真空预冷处理提高草莓与蟠桃的冷藏品质

研究常规真空预冷和真空喷水预冷处理对果实降温速率的影响.设定草莓和蟠桃的预冷终温分别为1℃和5℃,预冷终压范围为300~900Pa,进行常规真空预冷和真空喷水预冷试验研究,测定果实内部温度随时间的变化规律和失水率,分析不同处理条件对果实降温速率的影响.将预冷后的果实和对照组一起置于4℃下冷藏,测定果实硬度、Vc含量等品质指标的变化情况,给出满足最快降温和最佳贮藏品质的处理条件.结果表明,在相同预冷时间内,果实个体直径越小,预冷终压越低,则预冷结束时果实温度越低,降温速度越快.草莓和蟠桃在预冷终压300Pa下降温速率最大,冷却效果最佳.采用真空喷水冷却能有效提高草莓的降温速率,减少其内部自由水损失,有利于草莓保鲜.     

真空槽内不同装载率对真空预冷效果的影响

当真空预冷设备结构一定时，预冷工艺过程主要由预冷果蔬品种及装载率决定。通过分析预冷过程中槽内压力的动态变化过程，讨论了质交换系数及装载率对槽内压力的影响．在此基础上，进行了多棵白菜、单棵白菜、生菜及蘑菇的真空预冷试验，装载率分别为53．6％、3.76％、11．2％和20．5％．试验结果表明，装载率较大时，槽内压力能保持在一个较高的值，从而防止预冷果蔬表面结冰现象；对于质传递系数较大的果蔬，装载率可以低一些，从而缩小预冷时间。因此在进行真空预冷时要根据果蔬种类确定装载率。     

预冷工艺、包装形式和化学处理冷却肉对出水率的影响

影响冷却肉出水率的诸多因素中,预冷工艺、包装形式最为显著.采用了不同的预冷工艺、包装形式、化学处理方式对冷却肉出水率进行研究,结果表明:0～2℃使冷却肉充分预冷可降低冷却肉出水率,缩短预冷时间和增加胴体间距可降低出水率;真空包装可以有效降低冷却肉的出水率;化学处理可以显著地降低冷却肉出水率.     

LNG低温储罐预冷技术研究

LNG低温储罐是整个LNG接收站中最重要的设备,具有投资额度大、施工周期长等特点。在储罐投用前的预冷是最为关键的调试工作,储罐冷却危险性大,控制难度高。以实际的大型LNG低温储罐为例,介绍了储罐机械完工后的主要调试工作,重点阐述了储罐预冷相关技术,包括冷却方法、冷却系统、喷嘴选型、冷却喷淋量计算、前提条件、预冷过程等内容。     

预冷变形65Mn弹簧钢连续冷却转变过程的研究

本文论述了65Mn弹簧钢预冷变形的生产工艺及有关的热处理参数,给出预冷变形的临界冷却速度的详细测定和“C”曲线图。     

花卉果蔬的真空预冷及预冷气调保鲜贮藏技术

介绍了花卉果蔬的真空预冷和预冷气调保鲜贮藏的原理和设备、以及发展趋势和经济效益 .该技术与花卉果蔬的其它保鲜贮藏技术相比 ,具有明显优势 ,应在我国大力发展     

真空冷却中失水率问题研究

提出了无效失水、无效失水率以及当量失水率的概念来研究食品在真空冷却中的失水问题,从数量上评判食品真空冷却效果及失水程度.利用食品真空冷却实验台,以水作为样品,采用不同形状的盛水容器及遮挡物进行真空冷却降温实验.结果表明,用广口杯进行真空冷却具有很好的降温效果,甚至能结冰,但是失水非常严重;而采用较大空隙的遮挡物或细长的容器,不论降温还是降低无效失水,同样能获得理想的结果.     

真空冷却工艺对贡丸品质的影响研究

真空冷却技术是保持贡丸品质和延长贡丸产品流通中货架期的一种有效方法。以质量损失率、色差、过氧化值和酸价等为衡量指标,对真空条件下不同的冷却温度对贡丸品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：贡丸采用真空冷却工艺可以快速降温,质地明显优于常压冷却,可在一定程度上保持其嫩度;但随着温度的降低,贡丸的剪切力增加,在20℃时达到最大值5．7 N ;真空冷却温度对贡丸色泽无明显影响。在过氧化值和酸价方面,真空冷却可以减缓贡丸的脂质氧化,有利于贡丸产品货架期的延长。     

高质量、高节能的锻(轧)余热等温正火新技术

针对合金渗碳钢锻(轧)件,研发了一种新的利用锻造余热等温正火热处理工艺。这种新工艺必须精确控制6个参数(1.预冷Ⅰ;2.预冷Ⅱ;3.等温前的最小冷却速度;4.等温前的最低冷却温度;5.等温保持温度;6.等温保持时间),这些参数可以使用研发的专家系统,在生产线上实现精确控制,从而确保正火各项技术要求得以实现。由于可以大量节能(每吨钢件可节电约400 kW.h)和处理产品质量优异,因而是汽车等渗碳钢件最佳的预先热处理。     

菜心采后生理及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了采后菜心的外观品质和营养品质,以及相关的生理生化变化,并对近年来国内外菜心贮藏保鲜技术进行了综述.目前,菜心常见的保鲜技术包括物理保鲜技术(真空预冷及低温、气调、薄膜、臭氧、辐射)、化学保鲜技术(植物生长调节剂:褪黑素、茉莉酸甲酯等;化学药剂:二氧化氯、苯并噻重氮等)和生物保鲜技术(涂膜保鲜、基因工程),分析了采...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that