关联规则研究综述

关联规则挖掘是近年来数据挖掘研究中一个相当活跃的领域.本文给出了关联规则及相关术语的定义,对关联规则挖掘中的频繁模式、频繁闭模式、最大频繁模式、并行/分布式挖掘及增量挖掘算法作了简单评述,着重介绍了近三年来发表的一些新算法,并对未来的发展趋势进行了预测和展望.     

属性受限状态下低维冗余聚类数据快速挖掘方法研究

针对传统数据挖掘方法存在挖掘精度低、速度慢、占用内存多而不适于实际应用等缺点,提出一种属性受限状态下低维冗余聚类数据挖掘方法。通过计算低维冗余聚类数据的支持度,把低维冗余聚类数据挖掘问题转变成频繁项集挖掘问题;利用支持度与可信度对关联规则产生结果进行评价,并添加属性对其进行限制,以减少无用规则的产生。通过属性位复用方法建立候选区域,产生关联规则集,对符合关联规则集的低维冗余数据进行聚类,实现对其挖掘。实验结果表明,通过所提方法对属性受限状态下低维冗余数据进行挖掘,挖掘速度快,结果可靠。     

属性受限状态下低维冗余聚类数据快速挖掘方法

针对传统数据挖掘方法存在挖掘精度低、速度慢、占用内存多而不适于实际应用等缺点,提出一种属性受限状态下低维冗余聚类数据挖掘方法。通过计算低维冗余聚类数据的支持度,把低维冗余聚类数据挖掘问题转变成频繁项集挖掘问题;利用支持度与可信度对关联规则产生结果进行评价,并添加属性对其进行限制,以减少无用规则的产生。通过属性位复用方法建立候选区域,产生关联规则集,对符合关联规则集的低维冗余数据进行聚类,实现对其挖掘。实验结果表明,通过所提方法对属性受限状态下低维冗余数据进行挖掘,挖掘速度快,结果可靠。     

基于概念格和Apriori的关联规则挖掘算法分析

概念格通过概念的内涵和外延及泛化和例化之间的关系来表示知识,因而适用于从数据库中挖掘规则的问题描述;在概念格的内涵中引入等价关系并将其外延量化,得到量化概念格;利用量化概念格挖掘关联规则,与采用Apriori算法计算频繁项目集获取关联规则相比较,不需要计算频繁项目集,容易获得用户感兴趣的关联规则,同时减少了大量冗余的规则,提高了挖掘效率。     

改进的关联规则挖掘算法-MIFP-Apriori算法

Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘的经典算法,具有原理简洁、易编程实现等优点,得到广泛应用。针对该算法扫描数据库次数过多,产生大量冗余候选集的缺陷,在现有Apriori算法改进优化思想的基础上,结合矩阵、改进频繁模式树和计算候选集频数优化策略提出了一种改进的关联规则挖掘算法——MIFP-Apriori算法。实验表明,该算法能够将扫描数据库次数降低到一次,有效解决产生大量冗余候选集的缺陷,提高算法效率。     

基于关联规则与相似度的数据挖掘算法研究

针对使用传统关联规则算法挖掘大数据集时,挖掘过程中效率不高,挖掘出大量冗余规则的问题,提出了基于关联规则和相似度的数据挖掘算法(U-APR):首先,一次性读入数据并构建矩阵,并利用关联规则支持度度量的特性来增加判断属性,以加快结束迭代过程,从而改进了Apriori算法频繁扫描数据库问题;然后,使用相似度算法去除冗余的关联规则;最后,结合置信度、支持度和用户目标匹配度对挖掘结果进行排序输出,从而得到用户感兴趣的关联规则. 同时,应用该算法与目前常用的2种关联规则算法对广东某高校学生财务数据进行数据挖掘. 实验结果表明:与2种常用的关联规则算法相比,U-APR算法缩短了运算时间和提高了存储空间利用率,对用户分析挖掘结果有较好的优化效果.     

模糊关联规则格的规则提取

针对模糊属性事务数据库提取模糊关联规则的问题,采用模糊概念格与模糊关联规则相结合的方法,实现格节点与属性项集的对应关系,提出模糊关联规则格理论,在渐进式建格算法基础上对格节点相应修改,给出了适用于动态数据库的模糊关联规则格的构建思想.利用模糊关联规则格挖掘关联规则,与采用Apriori算法计算频繁项目集获取规则相比较,容易获得用户感兴趣的关联规则,同时减少冗余规则的生成,使挖掘算法得到优化.     

一种无冗余的关联规则发现算法

关联规则是数据挖掘的重要研究内容之一,而传统算法生成的关联规则之间存在着大量的冗余规则。本文提出了一种通用的由量大频繁项目集生成无冗余关联规则的GNRR算法,利用规则之间的冗余关系,按一定顺序挖掘不同的规则,消除了规则之间的冗余性,使发现的规则数目呈指数倍减少。     

应用立方体工具计算频繁维谓词集的方法

关联规则是数据挖掘中重要的挖掘模式,数据立方体很适合挖掘多维关联规则,多维关联规则挖掘中最重要的工作是频繁维谓词集的获得.具体应用OLAPServices工具有效获得频繁维谓词集的具体方法现有书籍介绍较少.通过一个高校学生信息系统的实际例子,对经由数据立方和MDX语言对有效计算频繁维谓词集的方法进行了有意的探索.     

概念格在频繁模式挖掘中的应用研究

频繁模式挖掘是数据挖掘研究中的关键问题之一,在关联规则等领域应用广泛.概念格是数据分析和知识表示的一种有效工具,适用于从数据库中挖掘规则的问题描述.分析了概念格在频繁模式挖掘的应用,包括对普通事务项集、序列项集及格、树和图等复杂结构的挖掘;讨论了概念格构造优化的必要性及两类主要的优化方法属性约简和剪枝概念格;并对关联规则提取的方法的优劣进行了基本比较,最后探讨了概念格未来的研究方向.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that