太白山4种药用地衣抑菌活性研究

研究太白山4种重要药用地衣的抑菌活性。采用7种肠道致病菌对4种地衣的不同溶剂提取物进行抑菌活性筛选,并对其抑菌活性部位进行LC-MS鉴定。4种地衣甲醇提取物均对肺炎克雷伯氏菌抑制作用较强;金刷把、黑石耳甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较强。地衣酸是4种地衣的主要抑菌活性部位。4种地衣的甲醇提取物抑制活性最强,发挥抑菌活性的主要成分为地衣酸类。该研究为太白山地衣类草药资源开发提供资料。     

泰山药用昆虫的研究及应用

择要介绍了13个目、16个科、44种分布于泰山的药用昆虫的形态特征、生物学习性、药用价值,为药用昆虫的开发提供了生物学依据,使泰山昆虫资源研究得以持续发展和利用.     

内蒙古经济地衣资源的研究

系统地报道了内蒙古有经济价值和开发前景的地衣资源共４１种，其中包括药用地衣、饲料用地衣、日化香料用地衣等．为了便于识别这些地衣种类，列出了分种检索表．同时记述了每种地衣的生境、产地、主要化学成分及资源价值．     

九连山自然保护区药用植物资源

通过对九连山自然保护区药用植物调查，该区有药用藻类2类，药用地衣4种，药用真菌34中，药用苔藓28种，药用蕨类112种，药用各子植物1342种，共计有药用植物1522种，其中常用中药材267种。并介绍了药用植物资源合理利用的概况，此外，还发现了18种江西地理分布新记录。     

江西庐山自然保护区药用植物资源

据江西庐山自然保护区药用植物调查显示,该保护区共有1 859种药用植物,其中药用藻类4种,药用真菌22种,药用地衣10种,药用苔藓21种,药用蕨类131种,药用种子植物1611,常用中药328种,药用珍稀濒危植物137种,药用观赏植物180余种,药用特有种植物116种,农兽药植物169种。此外,还发现24种江西地区记录新分布,模式标本24种,以庐山、牯岭命名的植物有25种,并介绍了药用植物资源合理利用的概况。     

地衣抗生素和地衣多糖类物质的研究进展

地衣在许多国家中很早就被应用于医药事业,而近年来,其所含有的多种独特的化学物质,也正在引起各国化学家和药学家的广泛关注。本文着重介绍了药用地衣主要的两大类化学物质,即地衣抗生素和地衣多糖类物质的来源、生物活性等,并对地衣化学的发展前景做了展望。     

管涔山林区地衣研究

管涔山林区地衣调查的结果表明,该区共有地衣14科,25属,34种(包括变种),其中11属24种为山西省新记录.林区的地衣群落有树皮、树枝生地衣群落、藓丛生地衣群落、石面生地衣群落、朽木生地衣群落和草地生地衣群落,其中树皮、树枝生地衣群落为主要类型.本区地衣的地理成分具有明显的温带性,与热带、东亚成分有一定的联系,特有现象不明显.     

泰山药用植物概况

泰山系我国五岳之尊,也是国内外旅游胜地之一。主峰玉皇顶海拔1545m。经多年的调查资料统计,有药用价值的植物为129科,765种。按类别划分依次是:菌类3科4种;地衣类1科1种;苔藓类1科1种;蕨类11科26种;裸子植物4科16种;被子植物109科717种。在被子植物种类较多的科有菊科(72种)、豆科(52种)、蔷薇科(49     

江苏连云港云台山地衣初步研究

地农不仅具有食用、药用、香料工业用等方面的经济意义,并且是大气污染的生物监测器、探矿的指示植物,也可用于追踪某种放射性微粒成分的变化、监测水域污染和农业化学影响。但是,由于对地区的地衣植被缺乏调查研究,因而对地衣的利用亦发生困难。为此,我们着手于江苏地衣的调查工作。 关于江苏地衣,根据文献,A.Zahlbruckner(1930)记载了江苏(上海地区)的地     

内蒙古半干旱区山地地衣区系的研究

首次系统地报道了内蒙古半干旱区山地的地衣区系名录，对野外采集所得到的１０００余号标本进行了分类鉴定及地衣化学的初步分析，研究表明：本区共有地衣７４种，隶属３目，６亚目，１８科，３２属，其中有２４种地衣为内蒙古分布新记录，同时记述了每个种的生境和分布，对于已知有经济价值的种类也作了记载。     

庐山保护区外来种子植物分析

经过调查和查阅文献,初步确定庐山有外来种子植物138科516属1249种,其中仙人掌科的种类最多,有97种,其次是松科和菊科,分别有85种、67种。从来源看一半来自亚洲,其次是31．79％来自美洲,其它种来自欧洲、非洲、大洋洲等地区。并对这些外来种的传入途径、各种价值以及所产生的影响做了初步的分析。     

苔藓植物对济南市环境质量生物指示的研究

选择了10个样点对济南市的苔藓植物进行了详细的调查研究,并对这10个样点的种类进行了比较分析。采集苔藓植物标本365份,经整理鉴定,发现济南苔藓植物群落的种类组成有15科33属62种(苔类植物2科2属2种,藓类植物13科31属60种)。净口藓(Gymnostomum calcareum）、阔叶小石藓（Weisia planifolia）、红蒴立碗藓（Physcomitrium eurystomum ）等为调查区的优势种类,可作为工业区生态修复进一步研究的素材。     

江苏沿海蟹类调查

本文报道1981—1984年江苏省沿海蟹类调查,计45种,其中7种为江苏省新记录,综合迄今所有江苏沿海蟹类的研究共有70种,隶属14个科。潮间带的蟹类中以沙蟹科和方蟹科占优势,潮下带的蟹类中以蝤蛑科为主。     

Single-species models for many-species food webs

Most species live in species-rich food webs; yet, for a century, most mathematical models for population dynamics have included only one or two species. We ask whether such models are relevant to the real world. Two-species population models of an interacting consumer and resource collapse to one-species dynamics when recruitment to the resource population is unrelated to resource abundance, thereby weakening the coupling between consumer and resource. We predict that, in nature, generalist consumers that feed on many species should similarly show one-species dynamics. We test this prediction using cyclic populations, in which it is easier to infer underlying mechanisms, and which are widespread in nature. Here we show that one-species cycles can be distinguished from consumer resource cycles by their periods. We then analyse a large number of time series from cyclic populations in nature and show that almost all cycling, generalist consumers examined have periods that are consistent with one-species dynamics. Thus generalist consumers indeed behave as if they were one-species populations, and a one-species model is a valid representation for generalist population dynamics in many-species food webs.     

Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

Biodiversity loss can affect ecosystem functions and services. Individual ecosystem functions generally show a positive asymptotic relationship with increasing biodiversity, suggesting that some species are redundant. However, ecosystems are managed and conserved for multiple functions, which may require greater biodiversity. Here we present an analysis of published data from grassland biodiversity experiments, and show that ecosystem multifunctionality does require greater numbers of species. We analysed each ecosystem function alone to identify species with desirable effects. We then calculated the number of species with positive effects for all possible combinations of functions. Our results show appreciable differences in the sets of species influencing different ecosystem functions, with average proportional overlap of about 0.2 to 0.5. Consequently, as more ecosystem processes were included in our analysis, more species were found to affect overall functioning. Specifically, for all of the analysed experiments, there was a positive saturating relationship between the number of ecosystem processes considered and the number of species influencing overall functioning. We conclude that because different species often influence different functions, studies focusing on individual processes in isolation will underestimate levels of biodiversity required to maintain multifunctional ecosystems.     

The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial services

Bacterial communities provide important services. They break down pollutants, municipal waste and ingested food, and they are the primary means by which organic matter is recycled to plants and other autotrophs. However, the processes that determine the rate at which these services are supplied are only starting to be identified. Biodiversity influences the way in which ecosystems function, but the form of the relationship between bacterial biodiversity and functioning remains poorly understood. Here we describe a manipulative experiment that measured how biodiversity affects the functioning of communities containing up to 72 bacterial species constructed from a collection of naturally occurring culturable bacteria. The experimental design allowed us to manipulate large numbers of bacterial species selected at random from those that were culturable. We demonstrate that there is a decelerating relationship between community respiration and increasing bacterial diversity. We also show that both synergistic interactions among bacterial species and the composition of the bacterial community are important in determining the level of ecosystem functioning.     

安徽省地理分布新记录植物

本文首次报道了刻鳞苔草和美丽苔草为中国地理分布新记录;裂瓜属,竹叶子属,沼兰属为安徽省新分布属;红果类叶升麻,直穗小蘖等34种(包括变种)为安徽省地理分布新记录植物。     

甘肃白龙江流域紫萼藓科植物研究

在广泛调查研究的基础上,对甘肃白龙江流域紫萼藓科标本进行研究鉴定,共整理出甘肃紫萼藓科植物3属26种,其中甘肃省新纪录种8个,分别是兜叶砂藓、硬叶砂藓、狭叶砂藓、霍氏砂藓、短柄砂藓、喜马拉雅砂藓、偏叶砂藓和长齿连轴藓。按照吴征镒先生对中国种子植物分布类型的划分,将该流域的紫萼藓科植物分为8个分布类型。     

菜子湖鱼类区系变动及其驱动力分析

2007～2008年对菜子湖鱼类多样性和渔业方式进行了调查,采集到鱼类8目18科68种,包括3种新记录.历史记录的13种洄游性鱼类本次仅见2种野生群,湖区野生洄游性鱼类经济绝灭.养殖鱼类产量占渔业总产的91.4%,成为渔业主体.杂食性鱼类物种丰富但产量甚微,相反人工放流的鲢、鳙等滤食性鱼类产量达鱼类总产的68.6%,为绝对优势种.湖区鱼类区系组成的特征变化与江湖阻隔和渔业养殖模式变革密切相关,因此江湖关系变动及渔业养殖当为菜子湖鱼类区系变动的关键驱动因子.