活动星系核伽玛辐射流量的计算（英文）

基于伽玛射线辐射的幂律谱规律,讨论了将观测的伽玛辐射积分光子流量转换成γ辐射总流量、E GeV处流量密度、平均流量密度、总光度、平均光度及E GeV处光度的计算方法,并给出了详细计算公式.用得到的公式计算了4个Fermi Blazars的γ辐射流量、光度等参量.如果在其他波段（如：射电、X射线）的辐射也是幂律的,则其流量和光度也可以用类似的方法计算.     

武装直升机机体红外辐射数值模拟方法研究

针对武装直升机机体红外辐射的数值计算问题,本文首先在分析蒙皮受热情况的基础上,提出了一种利用区域分解求解机体表面温度分布的方法.该方法将机体分为3个温度区域:一般蒙皮区域,其温度变化通过热网络法求解;发动机热影响蒙皮区域,其温度变化由热源法求解;喷焰加热蒙皮区域,其温度变化由直升机旋翼洗流干扰下的热喷流模拟求解.在此基础上,研究了机体红外辐射的数值模拟方法,包括蒙皮自身辐射的计算和蒙皮反射辐射的计算.最后,应用本文方法,对某型武装直升机的机体红外辐射强度进行了数值模拟,计算结果符合实际分布规律,计算误差在工程精度要求内.该方法已应用于武装直升机红外辐射数值模拟软件中,应用表明该方法稳定、可靠,适于工程分析.     

基于声辐射度的耦合空间声能衰变模拟方法

针对耦合空间中的声能衰变,提出一种改进的声辐射度模拟方法.该方法将耦合开口设为分属于2个子空间的虚拟界面,通过虚拟界面上声辐射度的接收和传播实现子空间声能交换.改进的模拟方法将耦合空间分为2个独立的子空间分别进行声辐射度计算,在有效降低计算量的同时克服了子空间面元有效性判断所产生的误差,提高了模拟的准确性和计算的收敛速度.实测与模拟结果的对比表明,基于声辐射度的改进模拟方法对耦合空间中声能衰变具有较好的预测精度.     

有效辐射计算对沥青路面温度场的影响

从气象学的基本原理出发,建立了路表有效辐射的日变化过程曲线的计算方法,并与 Barber、严作人及舒尔茨分别给出的结构温度场计算中有效辐射的近似计算方法进行了比较,分析结果表明:正确计算路表有效辐射对准确估计沥青路面温度场有重要影响.     

基于声辐射控制的板结构优化设计

分析了影响板结构声辐射的主要因素,得出了结构振型主导中低频声辐射、振幅决定高频辐射的结论.根据分析结果,针对中低频提出了板结构的振型优化方案;针对高频段提出了振幅优化的方案.对一典型板结构,使用这2种优化方法对其不同频段的声辐射进行了优化的数值计算,计算结果表明,振型优化法在中低频段效果较好,而振幅优化法则更加适合于高频段的声辐射控制.     

海面舰船目标紫外和可见光波段散射特性研究

采用Mote-Carlo方法构造了二维随机粗糙海面.利用海面双向反射分布函数(BRDF)模型计算了海面在紫外和可见光波段的辐射亮度,并与大气传输软件Modtran计算结果进行了对比分析.基于目标表面材料BRDF模型,计算分析了海上某舰船目标分别在紫外和可见光波段对背景辐射的散射亮度,并与海面背景辐射亮度进行了对比.结果表明,在紫外和可见光波段,海面背景辐射对舰船目标亮度的影响可以忽略,探测时间和方位、舰船表面材料、目标形状以及探测波段等因素,共同决定了舰船目标的散射特性,为实现海面舰船目标的多波段实时探测与识别提供一定的参考依据.     

隐式迭代方法求解颗粒能量方程

设计了一种隐式迭代方法求解颗粒能量方程,采用离散坐标方法计算炉膛内的辐射传热,完整地考虑颗粒能量方程中的辐射项.与常规差分方法的对比表明: 采用隐式迭代方法可以稳定颗粒相的计算,加速颗粒能量方程的收敛速度.为了考察颗粒辐射项对燃烧模拟的影响,分析了计入颗粒辐射项前后颗粒燃烧过程和全场燃烧模拟结果的差别.结果表明: 计入颗粒辐射项后,颗粒的燃尽时间增长,颗粒辐射份额在颗粒燃尽后占颗粒整体传热的50%左右;炉膛火焰峰面等高温区气相温度有所上升,屏区和低温壁面附近的气相温度有所下降. 实验对比表明考虑辐射项后,使得模拟结果向实验值趋近.     

多类振动噪声源下舰船水下噪声的耦合声场计算方法

针对具有DTMB 5415船型的某护卫舰,提出水动力、机械和螺旋桨等3类典型振动噪声源共同作用下舰船低中频水下噪声的耦合声场计算方法.基于URANS方法采用SST k-ω湍流模型,数值模拟了该舰在某航速下的非定常流场,并将其作为该舰的水动力噪声源;以某型螺旋桨的脉动压力与实测噪声数据作为机械振动源和螺旋桨噪声源.建立了该舰结构有限元-流体声学间接边界元(FEM-IBEM)声振耦合计算模型,以船体结构前40 000阶干模态作为声振耦合求解声学响应的模态基,计算了该舰在上述3类噪声源共同作用下0～500 Hz水下辐射声功率级,分析了各类噪声源辐射噪声的指向特性和频谱特性.比较了工程中常用的各噪声源辐射声级直接线性叠加方法与耦合声场计算方法的差异.研究表明,耦合声场计算方法的计算效率和精度更高,是多类振动噪声源激励下舰船低中频水下辐射噪声预报的优选数值计算方法.     

基于物理相互作用的预处理方法及其在电磁散射和辐射问题中的应用

提出了一种新颖的基于物理相互作用的预处理方法,用于对电磁辐射和散射问题生成的系数矩阵进行预处理.通过在每个结点求解小型线性方程组,可获得相应预处理矩阵参数.应用得到的预处理矩阵对大型系数矩阵进行预处理,可以明显减少计算所需要的迭代步数.文中给出了将该预处理方法应用于电磁散射和辐射的例子:分别为基于多层多极快速算法(MLFMA)求解三角反射器散射问题的计算,和对缝隙阵天线、基站天线辐射问题的计算.计算结果验证了该预处理方法的有效性.     

空间辐射剂量及屏蔽效应研究

为分析空间辐射剂量及屏蔽效应,建立空间辐射剂量Monte Carlo评估方法.建立了符合空间辐射点点分布均匀、处处各向同性的抽样方法,并实现了基于体元的人体屏蔽模型.计算了3种屏蔽厚度下质子空间辐射的器官当量剂量和有效剂量分布,分析了不同厚度的屏蔽效果.结果表明,器官当量剂量在100～200 MeV之间存在高峰,有效剂量在200 MeV左右存在高峰;随能量增加,次级粒子有效剂量贡献增大,重粒子增长速度最快;提出了加大眼晶体和性腺屏蔽厚度,开发新型辐射屏蔽材料的建议.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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