成活率最高（96.67％）,w(淀粉)＝25％组最低（66.67％）;w(淀粉)在25%～35%时,对虾的增质量率、成活率、SGR显著低于w(淀粉)为10％、15％和20％组（P<0.05）。w(淀粉)＝20％组的体蛋白含量最低（72.24％）,w(淀粉)＝30％组最高（75.27％）,其余各组没有显著性差异;高淀粉组体脂肪含量相对较高。从凡纳滨对虾的肝胰脏组织学切片观察到,饲料w(淀粉)为10％～35％的范围内,肝胰脏脂肪无异常积累。肝胰腺中脂肪合成酶活性很低,苹果酸脱氢酶活性随饲料淀粉含量的增加而升高。总之,在饲料蛋白含量为w＝38%左右时,凡纳滨对虾饲料适宜的淀粉含量(w)为10％～20%。     

Raising experiment of Litopenaeus vannamei by fermented soybean meal and fermented mixed meal to substitute partial fish meal

利用发酵豆粕和发酵杂粕来代替鱼粉进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验.在发酵豆粕等氮替代10％鱼粉的对虾养殖试验中,发酵豆粕组与高鱼粉含量的对照组相比,凡纳滨对虾的生长非常接近,无显著性差异.在养殖结束时,凡纳滨对虾体质量与体长的比值要高于对照组.在发酵杂粕等氮替代10％鱼粉的对虾养殖试验中,发酵杂柏组与对照组及豆粕组相比,凡纳滨对虾的生长均无显著性差异.实验结果表明,发酵豆粕和发酵杂粕能部分替代鱼粉用于凡纳滨对虾的养殖.     

罗氏沼虾亲虾的能量代谢

在实验室中测定不同体质量(12．24～39．73g)和不同温度(20～32℃)条件下罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)亲虾的基础代谢,以探讨体质量和温度变化影响代谢的规律．结果表明,耗氧率(Ro)和氨氮排泄率(RN)随体质量(m)的增大而减少,其关系为Ro=1．6393m-0.4638和RN=0．79l5m-1.2780．体质量约20g的亲虾,其耗氧率和氨氮排泄率都随温度(θ)的升高而增大,其关系为Ro=0．169Oexp(0．1138θ)和RN=0．7×10-4exp(0．1981θ)．不同体质量亲虾的能源物质(代谢底物)的供能比有显著性的差异,体质量最小的一组亲虾,主要以蛋白质为能源,但随着体质量的增大,蛋白质所占的比例有减少的趋势,而脂肪的比例增加．体质量最大的一组亲虾,脂肪取代蛋白质成为最主要的供能特质,另一方面,低温(20℃)条件下,亲虾主要以脂肪为能源,但随着温度的升高,脂肪所占的比例有减少的趋势,而蛋白质的比例增加．高温(32℃)条件下,蛋白质取代脂肪成为最主要的供能物质．     

凡纳滨对虾体内大黄苷的药代动力学特征

【目的】研究大黄苷(Rhein)在凡纳滨对虾体内的吸收、分布和代谢规律,并制定临床给药方案。【方法】以5 mg/kg剂量的大黄苷一次性肌肉注射凡纳滨对虾,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测其在凡纳滨对虾血淋巴、肝胰脏、肌肉和鳃组织中的药物浓度-时间变化,并通过3P87软件进行数据处理,分析其在凡纳滨对虾体内的药代动力特征。【结果】大黄苷在4种组织里的达峰时间(Tmax)较早,分别为0.17 h、2.73 h、0.44 h、0.23 h;消除半衰期(T 1/2Ke)较短,分别为2.13 h、2.36 h、3.12 h、3.72 h;在房室模型选择上,大黄苷在4种组织中的最适药动模型均符合一级吸收一室模型。【结论】肌注大黄苷后,药物在凡纳滨对虾各组织中分布广泛、吸收快、清除能力强。大黄苷在凡纳滨对虾鳃部的浓度较高,这为利用其治疗凡纳滨对虾烂鳃病提供理论依据。     

盐度对凡纳滨对虾、中国明对虾和斑节对虾仔虾生长和存活的影响

为开发渤海滩涂对虾养殖业,研究盐度(30‰和45‰)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)和斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)仔虾生长和存活的影响.结果表明,经过10周的室内养殖,除斑节对虾外,凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾在不同盐度下生长无显著差异(P>0.05).凡纳滨对虾无论是在盐度30‰或45‰,其生长和成活率均显著高于中国明对虾和斑节对虾(P<0.05),表明凡纳滨对虾更适于高盐环境养殖.     

凡纳滨对虾池塘不同混养模式技术的研究

2010年、2011年利用"南美白对虾疫病政策性互助保险"这一平台,对慈溪市凡纳滨对虾生产进行了全面调查和分析。结果表明:(1)凡纳滨对虾池塘进行套养鱼类能有效提高对虾产量,降低饲料系数,2010年提高产量0.026 kg/m2;2011年提高产量0.029 kg/m2,饲料系数降低21.4%;(2)凡纳滨对虾池塘套养银鲫与鳙鱼模式,凡纳滨对虾池塘套养甲鱼模式其产量与效益均好于其它模式。     

亚致死温度热休克对凡纳滨对虾的保护作用

以亚致死温度(35 ℃)热休克凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei 2 h,再进行致死温度(40 ℃)热刺激,凡纳滨对虾的存活率为54.2%.以亚致死温度对凡纳滨对虾热休克2 h,正常水温(25±0.5)℃下分别恢复2、6、12和24 h,再对其进行白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)注射感染,得到凡纳滨对虾的平均存活时间分别为101.43、98.07、76.92和63.28 h,与未经35 ℃热休克的对照组的平均存活时间(46.89 h)相比,均存在极显著差异性(P<0.01).证明了适当的热休克应激,不仅能提高凡纳滨对虾对高温的热耐受性,还显著地增强了凡纳滨对虾对WSSV感染的抵抗性.     

盐度对凡纳滨对虾生长与免疫功能的影响

分析了盐度对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei(Boone)生长、耐低氧能力及一些免疫指标的影响.实验结果表明,其它环境因子相对恒定的条件下,凡纳滨对虾能在盐度5～30范围内生存、生长,其中:在盐度15～25环境中生长较快;盐度为25时凡纳滨对虾耐低氧能力最好,盐度下降至5时,耐低氧能力显著下降;5～10的低盐环境使凡纳滨对虾血细胞密度、溶菌活力明显下降,在盐度15～25的环境中凡纳滨对虾抗菌活力、溶菌活力最高,PO活性和SOD活性表达与体液抗菌活力、溶菌活力没有直接相关性.β-葡聚糖可提高凡纳滨对虾对低盐度和盐度变化的适应能力,但对个体生长没有影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with