Zum Problem des Stoffwechsels der Brenztraubensäurein vivo

Summary In the end-stage of progressive alloxan diabetes of the rabbit we have been able to overcome the acute pyruvic acidosis by the use of phosphorylated vitamin B₁ (cocarboxylase) together with vitamin B₂, while it is impossible to cure the endogen hyperpyruviæmia with simple vitamin B₁. The superiority of the coferment over the vitamin, which is only effective at the beginning of the decompensation, implies the existence of a disturbance in the phosphorylation during the crisis of diabetic metabolism. We have been successful in preventing the inevitable death in coma of diabetic rabbits by doses of cocarboxylase + riboflavin, and we were able to keep them alive by continuous doses of insulin together with vitamin B₁ and B₂.

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Ein Teil der Experimente wurde mit Unterstützung der Roche-Studienstiftung durchgeführt.     

Über die Spezifität der «TEE-Methode» zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Ascorbinsäure und Gesamt-Vitamin-C im frischen Pflanzenmaterial

Summary The following substances, which occur naturally in plants, do not interfere with the titration of ascorbic acid with 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DIP): reduced glutathione, cystein, pyrogallole, brenzcatechin, hydrochinone, tannin, glucose and fructose. This is also true for the titration with DIP of high unphysiological concentrations of these substances dissolved in HPO₃ solution.

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Ein Teil der vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde im Rahmen einer grösseren Arbeit² durchgeführt.     

Über den enzymatischen Zuckerumbau in Nektarien

Summary The nectaries ofEuphorbia pulcherrima secrete small quantities of invertase. This secretion is more independent of environmental factors than the production of sugar sap. Floating on C¹⁴-glucose the nectaries transform this sugar into fructose and saccharose. From these statements it is concluded that the nectaries are not merely valvelike organs for the exsudation of phloem sap, but that they represent real glands with a characteristic active metabolism.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde durch Mittel der Fritz-Hoffmann-La-Roche-Stiftung zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsgemeinschaften in der Schweiz ermöglicht. Wir danken bestens für die Unterstützung.     

Über die Sekretion saccharosespaltender Transglukosidasen im pflanzlichen Nektar

Summary The phloem sap ofRobinia Pseud-Acacia contains only sucrose and does not possess invertase activity. A sucrase is, however, present in nectar collected fromRobinia flowers: this enzyme identified as a transglucosidase, liberates greater amounts of fructose than of glucose from sucrose. Enzymic activity apparently commences 2–5 days before the flowers are fully open.

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Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen erfolgten im Rahmen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Prof. Dr.A. Frey-Wyssling, Zürich, und Dr.A. Maurizio, Bern, mit Unterstützung der Fritz-Hoffmann-La-Roche-Stiftung zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsgemeinschaften in der Schweiz.     

Le transaminasi negli stati di deficienza di cocarbossilasi

Summary Pyruvic and -ketoglutaric acid transaminase is increased in -ketoacidosis caused in guinea pigs and rats by cocarboxylase deficiency (avitaminosis C, alloxan diabetes). Fructose administration not only normalizes the increased concentration of ketoacids and the decreased cocarboxylase activity, but also the increased amount of transaminase. It is suggested that in -ketoacidosis from transaminable ketoacids the increased transaminating activity might be substitute for reduced cocarboxylase activity.     

Komplex-Stabilität und tuberkulostatische Aktivität einiger 8-Oxychinolinderivate

Summary Based on polarographic viz. spectrophotometric determinations of the stabilities of several Cu⁺⁺- and Co⁺⁺⁺ hydroxyquinolin complexes it has been shown that a correlation exists between the quotient of complex-stabilitiesK _Co ⁺⁺⁺ /K _Cu ⁺⁺ and antitubercular activity (cf. table and graph). This supports the hypothesis that the 8-hydroxyquinolin derivatives and analogues act by competitive antagonism; the Cu⁺⁺-hydroxy-quinolates are able to replace Co in a prosthetic group of Mycobacterium-enzyme with Cu.

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Vorgetragen an der Organisch-Chemischen Konferenz des Vereines ungarischer Chemiker, 27. September 1953.

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III. Mitteilung: Acta chim. Hungarica (im Druck).     

Action d'un hépatome ascitique du rat sur les acides nucléiques du pancréas et du rein

Summary Animals having an ascites hepatoma show an increase in the incorporation of P³² into ribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid of the pancreas, whereas no change is seen in the kidneys. The variations noted in the pancreas may be compared with those observed previously in the liver and the adrenals. It can therefore be presumed that a substance which stimulates biosynthesis or disrupts the normal metabolic balance is produced by the ascites cells.

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Travail effectué avec l'aide matérielle de l'Institut National d'Hygiène.     

Über Struktur und Aktivität der den H2O2-Zerfall katalysierenden Cu2+-Komplexe. — VI. Differenzierung von nativer RNS und nativer DNS bzw. denaturierter DNS auf Grund der katalytischen Eigenschaften

Summary The catalysis of H₂O₂ decomposition by Cu²⁺-complexes of RNA and DNA has been investigated. It is shown that both complexes decompose H₂O₂, but only the Cu²⁺-RNA-system shows peroxidative activity too, e.g. only in this case the nucleotide bases are degraded. Thermal denaturation of DNA also leads to a Cu²⁺-complex with peroxidative activity, the latter being dependent on the degree of denaturation.

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V. Mitteilung:S. Petri, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 1778 (1966).

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12. Mitteilung überMetallionen und H ₂ O ₂; 11. Mitteilung:H. Ch. Curtius, P. Anders, R. Zell, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 2256 (1966).     

Autoradiographische Studien über die DNS-Synthese im Hypophysenvorderlappen der Ratte

Summary By autoradiographic studies with H³-thymidine it is demonstrated that the percentage of labelled nuclei is very low in the anterior pituitary of normal untreated rats and of rats 14 days after thyreoidectomy. Following castration, however, a marked increase of DNA-synthesizing cells occurs as well as an increase of mitotic figures.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und das Bundesministerium für Wissenschaftliche Forschung.     

Place de la prolyl hydroxylase dans la synthèse du collagène de cellules KB

Summary KB cells, which synthetized collagen at a low rate, shown a prolyl hydroxylase activity at the same rate that fibroblast. The relationship between collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in these cells was discussed.

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Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide du CNRS (AI n^o 031218 et RCP n^o 08533) et de l'U.E.R. de Biologie Humaine de l'Université de Lyon.     

Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen der Esteraseaktivität in normalen Granulozyten,normalen Lymphozyten und in leukämischen Zellen

Summary A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the carboxylic esterases of normal granulocytes, normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells was performed. In the myeloid leukemic cells and in the lymphatic leukemic cells, the esterase activity was significantly increased. By means of electrophoretic fractionation, four zones with esterase activity were detected in normal granulocytes and lymphocytes; the electrophoretic pattern of the leukemic cells was similar to that of the normal cells.

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Diese Forschung wurde vom Fonds des Lady Tata Memorial Trust unterstützt.     

Etude de l'influence d'une microsporidiose sur les électrophorégrammes (protéinogramme et zymogramme) des protéines de l'hémolymphe deCarcinus mediterraneus (Crustacé, Brachyoure)

Summary The use of the method of concentration gradient of polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresis has permitted to reveal a difference in zymograms when studying the hemolymph of healthy crabs and that of crabs parasitized by the muscular microsporidaThelohania, maenadis., The zymograms of the parasitized crabs present an increase in chymotrypsin activity and variations in the zones of esterase activity.

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Contribution n^o 1 du Centre de Parasitologie et de Pathologie comparées de l'Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, F-34060 Montpellier Cédex.     

Untersuchungen über die alkylierende Wirkung von14C-Methylnitrosoharnstoff und 1-14C-Äthylnitrosoharnstoff

Summary Alkylation of RNA from brain, liver and kidney in rats after application of¹⁴C-methylnitrosourea and 1-¹⁴C-ethylnitrosourea was investigated. After administration of¹⁴C-methylnitrosourea the amount of 7-methylguanine in the RNA of brain and liver is about the same. Analogic experiments using 1-¹⁴C-ethylnitrosourea showed no alkylation of the RNA in the organs investigated. This leads to the conclusion that there is no direct correlation between the alkylation of RNA and organotropic carcinogenic activity of the compounds studied.

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Herrn Professor Dr.O. Eichler zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Zum Proliferations-Stoffwechsel der Rattenleber nach Teilhepatektomie. Autoradiographische Untersuchungen mit3H-Cytidin,-Phenylalanin und -Thymidin

Summary During the first wave of parenchymal liver regeneration in adult rats after partial hepatectomy, the cellular synthesis and migration of RNA and the metabolism of protein were studied by autoradiography following an injection of³H-cytidine or³H-l-phenylalanine and double injections of 1 of these precursors +³H-thymidine. The following results were obtained: the synthesis and migration of RNA and the metabolism of protein are enhanced under these conditions of proliferation. In spite of this, the relation of metabolic activity in nucleolus, karyoplasm and cytoplasm remains constant. By double injection techniques it is proved that no differences exist in migration of RNA into the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic protein synthesis between cells with or without DNA synthesizing nuclei.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Effets d'un inhibiteur béta-adrénergique,l'aténolol,sur l'activité efférente du nerf rénal chez le lapin

Summary Postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity (renal nerve) decreased significantly during i.v. infusion of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug, atenolol, in anesthetized rabbits. This phenomenon, at least in part reflex in nature, may contribute to the hypotensive effect of atenolol.

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Travail réalisé dans le cadre d'un contrat INSERM, ATP n^o 15.75.38.     

Activité gonadotrope d'un extrait d'urines de femmes en ménopause

Summary In agreement with earlier observations on hypophysectomized male rats, a purified extract from pooled menopausal urine has been shown to contain follicle-stimulating (FSH) as well as luteinizing (LH) activity. Its administration to immature hypophysectomized female rats increased ovarian and uterine weights and induced follicle growth and the formation of corpora lutea. If the activity of the extract is measured in standardized units by bioassay in intact female mice using the uterine weight, the dose needed for corpus luteum formation in the hypophysectomized female rat seems to be approximately ten times higher than the dose producing interstitial cell repair and complete spermatogenesis in the hypophysectomized male.

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2^e Communication: Effets sur les ovaires de rates impubères hypophysectomisées.     

Bestimmung des α-2-Makroglobulinumsatzes beim Menschen

Summary The turnover of ₂-macroglobulins was measured by quantitative precipitation of the I¹³¹-marked protein, using a specific antiserum. In 6 normal persons, the half-life was found to be between 192 and 267 h. The catabolic rates in relation to the intravascular pool range between 437 and 703 mg/day

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Etude de l'activité adénosinetriphosphatasique et hexokinasique de cristallins de lapins soumis à une irradiation locale par les rayons X

Summary The irradiation of the lens by a simple dose of 1400 r, gives a very important and lasting reduction of its hexokinase activity. Its ATPase activity shows an increase during the first four days and a return to normal again. The variations observed here (that isin vivo) are different from the ones noted after irradiation of these enzymesin vitro.

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Travail effectué avec le concours matériel de l'Institut National d'Hygiène.     

Myofibrillar ATPase activities of red and white myotomal muscles of marine fish

Zusammenfassung Die Ca⁺⁺-und nicht-Ca⁺⁺-abhängige ATPase-Aktivität von isolierten Myofibrillen der roten und weissen Muskeln von drei Meerfischen wurde gemessen und festgestellt, dass die weissen Muskeln eine höhere Aktivität besitzen.

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I. A. Johnston was in receipt of a Science Research Council Research Studentship.

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This work was also supported by a Natural Environment Research Council grant to Dr.G. Goldspink.