Relationship between teratogeny and structure in the thalidomide field

Zusammenfassung Thalidomid verursacht an trächtigen Neuseeland-Kaninchen nach oraler Verabreichung starke Missbildungen des Wurfes. Geringe strukturelle Abweichungen können die Teratogenie zerstören: Zwei solche Verbindungen,N-Methoxy-thalidomid und 2-Phthalimido-glutaramid, sind nicht teratogen, während ein Esteramid, ein Thalidomidanalog mit offener Kette, hauptsächlich Missbildungen der inneren Organe erzeugt.

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This research was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants, no. HD-01496 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and No. FR-00251 from the Division of Research Facilities and Resources to The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; and Public health Service Grant No. CA-08748 to The Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.     

A study of the mode of action of chloramphenicol on the chick morphogenesis

Zusammenfassung Hühnerembryonen, die in vitro mit Chloramphenicol behandelt wurden, zeigten verschiedene Missbildungen, wie Mikrocephalie, offene Neuralrinne, gerade bleibenden Herzschlauch, verkürzte Körperachse. Nachbehandlung solcher Chloramphenicol-Keime mit äquimolaren Lösungen von Phenylalanin, Tyrosin oderOrtho-Aminobenzoesäure ergibt weitgehend oder völlig normale Entwicklung. Durch Behandlung mit Alanin, Phenylmilchsäure oderPara-Aminobenzoesäure wird dagegen die Chloramphenicolwirkung nicht aufgehoben. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse wird der mögliche Mechanismus der Chloramphenicolwirkung diskutiert.

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One of us (L.M.) wishes to thank the Atomic Energy Commission for financial assistance.     

Further observations on the mode of action of chloramphenicol on the chick morphogenesis

Zusammenfassung Acetylsalicylsäure,p-Hydroxybenzoesäure, 2-Methyl-1,4-Naphthachinon und Vitamin E heben die in einem Hühnerembryo durch Chloramphenicol bewirkte Hemmung der Morphogenese auf, währendp-Aminobenzoesäure undp-Aminosalicylsäure keinen Einfluss auf diese Hemmung haben.     

The influence of the hypophysis upon the calorigenic action of catecholamines

Zusammenfassung Durch Hypophysektomie wird die kalorigene Wirkung von Noradrenalin bei 23–28 sowie 63 Tage alten Ratten fast vollständig aufgehoben, während die Wirkung von 2,4-Dinitrophenol kaum beeinflusst wird.     

Gene structure and function of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family

2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase was among the first interferon-induced antiviral enzymes to be discovered. This family of enzymes plays an important role in the mechanisms of action of interferon antiviral activity, but is also involved in other cellular processes such as apoptosis and growth control. We have reviewed the function and genomic structure of this class of at least nine proteins. By studying the recently available data in the human genome database and the human Expressed Sequence Tag database, we have been able to build a comprehensive picture of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene family and its precise location on chromosome 12. Chromosomal localization as well as the intron/exon structure of all four genes has been established and an overview of the splice variant forms of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases arising from expression of the four genes is presented. Alignments of the human 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase sequences with non-human 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase sequences suggest that the exon structure and several amino acid sequence motifs have been conserved during evolution.     

The action of iodine upon thyroidectomized frog larvae

Résumé L'alimentation des larves de grenouille sans thyroïdes avec un mélange d'iode et de farine (Pablum) a provoqué la métamorphose, ce qui confirme les investigations deSwingle ¹, aussiLipner etHazen ⁵. La radiochromatographie de la bile et du foie hydrolysé, après immersion des larves dans NaI¹³¹, ne révéla pas la présence de thyroxine ou diiodotyrosine. La chromatographie de l'iode-farine après hydrolyse, fit apparaître de la monoiodotyrosine et de la diiodotyrosine, mais après hydrolyse de la farine, on trouva seulement de la monoiodotyrosine. Il est probable que la thyroxine, synthétiséein vitro à partir de la diiodotyrosine, le pH étant alcalin, fut le facteur qui déclencha la métamorphose des larves sans thyroïdes.     

The influence of furosemide on the renal excretion of chloramphenicol and its metabolites.

Simultaneous administration of chloramphenicol and furosemide (10 mg i.v.) decreased urinary excretion of chloramphenicol but increased the excretion of its metabolites as aryl amines and total nitro compounds. These latter increases were directly related to Na excretion.     

Gene structure of the murine 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family

The 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs) are members of a family of interferon-induced proteins playing an important role in the antiviral effect of interferons as well as being involved in apoptosis and control of cellular growth. Based on sequence data from the murine BAC clone (RP23-39M18), and a number of EST and IMAGE clones and the Celera Mouse database, we identified twelve Oas genes in the mouse genome, all localized to the chromosome 5F region. In contrast to the single OAS1 gene found in humans, we identified eight closely linked Oas1 genes in the murine genome, together with the genes of Oas2 and Oas3. Compared to the single OASL gene found in humans, two genes of OAS-like proteins, Oasl1 and Oasl2, were identified. All the putative genes seem to be transcribed. The exon/intron structures of the murine Oas genes were found to be identical to those of the human genes.     

Relationship between the structure of a series of carbamate derivatives of methomyl and their biological activity

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences - A series of 24 carbamates was obtained by structural modification of methomyl, or S-methyl-N[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]thioacetimidate, an insecticide. The...