颗粒失效对SiCp/Al复合材料强度的影响

建立复合材料屈服强度综合模型用于分析研究增强颗粒断裂和基体与颗粒的界面脱粘对SiCp／Al复合材料强度的影响;用Eshelby等效夹杂理论分析SiCp/Al复合材料受载时作用在SiC颗粒上的应力,并假设SiC颗粒失效符合Weibull分布,在综合考虑复合材料各种强化机制的基础上引入颗粒断裂和界面脱粘对材料屈服强度的影响,建立SiCp／Al复合材料的屈服强度模型并对模型进行解析。研究结果表明：SiCp/Al复合材料屈服强度随着SiC颗粒含量增加而增加;当颗粒粒度为微米级时,屈服强度随着粒度的减小而增加;在屈服状态下,当颗粒粒度较小时,复合材料的颗粒失效以界面脱粘为主;随着粒度的增大,颗粒的断裂分数迅速增大,颗粒失效则转变为由颗粒断裂和界面脱粘共同控制。     

扩散焊接条件下复合材料接合区界面行为研究

对复合材料SiCw-6061A1扩散焊接接合区基体-基体、弱吉相-基本、弱强相-增强相三种界面行为进行了探索性的研究,分析了接头微观组织及其力学性能。研究表明,在试验范围内,当焊接温度低于复合材料固相线温度时,基体-基体界面可以实现良好结合,而增强相-基体-增强相-增强相界面难以实现结合。发现在铝基复合材料SiCw-6061Al液、固两相温度区间存在一个“临界温度”,当焊接温度达到该温度时,接合区出现一定数量的液态基体金属,不仅基体-基体、增强相-基体界面可以实现较好结合,而且增强相-增强相界面将转化为增强相-基体-增强相界面,焊接接头强度达到母材强度;在此基础上首次提出“非夹层液相扩散焊接”新工艺,成功实现复合材料SiCw-6061Al扩散连接。     

纳米SiCp/108Al复合材料的组织与性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同体积分数SiC颗粒增强的纳米SiCp/108Al复合材料。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对复合材料的微观组织及拉伸断口形貌进行了表征,测定了复合材料的相对密度、硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率,分析了纳米SiC颗粒体积分数对复合材料组织及性能的影响。分析结果表明:添加纳米SiC颗粒的SiCp/108Al复合材料组织明显细化,性能得到提高。当纳米SiC颗粒体积分数为2%时,复合材料组织的晶粒最细小,缺陷较少,同时纳米SiC颗粒分布均匀,复合材料的性能最佳,相对密度达到98%。复合材料的硬度达到102HV,抗拉强度达到348MPa,屈服强度达到229MPa,分别比108Al基体提高了34%、26%和43%。当纳米SiC颗粒体积分数较大时,SiC颗粒会出现明显团聚现象,导致复合材料的性能降低。     

低熔点Sn界面涂覆对Al_(18)B_4O_(33)/6061Al复合材料轧制行为及织构的影响

采用传统挤压铸造工艺制备了Al18B4O33晶须增强6061铝基复合材料,为提高复合材料的热轧变形能力预先对Al18B4O33晶须表面进行了低熔点金属Sn的涂覆,并在500℃实现了复合材料的热轧变形,最终轧制比达到了70%.研究表明,低熔点金属Sn的界面涂覆可以明显提高Al18B4O33/6061Al复合材料的高温塑性,并且对轧制复合材料Al基体中织构的形成和演化有重要的影响.     

2024Al/Gr/SiCp复合材料耐热性能研究

研究了采用真空热压法制备的2024Al/Gr/SiC_p复合材料高温拉伸性能及长时间热暴露后的室温力学性能,同时对拉伸断口进行分析,探讨了SiC颗粒和石墨对材料耐热性能的影响.结果表明:2024基体合金和2024Al/Gr/SiC_p复合材料在200℃及以下热暴露时,复合材料的强度下降幅度较小,但基体合金的强度下降幅度明显比复合材料的大,这与增强相SiC颗粒与石墨提高了材料的耐热性能有关.在300℃热暴露条件下,2024基体合金和2024Al/Gr/SiC_p复合材料的力学性能快速下降.2024Al及其复合材料的高温拉伸性能随拉伸温度升高而下降,在200℃及以下温度抗拉强度较好,250℃及以上温度抗拉强度快速下降.高温拉伸和热暴露处理后的2024铝合金基体的断裂机制为韧性断裂,2024Al/Gr/SiC_p复合材料的断裂机制为基体韧性断裂及石墨断裂、SiC颗粒与界面分离的混合断裂机制.     

往复镦挤对SiC_p/2024铝基复合材料组织性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段研究了往复镦挤变形工艺对SiCp/2024铝基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,SiCp/2024铝基复合材料经过往复墩挤后,基体组织出现细化,SiC颗粒发生破碎,基体中SiC颗粒由团聚变得分布均匀;在交替剪切变形作用下,基体中的位错发生重组和湮灭,形成细小的亚晶;相对于挤压态,经过4道次变形后,复合材料抗拉强度由271 MPa提高到378 MPa,屈服强度由203MPa提高到260 MPa;经过往复镦挤变形后,拉伸断口以界面脱粘和颗粒断裂方式为主.     

6066Al/SiCP复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能

研究了经制粉→混料→真空抽气→热挤压工艺制备的6066Al/SiCp复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能.复合材料的阻尼特征通过动态机械热分析仪(DMTA)测量,得出了2种不同SiC含量的6066Al/SiCp复合材料及6066Al合金在温度为30～250℃,频率为0.1,1,10和30Hz时的阻尼值.利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对复合材料组织特征进行了分析,根据组织特征及阻尼数据对复合材料的阻尼机制进行了讨论.结果表明将2～3μm的SiC颗粒加入6066Al中,当SiC含量为7%(体积分数)时,增强的SiC颗粒分布较均匀,与基体结合良好;当SiC含量为12%时,SiC易聚集成团.少量SiC能明显提高6066Al的阻尼能力,尤其是高温阻尼性能;6066Al/SiCp复合材料的高阻尼性能主要是SiC颗粒加入后使位错密度大大增加,基体晶界及基体与SiC颗粒界面的存在使材料在循环载荷下消耗能量所致.     

退火温度对退火马氏体基TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢通过完全淬火和两相区退火相结合的工艺,得到一种以退火马氏体为基体的TRIP钢(简称TAM钢),并对比分析了TAM钢在不同温度退火后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,TAM钢经退火后的显微组织特征为精细规整的板条退火马氏体基体、片状残余奥氏体和贝氏体/马氏体组成的混合组织.这种组织降低了基体的硬度以及基体和第二相之间的强度比,减少了基体的位错密度.随着退火温度的提高,退火马氏体基体的板条形态逐渐消失,新生马氏体/贝氏体的团状混合组织逐渐增多.当退火温度为780℃时,综合力学性能优异,抗拉强度为1130 MPa,延伸率可达20%,强塑积为22600 MPa·%.当退火温度较低时,残余奥氏体主要以片状存在于退火马氏体板条间,有利于TRIP效应的发生.     

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究

采用搅拌铸造法制备粉煤灰增强铝基复合材料·粉煤灰颗粒大多为球形,密度为2 75g/cm3,颗粒直径主要集中在5～60μm,主要成分为SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3,三者质量分数总和超过85%·SEM分析表明铝基粉煤灰复合材料中存在着颗粒团聚,并有气孔产生·将制备的复合材料与6061合金就磨损、拉伸强度性能进行对比试验·试验结果表明:该复合材料在常温下抗拉强度变差,而耐磨性与6061合金相比提高20倍以上·     

400℃退火对ECAP形变Q235钢的强度和位错强化的影响

将经过淬火预处理和等通道转角挤压加工(ECAP)的Q235钢进行400℃退火.采用拉伸试验、X射线衍射(XRD)分析及描述强度-位错密度关系的Taylor公式,研究400℃退火对ECAP形变低碳钢的强度和位错强化的影响.拉伸试验表明:400℃退火使ECAP形变Q235钢强度降低,屈服强度从825 MPa下降到725 MPa,加工硬化能力和塑性显著提高.基于XRD分析和Taylor公式的定量计算说明,400℃退火对ECAP形变Q235钢的位错强化影响很小,实际强度的降低不是来自于位错强化的降低,而是来自于其他强化机制(晶界、亚晶界等)的降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.