我国油气中长期发展趋势与战略选择

以超长期趋势预测为基础,通过对2030—2050年我国石油天然气供需形势的系统分析,提出有效应对能源安全挑战的战略措施和建议。研究结果表明,我国石油需求将长期处于增长态势,而石油产量将保持基本稳定,供需缺口不断加大,为此应在努力控制需求的同时积极稳妥地发展石油替代,力争石油对外依存度不超过60 %;天然气作为清洁、优质的化石能源,对改善我国能源结构、推动低碳经济发展具有重要作用,应进一步采取积极有效措施,加快国内天然气资源的勘探开发,加大国外天然气资源的引进利用,力争2030—2050年天然气在我国一次能源结构中的比例升至10 %以上。在此基础上,提出了我国油气中长期发展战略与技术路线以及6项战略措施建议。     

河南省农村地区使用太阳能电池前景分析

目前世界对能源的需求越来越大，而目前所使用能源的结构中，以石油、煤炭、天然气为主的化石能源占了近90％，据保守预测，煤炭还能维持人类使用100年，而石油则仅能维持50年。我国是一个能源消耗大国，我国虽然煤炭资源相对丰富，但石油、天然气资源却相对贫乏，目前我国的石油消耗一多半需要进口，这不仅制约着我国工业的发展，使后继发展乏力，并且使我国对国际石油的依赖越来越大，严重影响着我国整体战略安全。因此我国必须寻求并利用新的能源以减小对化石能源的过度依赖。     

页岩气:化石能源新贵

<正>众所周知,天然气是一种清洁,高效的能源,使用天然气可以缓解因烧煤或石油所造成的环境污染。2013年,我国天然气对外依存度已经超过30%。在此背景下,储量大、可开采时间长的页岩气,将成为国产天然气的重要来源。     

科技界声音

正洁净能源技术是国家能源结构变革的关键,要大力发展煤炭、石油、天然气和非常规油气融合转化利用新路线和新技术,实现化石资源清洁高效转化利用;突破可再生能源规模利用能源转化及综合利用等关键技术,实现可再生能源大规模洁净利用;要大力布局先进核聚变和核裂变的技术研究,实现化石能源、可再生能源和核能互补,构成中国能源未     

浅谈天然气加工工艺及其发展前景预测

能源是稳定经济增长和社会发展的重要的战略物资,能源供给安全是国家经济保持中高速增长和国家军事安全的关键,因此研究能源现状和供应具有极其重要的战略意义。因为天然气燃烧主要生成水和二氧化碳,因此其是最清洁的可燃化石能源,如何大规模、高效率、高质量的加工利用是各国政府大力提倡和致力追求的目标。为此,本文全面介绍了天然气作为优质能源的地位、性质,天然气的加工运输,分析了我国未来二十年的发展趋势。     

我国天然气供应安全影响因素研究 ——基于主成分和VAR模型

天然气作为清洁能源在能源消费结构中所占比例不断提高,建立供应安全指标体系对认识供应影响因素.提升天然气供应安全具有重要意义.从国内供需、技术创新和进口三个维度构建我国天然气供应安全指标体系,利用主成分法和VAR模型分析各指标因素的影响程度.结果表明,我国天然气供应安全主要取决于天然气自给率、天然气管道长度、技术创新以及对外依存度.结合我国天然气供需现状和发展趋势,提出了我国天然气供应安全策略:多气并举,提高国内天然气供应;加快运输管网建设;加大技术创新投资力度;发展可再生能源.     

压缩天然气运输过程透明管理

天然气作为优质高效的清洁能源,其应用技术经数十年发展已日趋成熟。与石油等化石燃料相比,天然气具有成本低、效益高、使用安全便捷等特点。面对不断增长的庞大需求量,如何以合适的方式安全、经济地将天然气运输到各个需要的地方成了行业关注的焦点。CNG都采用汽车装载运气瓶组,或者拖挂气瓶车的方法进行运输,本文就CNG运输过程中存在的问题以及透明化管理做了详细论述。     

基于超越对数生产函数的能源产出及替代弹性分析

把劳动和资本之外的能源投入要素分解为煤炭、石油、天然气和电力的投入,建立了一个超越对数生产函数模型并基于岭回归进行了分析,估计了各能源投入要素的产出弹性、替代弹性以及相对技术进步差异.结果表明:能源要素对经济产出的总体规模报酬递增;电力和石油的经济产出率高于煤炭,并可以有效替代煤炭;技术进步速度依次为煤炭、石油、电力和天然气,符合中国能源消费以煤炭为主但努力提高石油比重的特征;天然气作为优质高效能源的特性没有体现可能与其比重较低以及更多用于生活部门有关.     

天然气:新世纪最大的商机

<正> "天然气—21世纪的能源"已成为全人类的共识,新气田的不断发现、储量的不断增长和新的跨国输气管线的建成以及贸易范围的扩大,加速了天然气工业的全球化和天然气全球化的进程。第21届世界天然气大会把21世纪称为天然气的黄金时代。未来几年内我国天然气需求将快于煤炭和石油,天然气市场在全国范囤内将得到较大发展。     

石油管道安全运行管理

管道输送石油天然气,具有高效、低耗、连续输送和自动化程度高等优势,成为当前物流的重要形式之一和国民经济和社会发展不可缺少的＂生命线＂。国家在＂十一五＂能源发展规划中提出石油天然气在国家能源消费的占比由现在的23.8%提高到25.8%,石油天然气管网从现有的5万公里增加到6万4千公里。但因其具有高能高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害、连续作业、链长面广、环境复杂等特点,决定了其安全管理的极其重要性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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