激光光镊拉曼光谱技术的鼻咽癌研究展望

激光光镊拉曼光谱技术是光镊技术与拉曼光谱技术交叉融合的产物,能够用于生理条件下单细胞拉曼光谱的测量和分析,已成为细胞生物学、医学研究中不可缺少的重要工具.综述回顾了激光光镊拉曼光谱测量系统理论和技术的发展,展望了全息光镊、声镊、光电镊、光泳镊等新型光镊与拉曼光谱系统融合的前景;根据激光光镊拉曼光谱技术的特点,系统梳理、...     

光镊技术在生命科学研究中的发展与应用

介绍了光镊技术的原理和系统结构,追踪了光镊操作和探测技术从微米到纳米的进展,最后给出了纳米光镊在生物技术领域的应用.     

飞秒光镊技术的研究进展

因在光镊及超短激光脉冲方面开创性的工作,A. Ashkin、G. Mourou和D. Strickland分享了2018年度诺贝尔物理学奖。本文概述了将超短激光脉冲和光镊相结合的飞秒光镊技术的研究进展。简要介绍了飞秒光镊技术的基本原理,重点介绍了飞秒光镊技术中的非线性光学效应和光学捕获动力学行为,最后讨论了飞秒光镊技术中的调控手段,展望了飞秒光镊技术的发展前景。     

光纤光镊在生物系统中的应用

对生物细胞及大分子进行无接触、无损伤、高精度的捕获及操控,是目前集成光子学、生物光子学及临床医学等交叉学科领域的国际研究热点之一。本文总结了目前光纤光镊在生物系统中的重要应用,特别是光纤光镊在单细胞操控、多细胞组装及生物细胞成像与探测领域的研究进展。因其具有制备简单、可操控及体积小等优点,光纤光镊在细胞生长、组织分化、疾病诊断与断层显微术等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

激光对生物体的力学作用

本文比较了光力大小,分析了激光捕获生物粒子的物理机理,报导了用了不同模式的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ和Ａｒ＋激光,在４０位显微物镜下,操纵生物样品的实验结果,为激光光镊的力学特性及其应用研究提供了实验依据。     

捕获与观测纳米粒子技术的进展

光镊是20世纪末激光技术领域的重大发明．它应用光的力学效应有效地操控微小粒子，用于研究纳微尺度下物质相互作用，探讨微观机制，解读生命规律。     

基于电动现象的细胞光镊阱力测量

提出了一种新的细胞光阱力标定的实验方法，利用细胞电泳原理，设计并研制了一套符合用光镊测力的电动样品池系统，用它替代单光镊操作系统中的普通样品池和高精密压电位移驱动平台，可以用电压调控细胞运动速度，系统相对简单、经济．实验测量结果为：在2～18V／cm电压梯度范围内，酵母细胞的运动速度与电压梯度成正线性关系，即在皮牛量级以下，最大光阱力与光镊光源的功率成线性增加关系．测量结果表明，该方法可实现对细胞光阱力的测量，还可用来测量细胞表面电量．     

光阱pN量级阱力的流体力学法测量系统

根据流体力学的分析 ,研究并计算了适合光镊操作生物粒子的无限大平板流场特性和流场分布 ,设计并研制了一套符合光镊pN(皮牛 )量级力测量的液体微循环系统和样品池 ,其液体微流量分流器和缓冲器解决了蠕动泵脉冲缺点 .实际测量和光阱力测试结果显示该系统满足光阱pN量级力的测量要求 .     

贝塞尔光镊颗粒物观测系统的设计研究

搭建贝塞尔光镊颗粒物观测系统。通过圆锥透镜产生贝塞尔光, 利用贝塞尔光施加的光压力和反向气流施加的阻力, 稳定地悬浮气溶胶颗粒物。结合弹性光散射信号, 实现对气溶胶单颗粒粒径和折射率的测量。该系统还可用于研究不同环境条件下气溶胶的吸湿性、挥发性以及折射率等物理化学性质。     

光力学方法在机械设计上的应用

介绍光力学方法在机械设计上的应用及光力学的几种分析技术和应用范围，列举作者在过去几年所做的研究成果，进一步证明这些方法的工程实用价值。     

Making light work with optical tweezers.

Microscopic objects, including biological material, can be remotely manipulated with tightly focused beams of infrared laser light. The use of optical traps, or 'optical tweezers', holds great promise for noninvasive micromanipulation and mechanical measurement in cell biology. Optical tweezers are the 'tractor beams' of today's technology.     

Simultaneous micromanipulation in multiple planes using a self-reconstructing light beam

Optical tweezers are commonly used for manipulating microscopic particles, with applications in cell manipulation, colloid research, manipulation of micromachines and studies of the properties of light beams. Such tweezers work by the transfer of momentum from a tightly focused laser to the particle, which refracts and scatters the light and distorts the profile of the beam. The forces produced by this process cause the particle to be trapped near the beam focus. Conventional tweezers use gaussian light beams, which cannot trap particles in multiple locations more than a few micrometres apart in the axial direction, because of beam distortion by the particle and subsequent strong divergence from the focal plane. Bessel beams, however, do not diverge and, furthermore, if part of the beam is obstructed or distorted the beam reconstructs itself after a characteristic propagation distance. Here we show how this reconstructive property may be utilized within optical tweezers to trap particles in multiple, spatially separated sample cells with a single beam. Owing to the diffractionless nature of the Bessel beam, secondary trapped particles can reside in a second sample cell far removed ( approximately 3 mm) from the first cell. Such tweezers could be used for the simultaneous study of identically prepared ensembles of colloids and biological matter, and potentially offer enhanced control of 'lab-on-a-chip' and optically driven microstructures.     

A revolution in optical manipulation

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.     

Verification of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and recovery of RNA folding free energies

Atomic force microscopes and optical tweezers are widely used to probe the mechanical properties of individual molecules and molecular interactions, by exerting mechanical forces that induce transitions such as unfolding or dissociation. These transitions often occur under nonequilibrium conditions and are associated with hysteresis effects-features usually taken to preclude the extraction of equilibrium information from the experimental data. But fluctuation theorems allow us to relate the work along nonequilibrium trajectories to thermodynamic free-energy differences. They have been shown to be applicable to single-molecule force measurements and have already provided information on the folding free energy of a RNA hairpin. Here we show that the Crooks fluctuation theorem can be used to determine folding free energies for folding and unfolding processes occurring in weak as well as strong nonequilibrium regimes, thereby providing a test of its validity under such conditions. We use optical tweezers to measure repeatedly the mechanical work associated with the unfolding and refolding of a small RNA hairpin and an RNA three-helix junction. The resultant work distributions are then analysed according to the theorem and allow us to determine the difference in folding free energy between an RNA molecule and a mutant differing only by one base pair, and the thermodynamic stabilizing effect of magnesium ions on the RNA structure.     

Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images

The ability to manipulate biological cells and micrometre-scale particles plays an important role in many biological and colloidal science applications. However, conventional manipulation techniques--including optical tweezers, electrokinetic forces (electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, travelling-wave dielectrophoresis), magnetic tweezers, acoustic traps and hydrodynamic flows--cannot achieve high resolution and high throughput at the same time. Optical tweezers offer high resolution for trapping single particles, but have a limited manipulation area owing to tight focusing requirements; on the other hand, electrokinetic forces and other mechanisms provide high throughput, but lack the flexibility or the spatial resolution necessary for controlling individual cells. Here we present an optical image-driven dielectrophoresis technique that permits high-resolution patterning of electric fields on a photoconductive surface for manipulating single particles. It requires 100,000 times less optical intensity than optical tweezers. Using an incoherent light source (a light-emitting diode or a halogen lamp) and a digital micromirror spatial light modulator, we have demonstrated parallel manipulation of 15,000 particle traps on a 1.3 x 1.0 mm2 area. With direct optical imaging control, multiple manipulation functions are combined to achieve complex, multi-step manipulation protocols.     

基于拉曼镊子的发酵过程单细胞分析：应用与展望

微生物发酵是个复杂的过程,而细胞间的异质性对微生物发酵性能有重要的影响。通过单细胞分析了解微生物细胞的异质性,利于发酵环境的优化,从而减少细胞间的异质性,提高发酵性能。整合显微拉曼光谱和光学微操控的拉曼镊子是实时、无损、无须标记且快速灵敏的单细胞分析方法。本文重点回顾拉曼镊子在聚酯、类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸、生物乙醇以及重组蛋白等发酵生产过程中的应用,并分析其在应用上存在的不足。在克服自身不足、融合新的分析技术与数据处理方法后,拉曼镊子将是了解细胞异质性、认知复杂生物过程的有力手段。     

高地温地下工程支护混凝土研究现状及进展

在系统分析高温对混凝土水化硬化的影响机理以及高温对混凝土结构带来的温度应力、强度和耐久性问题的基础上,针对高地温地下支护混凝土的研究和应用,总结了高温对围岩与喷射混凝土黏结强度、力学性能的作用机制,随后分别对矿物掺合料、轻质骨料、纤维等外掺料在提高混凝土的隔热性以及增强、阻裂等方面进行了综述,结果表明:矿物掺合料可降低...     

LED灯泡的光热耦合研究

从LED芯片、LED荧光粉两个方面入手,综述了当前多种LED灯泡光热耦合理论与模型的研究进展,并且对研究方法进行评述,展望了LED灯泡光热耦合的进一步研究方向,对实际研究和应用具有一定作用。     

自密实轻骨料混凝土的研究现状

自密实轻骨料混凝土（Self-Compacting Lightweight Concrete）是在自密实混凝土的基础上发展起来的,它是用轻骨料代替普通骨料,配制成的一种新型高性能混凝土（High-performance con-crete）,具有良好的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能,它的研究应用已成为当今混凝土结构发展的...