厦门白鹭卵的重金属含量分析

采用原子吸收法测定及比较厦门白鹭自然保护区鸡屿岛的白鹭(Egretta garzetta)卵的4种重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn)含量.结果表明,在白鹭卵的混合内含物当中或者在卵清和卵黄当中,4种重金属的含量都是Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd,在卵壳当中的含量则是Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞Cd;白鹭卵壳的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为22.594±2.383 μg/g,3.534±0.390 μg/g,11.850±1.877 μg/g,26.802±1.649(wet mass);白鹭卵清的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为0.506±0.110 μg/g,0.180±0.032 μg/g,2.837±0.786 μg/g,10.389±0.361 μg/g(wet mass);白鹭卵黄的的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量分别为0.965±0.131 μg/g,0.537±0.092 μg/g,4.667±0.335 μg/g,13.536±0.327 μg/g(wet mass);白鹭卵壳的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量显著高于卵清和卵黄内的(p＜0.05),卵黄内的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量高于卵清内的(p＜0.05).这表明鸟类能通过将过多的或不需要的重金属分泌到卵壳而排出体外,由此调整体内的元素平衡.     

厦门几种猛禽体内的重金属分布

测定厦门4种猛禽:草鸮(Tytocapensis)、东方角鸮(Otus sunia)、燕隼(Falco subbuteo)和红隼(Falcotinnunculus)体内铜、锌、铅、镉的含量,研究以上4种元素在猛禽不同组织中的分布规律.结果表明:在草鸮和东方角鸮的5种组织中,羽毛、肌肉、肝脏和心脏的重金属分布规律是Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd,在骨头中为Zn＞Pb＞Cu＞Cd;在燕隼和红隼体内5种组织中的重金属分布规律也为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd.Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd在猛禽的肝脏、心脏以及骨骼中的含量较高,而在肌肉中的含量较低.猛禽体内的重金属含量主要受环境污染程度、食性以及鸟类富集重金属能力的影响.     

南昌市常见鸟类对环境中Cu、Pb、Cd重金属污染物的指示作用研究

鸟类是环境监测的代表性指示生物之一,为研究南昌市Cu、Pb、Cd的重金属污染状况,于2009年4～11月,在南昌市鸟类主要林栖地收集了6种鸟类(牛背鹭、燕子、白鹭、斑鸠、麻雀、白头鹎),用原子吸收法分别测定了这6种鸟类的心、肝、肺、胗、肌肉、绒羽和飞羽样品中Cu、Pb、Cd的含量.结果表明:3种重金属在这6种鸟体内的富集顺序是一致的,即Cu ＞Pb＞Cd;但重金属的富集存在明显的种间差异,6种鸟类的飞羽对这3种重金属富集量的大小各不相同,且富集能力因组织和元素的种类不同而不同;肝脏是Cu和Cd富集的目标器官,肺是Pb富集的目标器官.相同组织中的重金属含量因鸟的年龄大小也有差异,普遍规律是:成鸟＞幼鸟.经与其它地区比较,发现南昌市白鹭的飞羽对Cu、Cd的富集量低于法国Camargue生物圈保护区,而Pb的富集量高于厦门白鹭自然保护区、香港米埔自然保护区和法国Camar-gue生物圈保护区,说明南昌市的Pb污染较严重,而Cu、Cd的污染较轻.     

黄嘴白鹭卵的重金属含量与分布分析

黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)是全球性受威胁鸟类,是国家二级重点保护动物.实验采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定比较了福建岛屿黄嘴白鹭卵内容物、卵壳和卵壳膜中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等7种重金属元素的含量.对去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳的7种重金属含量进行了差异性分析.结果表明,黄嘴白鹭去膜卵壳中含量最高的为Ni [(3.412±0.613) μg/g],卵壳膜和内容物中含量最高的均为Zn[(17.769±8.508) μg/g,(29.449±6.443) μg/g];3个部位含量最低的均为Cd[内容物最低(0.004±0.002) μg/g].除Mn元素外,其他元素在去膜卵壳、卵壳膜和内容物中的含量均有显著性差异,重金属主要富集在卵壳膜中.除Mn元素和Cd元素外,其余5种重金属元素在去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳中均存在显著性差异.上述结果提示,今后的相关研究报道中应注明受测卵壳是否带膜,以利于同类研究的正确比对.     

不同地点及性别的白鹭、池鹭羽毛的重金属含量分析

测定了采自福建省5个地区和广东省汕头市的白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)成鸟羽毛中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)7种重金属元素的含量.结果:重金属在两种鹭鸟的羽毛中积累规律都为:Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd.比较了武夷山、鸡屿、安海和汕头的白鹭羽毛样本的重金属的含量,结果Cr、Mn、Zn、As、Pb的含量存在显著的地区性差异,汕头地区的Cr、As含量最高而Mn、Zn、Pb含量最低;比较了武夷山和建瓯池鹭羽毛样本的重金属的含量,结果Ni和As的含量存在显著的地区性差异,武夷山地区的Ni含量较高而As含量较低.比较了武夷山地区池鹭、白鹭羽毛的重金属含量,Cr和As在池鹭中较高,Zn在白鹭中较高.比较了汕头地区白鹭雌雄羽毛样本,只有Cd的含量在雌性和雄性的羽毛中有显著差异.     

红树白骨壤幼苗对水中重金属的吸附性能研究

【目的】针对广西近岸海域重金属污染越来越严重的问题,研究红树白骨壤幼苗对水中重金属(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd)的吸附去除性能。【方法】红树白骨壤幼苗采用砂培法由胚轴栽培而得,配制不同浓度混合重金属培养液对红树白骨壤幼苗胁迫培养35d后采用原子吸收光谱法测定其体内的重金属含量。【结果】随着培养液中重金属浓度的升高,红树白骨壤幼苗体内的重金属含量也逐渐增加,最高含量分别达到Cu 980.78μg/g,Pb 1623.03μg/g,Zn 446.21μg/g,Cd 69.41μg/g。红树白骨壤幼苗不同部位对重金属的积累能力普遍是叶部最少,茎部次之,大部分都积累在根部。红树白骨壤幼苗的根、茎对Zn的输送能力最好,其次是Cu和Cd,对Pb的输送能力最差。【结论】红树白骨壤幼苗对4种重金属都有较好的吸附能力,尤其是对Pb和Cu的吸附去除效果更好,是一种性能良好的近岸河口重金属污染修复植物。     

暗色型白鹭繁殖及其子代雏鸟生长的研究

2003年6月在厦门大兔屿鹭类营巢地首次发现暗色型白鹭,对其形态、繁殖以及子代雏鸟进行研究.暗色型白鹭在厦门的数量稀少,其羽色为暗灰色,但在头、喉、胸或腹部上存在着不同程度的白羽差异.暗色型白鹭与白色型白鹭结对繁殖,共同完成孵卵和育雏过程.暗色型白鹭巢位高度为520cm,较同一树上其他4个白鹭的巢位(428±62)cm高,巢高21.2cm,巢深10.8cm,巢内径38.0cm,巢外径60.2cm;卵呈鸭蛋青色,卵的长径为3.33cm,短径4.52cm,质量23g;窝雏数为4只;1日龄雏鸟平均体长(10.8±0.2)cm,平均体质量(21±0.5)g,子代雏鸟的羽色为白色,喙表现为乌黑发亮,皮肤颜色也较白色型黑.暗色型白鹭亲鸟和雏鸟的繁殖及生长发育等其它生物学特性与白色型白鹭基本相同.本文对国内暗色型白鹭的来源及其羽毛颜色的遗传特性进行分析探讨.     

珠江口担杆岛附近海域底栖腹足类重金属含量及评价

对分布于珠江口担杆岛附近海域的17种底栖腹足类重金属的含量进行测定，结果显示：所有种类的整体软件组织中所测得的Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Sn的含量都低于香港（PHMSO）和广东省（MOPAS）对产品管理的规定标准。7种腹足类体内的Cd含量和12种腹足类体内Cr含量分别超过PHMSO评价标准（2．00μg/g和1．00μg/g)；仅3种腹足类体内Cd含量和5种腹足类体内Cr含量分别超过MOPAS评价标准（5.50μg/g和5.50μg/g)；4种腹足类体内的Sb含量略直PHMSO评价标准（1.00μg/g)。结果还表明，Cd、Pb、Cr和Sb含量随腹足类整体体质量的增加而增加，而Cu和Zn在腹足类体内的含量与个体质量成反比。Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Sb和Sn含量在腹足类不同器官组织中的分布为：肝脏＞肾脏＞性腺＞鳃＞足（P＜0．01）；而Cd和Cr含量的分布则为：肾脏＞肝脏＞性腺＞鳃＞足（P＜0．01）。     

长沙市秋季TSP中重金属形态分布和污染评价

对长沙市师大附中、雨花区和火车站3个采样点秋季的大气颗粒物(TSP)浓度以及颗粒物中的重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd的浓度和形态分布进行了研究分析,并对重金属元素的生物有效性进行了评价.结果表明,不同区域TSP浓度分布差别较大,其中雨花区最高,师大附中最低;TSP中重金属污染广泛存在,元素Zn,Pb浓度比Cu和Cd浓度要高,其中Zn的平均浓度为2.528μg.m-3,Pb为2.347μg.m-3,Cu为0.187μg.m-3,Cd为0.002μg.m-3.Tessier化学形态分析结果显示:Cu在前四态中含量非常高,特别是可交换态和碳酸盐态.Zn,Pb和Cd在前4态中分布也较多,表明4种金属元素迁移性高.生物有效性评价结果显示TSP中重金属生物可利用性强,Cu和Cd的生物有效性要高于Zn和Pb.     

秋季渤海湾(河北省段)水体及鱼体内重金属含量与评价

2013年秋季在渤海湾采集了48份水样,矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichth ys stigmatias Richardson)样品90份,测定重金属含量.水体表层7种重金属含量从高到低是Cu,Zn,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,底层是Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,矛尾虾虎鱼体内重金属含量顺序是Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Cd,Hg.结果表明:Cr,Cd和As含量符合海水水质标准第工类标准要求,Hg和Pb符合海水水质标准第Ⅱ类标准要求,Zn和Cu符合海水水质标准第Ⅲ类标准要求;秋季渤海湾的矛尾虾虎鱼未受到重金属的污染.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with