水库底泥氮释放及其好氧微生物脱氮研究

以丹江口水库为例, 考察水库底泥在不同温度、扰动和曝气等条件下, 总氮、硝氮、氨氮和亚硝氮的释放规律。设置模拟反应器, 探究高效好氧脱氮微生物强化消除水库底泥内源氮污染的效果, 并运用高通量测序技术, 分析高效好氧脱氮微生物对底泥微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明, 温度升高会减少氨氮的释放,增加硝氮和亚硝氮的积累; 水体扰动会加速底泥中氮素释放, 且上覆水中的氮素释放累积量与扰动速度成正比; 溶解氧对底泥氮素释放有显著影响, 曝气处理可以明显地降低底泥中总氮和硝氮的释放及其在水体中的累积。在反应器中底泥–上覆水界面投加高效好氧脱氮微生物Pseudomonas stutzeri (PCN-1)后, 反应器内各种形态的氮素都出现先上升、后下降的趋势; 在反应器运行的第65天, 底泥释放的总氮和硝氮的去除率分别高达75.87%和79.96%, 底泥内源氮污染得到有效的控制。对比投加菌株前后的微生物群落结构, 发现底泥中Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度明显增加, PCN-1强化脱氮处理能够改变底泥的微生物群落结构。     

城市河道底泥疏浚深度对氮磷释放的影响

利用苏州市古城区南园河底泥柱状样,研究了不同疏浚深度下,底泥中营养物氮和磷的释放规律.结果表明:不同层位底泥样中氮的质量分数随着沉积深度的增加而减小;底泥中TOC的质量分数及释放量对总氮的累积与释放有较大影响;底泥中氮和磷的释放量与疏浚深度有关,当疏浚深度为5 cm或15 cm时,从泥水界面向水中扩散的氮和磷的通量均较小.     

组合型生态浮床中有机物及氮的去除转化

通过设置水生植物浮床A、植物介质浮床B及植物介质河蚌浮床(组合型生态浮床)C等3个不同层次配置的浮床,考察了同样的运行条件下,各浮床出水中不同形态的有机物及氮的质量浓度变化,分析了浮床中各配置对有机物及氮的去除转化规律,同时研究了三角帆蚌对人工介质微生物富集特性的影响.结果表明:人工介质对溶解性的有机物及氮起到了明显的去除作用,三角帆蚌通过滤食消化促进了有机颗粒物的可溶化和无机化,对氮形态的转化起到了重要作用,从而提高了组合型生态浮床对氮的去除效果;三角帆蚌的引入增强了单位人工介质上微生物的TTC-脱氢酶活性与硝化细菌密度,从另一角度阐明了三角帆蚌对有机物及氮去除转化促进的特性.     

序批式生物膜法处理城市污水除磷规律研究

在利用序批式生物膜法(SBBR)处理广州地区城市污水的试验过程中,研究了生物除磷效果及影响除磷的各种因素.试验结果表明:①磷的出水指标可以达到0.5 mg.L-1以下;②磷的厌氧释放是好氧吸收的前提条件;③溶解氧浓度影响磷的吸收速率,但不影响磷的去除总量;④生物膜的脱落是影响脱氮除磷的关键;⑤硝态氮并没有影响SBBR工艺除磷效果.     

采煤塌陷水体温度和pH值对底泥氮磷释放影响

磷释放会引发水体富营养化等一系列环境问题.通过现场采样、室内测试和模拟实验,研究分析了水体不同温度和pH值条件下底泥氮、磷释放的变化特征及其影响机制.研究结果表明:底泥中氮、磷释放的最佳水体温度是15℃,温度过高(≥30℃)或过低(≤5℃)都不利于底泥中氮、磷的释放;pH值对底泥释氮和释磷的影响机制不同,随着pH值的增加(pH=6,8,10)底泥释氮量减小,而释磷量增加.研究成果对采煤塌陷区水体富营养化防控具有一定参考价值.     

人工浮床处理重污染河水的效能分析

试验采用填料人工浮床的方式种植菖蒲、风车草、香根草3种植物,分3池进行试验,采用重力自流方式分别进水,对浮床出水进行水质监测.监测结果表明菖蒲与风车草混种及菖蒲浮床系统对试验河水中有机物和N、P的去除较好.试验数据表明植物直接吸收不是氮、磷去除的主要途径;试验进水为劣V类重污染河水时,菖蒲、混种菖蒲与风车草、香根草浮床的COD、TP、TN平均去除率分别可达20.46%、23.3%、18.9%,38.35%、45.46%、44.8%与42.34%、45.82%、38.6%;控制试验进水污染负荷,采用菖蒲、混种菖蒲与风车草、香根草的人工浮床生态工程技术治理重污染河水是可行的.     

物理扰动等环境因素对底泥磷释放的影响

以总磷、溶解性总磷、正磷酸盐含量等3个指标研究了物理扰动、微生物活性、温度和培养时间等4种环境因素对富营养化河道底泥磷释放的影响.结果表明,环境因素对水体总磷变化的影响效果明显,而对另外两种形态的磷影响较小.对各种处理及其交互作用的差异显著性分析表明,4种环境因素对底泥磷释放影响作用的大小依次为:物理扰动、培养时间、微生物活性、温度,温度主要通过影响微生物活性间接作用于底泥磷释放过程.     

Effect of Combined Plant-Rope Ecological Floating Beds on Improvement of Eutrophic Water Quality

在白洋淀富营养化水体构筑蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)浮床-生物绳组合系统一段时间后,带回实验室做静态分析,研究生物绳对微生物富集后对富营养化水体的改善效果。结果表明,蕹菜浮床、蕹菜-聚苯乙烯纤维绳组合浮床、蕹菜-麻绳组合浮床对水中TN、NH4+-N、TP和DIP均有较好的去除效果,蕹菜浮床对水中TN、NH4+-N、TP和DIP的去除率为39.09%、44.55%、63.68%和53.70%,而蕹菜-聚苯乙烯纤维绳组合浮床、蕹菜-麻绳组合浮床的去除率分别为49.46%、67.79%、54.72%、50.62%和60.43%、70.05%、71.70%、64.20%,可见组合式浮床比蕹菜浮床的氮磷去除能力更强,而且以蕹菜-麻绳组合浮床的净化效果最好。其中,蕹菜浮床、蕹菜-聚苯乙烯纤维绳组合浮床和蕹菜—麻绳组合浮床的植物去氮贡献率分别为36.13%、32.15%和27.11%,去磷贡献率分别为71.85%、87.07%和74.34%,表明浮床中植物吸收只去除了系统中一部分N,微生物的脱氮途径占主导作用;而对P的去除,本试验结果显示植物吸收起主要作用。可见,该组合生态浮床是改善富营养化水体的有效方法。     

湖泊沉积物中有机质含量对释放磷的影响

以不同污染程度的贡湖、五里湖沉积物为研究对象,通过释放试验研究了有机质的去除对沉积物磷释放动力学曲线的影响。结果表明,沉积物有机质的去除并没有影响溶解性活性磷(SRP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)释放动力学曲线的基本趋势;有机质的去除提高了各沉积物的SRP和DTP的释放量、释放速率,但却降低了DOP的释放量和释放速率,且有机质的去除对污染严重的五里湖沉积物释放磷的影响大于污染较轻的贡湖沉积物的影响。因此不能忽视有机质对磷释放的影响,尤其是重污染的沉积物磷释放。     

用低浓度生活污水筛选适于华南人工湿地的植物

为拓展人工湿地的实际应用范围,通过盆栽实验,利用低浓度生活污水对14种待选植物进行了筛选．实验结果显示,与无植物的空白对照相比,绝大多数待选植物的存在并没有明显提高盆栽对COD的去除能力,但却能够有效提高盆栽对污水中氮、磷的去除效果．水力停留时间为8h和24h时,植物吸收对去除氮的平均贡献率分别为44．5％和40．0％,对去除磷的平均贡献率分别为20．9％和25．1％．故对COD的去除能力不适合作为筛选湿地植物的指标,而应以氮、磷的去除率作为筛选指标,同时还应综合考虑植物的抗逆性和观赏性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has