Fe3O4复合丁腈橡胶的力学和摩擦学性能

研究了填充纳米Fe3O4粒子对丁腈橡胶(NBR)力学性能、摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:填充纳米Fe3O4粒子后丁腈橡胶的力学性能略有降低,但其表现了良好的抗磨、减摩性能,其中填充质量分数为12%时材料的摩擦学性能最优.随着填充质量分数的增加,材料的磨损形式由犁削和粘着磨损逐步转变为粘着、疲劳剥落.磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子有利于在摩擦表面形成自修复膜,从而起到抗磨、减摩的作用.     

纳米TiO2轧制液对硅钢冷轧性能的影响

分别采用传统冷轧轧制液和纳米TiO₂的冷轧轧制液,对无取向硅钢板进行了四辊冷轧实验.重点研究两种冷轧轧制液的轧制润滑性能和对轧后硅钢薄带表面质量和耐蚀性能的影响.通过场发射电子显微镜和能谱仪对使用两种轧制液轧后得到的硅钢薄带表面形貌和成分进行了分析.给出了轧制液中TiO₂纳米粒子在轧制过程中的抗磨减摩机理.在轧制载荷较高时,纳米TiO₂轧制液具有优良的轧制润滑性能并能显著改善轧后硅钢薄带的表面质量.同时在高载荷作用下,TiO₂纳米粒子被压入硅钢薄带基体,形成一个滑动系来支撑载荷,从而使润滑膜的耐磨性提高.     

壳聚糖/Fe3O4复合纳米颗粒的制备

以柠檬酸为改性剂,制备水基Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,基于静电自组装作用,使壳聚糖分子在水溶液中包覆Fe3O4纳米晶粒,获得壳聚糖/Fe3O4复合纳米颗粒液溶胶。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析结果表明,复合纳米颗粒平均粒径为49.0 nm,标准差为11.0 nm。X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（FT-IR）分析结果表明,复合纳米颗粒由壳聚糖分子和Fe3O4晶体粒子构成。     

单分子层正癸酸包覆Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的研究

应用微乳液与 Fe2 + 和 Fe3 + 化学共沉淀的方法制备了正癸酸包覆的 Fe3 O4纳米粒子水基磁流体 .用光子相关光谱仪 ( PCS)、透射电镜 ( TEM)和 JDM- 3型振动样品磁强计对制得的水基磁流体进行了表征 .制备了单分子层正癸酸包覆的 Fe3 O4纳米粒子的固态样品 ,并利用 IR,TG,DTG与DSC考查了该固态样品的组成与性质 .发现用一步表面活性剂处理可以直接制得双层表面活性剂包覆的 Fe3 O4纳米粒子水基磁流体 .     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2 O3 和聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基 (PEEK)复合材料 ,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2 O3 和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明 ,纳米Al2 O3 使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善 ,其改善程度与纳米Al2 O3 的填充量有关 ,当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较低 (3% )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主 ;而当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较高 (10 % )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损 ;纳米Al2 O3 的含量为 5 %～ 7%时 ,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基(PEEK)复合材料,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2O3和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明,纳米Al2O3使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善,其改善程度与纳米Al2O3的填充量有关,当纳米Al2O3的含量较低(3%)时,纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主;而当纳米Al2O3的含量较高(10%)时,纳米Al2O3填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损;纳米Al2O3的含量为5%～7%时,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低.随着载荷的增加,纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势.     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基(PEEK)复合材料，利用销一盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2O3和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明，纳米Al2O3使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善，其改善程度与纳米Al2O3的填充量有关，当纳米Al2O3的含量较低(3％)时，纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主；而当纳米Al2O3的含量较高(10％)时，纳米Al2O3填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损；纳米Al2O3的含量为5％～7％时，PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加，纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势。     

正癸酸包覆的Fe3O4水基磁流体的制备与性质研究

以NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,化学共沉淀微乳液中的Fe2 与Fe3 离子来制备正癸酸稳定的Fe3O4纳米粒子水基磁流体.用光子相关光谱仪测定了所得磁流体的粒径及其分布等.考察了搅拌时间、水体积、丙酮体积与正癸酸量对形成Fe3O4水基磁流体粒径及其分布、多分散度与稳定性等的影响.在综合以上结果的基础上,设计并制备了8种正癸酸包覆的Fe3O4水基磁流体.用光子相关光谱仪与透射电镜测定了Fe3O4水基磁流体的粒径及其分布、多分散度等.实验结果表明,磁流体的数均粒径约为10～20nm;在稳定性方面,正癸酸包覆的Fe3O4水基磁流体放置6个月,未观察到相分离.用一步法制得了双层正癸酸稳定的Fe3O4水基磁流体,制备了单层正癸酸包覆的Fe3O4磁粒子的固态样品,用IR、TG、DTG与DSC研究了这些样品的组成与性质.测定了磁流体的饱和磁化强度,其值为1.85kA/m.     

α- Fe2O3纳米晶制备及对KClO3热分解的催化作用

用强迫水解法制备纳米Fe2O3。用透射电子显微镜研究了陈化方式对纳米Fe2O3的形貌和大小的影响,用X射线衍射分析法对纳米Fe2O3的晶相进行了表征,通过热重分析法考察了纳米Fe2O3对KClO3热分解的催化效果。结果表明,加热陈化和室温陈化制得的纳米Fe2O3粒子均呈纺锤形,加热陈化比室温陈化制得的纳米Fe2O3粒子小,表面更光滑,两种陈化方式制得的纳米Fe2O3均是三方晶系,属于α-Fe2O3;纳米Fe2O3对KClO3热分解的催化效果优于普通Fe2O3。     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备和磁光特性

以FeSO44@7H 2O(AR),Fe(NO3)3@9H2O(AR),NH3@H2O(AR)为原料,用水热法制备纳米Fe3O44粒子;通过选用合适的分散剂来克服磁性颗粒的沉降,采用超声波分散的方法,制备在重力场和磁场中稳定性好的磁流体.研究了影响水基FeaO4磁流体性能的主要因素,得到最佳条件Fe(NO3)3@9H2O和FeSO4@7H2O的量比为1.75,水热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5 h,1.5 g Fe3O4分散于100 mL水中所需分散剂的用量为0.75 mL.所制备的产物经XRD和粒度仪检测,结果表明产物为单一相的Fe3O44,水基Fe3O4磁流体体系的粒径在100nm以下.     

纳米添加剂对板带钢冷轧乳化液润滑性能的影响

通过四球摩擦学试验分析纳米添加剂对板带钢冷轧乳化液摩擦学性能的影响;在不同润滑条件下进行冷轧试验,分析纳米添加剂对冷轧过程和轧后带钢表面质量的影响.结果表明,含纳米添加剂的轧制乳化液与传统轧制乳化液相比,其承载能力和抗磨减摩性能均有所改善;带钢冷轧过程中采用含纳米添加剂的轧制乳化液进行润滑,可有效降低轧制压力和轧机功率、减少能耗,并且轧后带钢表面质量也有明显改观.     

纳米石墨烯的减摩抗磨研究进展

近年来,纳米石墨烯在摩擦学领域引起了一番新的热潮,纳米石墨烯因具有独特的物化性能、超薄层间结构和优良的自润滑性能,将其作为润滑添加剂能够显著提高机体的摩擦学性能。文中综述了纳米石墨烯作为固体润滑剂、水基润滑添加剂和油基润滑添加剂以及与其他纳米粒子的复合材料作为润滑添加剂的研究进展,归纳总结了石墨烯的保护层薄膜、低表面能、自润滑性能、复合材料共同作用等减摩抗磨机理;指出了纳米石墨烯存在的问题,如不同添加量的石墨烯对溶液的抗磨减摩影响较大,石墨烯的层数和结构都是影响机体抗磨减摩的重要因素,并对今后石墨烯的研究方向进行了展望。     

水镁石润滑剂的研制及其润滑性能的研究

研制一种润滑性能较好的水基粘土润滑剂.在MMW-5G摩擦试验机上比较13种粘土材料的干粉摩擦性能,发现水镁石的润滑效果最好,以水镁石为基料,配置成环保水基润滑剂,然后以四球为摩擦副,比较含不同量的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、硼酸的该润滑剂的摩擦系数,得到最优配比下PAM、硼酸的浓度分别为1%和5%,摩擦系数相对于空磨降低了85%.关于PAM含量、硼酸含量、粘土种类的三因素三水平的正交试验(L9(34)),验证了单因素的最优配比.参考最优配比,研究不同粘土材料的摩擦性能、该润滑剂在不同载荷、转速下摩擦性能的变化.结果表明:同其他粘土材料相比,该润滑剂的润滑效果较好;随着载荷的增加摩擦系数先减小后增大;随着转速的增加摩擦系数逐渐减小.     

Comparative study of different membranes as separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Membranes of polypropylene (PP), PP coated with nano-Al₂O₃, PP electrospun with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), and trilayer laminates of polypropylene-polyethylene-polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) were comparatively studied. Their physical properties were characterized by means of thermal shrinkage test, liquid electrolyte uptake, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results show that, for the different membranes as PP, PP coated with nano-Al₂O₃, PP electrospun with PVdF-HFP, and PP/PE/PP, the thermal shrinkages are 14%, 6%, 12.6%, and 13.3%, while the liquid electrolyte uptakes are 110%, 150%, 217%, and 129%, respectively. In addition, the effects on the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LiFePO₄ and LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as the cathode material) were investigated by AC impedance and galvanostatic charge/discharge test. It is found that PP coated with Al₂O₃ and PP electrospun with PVdF-HFP can effectively increase the wettability between the cathode material and liquid electrolyte, and therefore reduce the charge transfer resistance, which improves the capacity retention and battery performance.     

TT610L大梁钢冷弯裂纹原因分析

TT610L汽车大梁钢板经冷弯加工时在折弯部位外侧出现裂纹,为查找开裂原因,对试验钢进行了力学性能、OM、SEM及EDS分析.结果表明:对沿厚度方向开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为Al2O3和SiO2,对表皮开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为SiO2,由于这些夹杂物的异常偏聚造成了TT610L大梁钢的冷弯开裂.通过连铸工艺的优化,稳定了拉速,有效地解决了试验钢冷弯裂纹开裂问题.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

Microstructure and physical properties of steel-ladle purging plug refractory materials

Three different castables were prepared as steel-ladle purging-plug refractory materials:corundum-based low-cement castable (C-LCC), corundum-spinel-based low-cement castable (C-S-LCC), and no-cement corundum-spinel castable (C-S-NCC) (hydratable alumina ρ-Al₂O₃ bonded). The properties of these castables were characterized with regard to water demand/flow ability, cold crushing strength (CCS), cold modulus of rupture (CMoR), permanent linear change (PLC), apparent porosity, and hot modulus of rupture (HMoR). The results show the CCS/CMoR and HMoR of C-LCC and C-S-LCC are greater than those of the castable C-S-NCC. According to the microstructure analysis, the sintering effect and the bonding type of the matrix material differ among the three castables. The calcium hexaluminate (CA₆) phase in the matrix of C-LCC enhances the cold and hot mechanical strengths. In the case of C-S-LCC, the CA₆ and 2CaO·2MgO·14Al₂O₃ (C₂M₂A₁₄) ternary phases generated from the matrix can greatly increase the cold and hot mechanical strengths. In the case of the no-cement castable, sintering becomes difficult, resulting in a lower mechanical strength.     

原位生长CNTs对于铜基复合材料性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）法成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料。采用内氧化法制备Cu-Al₂O₃粉末,利用CVD技术改善碳纳米管（carbon nanotubes, CNTs）在铜基体中的分散性和界面结合,提高复合材料的性能。在制备的铜基复合材料中,Al₂O₃和CNTs双增强相的加入能够提高复合材料的力学性能,且CNTs独特的纤维结构有助于阻止熔融铜脱离基体表面,保持液态熔池稳定,避免复合材料导电率降低。双增强相的添加提高了复合材料的耐磨性、抑制了腐蚀坑的形成。Al的质量分数为0.35%的CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料能够保证导电率较高的情况下得到较高的维氏硬度与致密度。为制备高性能铜基电接触材料提供了新思路。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2涂层的干摩擦磨损特性

利用等离子喷涂方法制备了Al2O3-TiO2涂层,测定了涂层的显微硬度和表观气孔率,并对涂层与GCr15钢配副,在不同P-V值及无润滑情况下进行了球 - 盘式摩擦磨损试验.试验结果表明:Al2O3-TiO2(w(TiO2)=13%)涂层在低速低载条件下具有显著的减摩抗磨性能;Al2O3-TiO2(w(TiO2)=20%)和Al2O3-TiO2(w(TiO2)=40%)涂层在高压力、转速工况下,具有优良的干摩擦特性.研究结果为实际生产选择涂层提供了依据.     

Effect of B2O3 on the aqueous tape casting and microwave properties of Li2O–Nb2O5–TiO2 ceramics

The effect of B2O3 addition on the aqueous tape casting, sintering, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics has been investigated. The tape casting slurries exhibit a typical shear-thinning behavior without thixotropy, but the addition of B2O3 increases the viscosity of the slurries significantly. It was found that doping of B2O3 can decrease the tensile strength, strain to failure and density of the green tapes. The sintering temperature could be lowed down to 900℃ with the addition of 2 wt% B2O3 due to the liquid phase effect. No secondary phase is observed. The addition of B2O3 does not induce much degradation on the microwave dielectric properties. Optimum microwave dielectric properties of εr 67, Q×f 6560 GHz are obtained for Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics containing 2 wt% B2O3 sintered at 900 1C. It represents that the ceramics could be promising for multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) application.