元代孙逢吉《准斋心制几漏图式》新探

《准斋心制几漏图式》是研究漏刻"随刻改箭"之最重要文献,自清人黄丕烈以来,该书被认为成书于宋代,而其价值亦为今人所忽视。该书附有珍贵的25支漏箭图,序言记载了几漏的制作缘起,漏壶的保养,以及长期被前人忽略的问题——漏刻连续计时的运作方式。漏刻之"随刻改箭",依据历书所载昼夜长短数值,据此证明该书参照《授时历》,当成书于元代,作者孙逢吉为浙江人士。     

韩国国立古宫博物馆世宗朝自击漏复原(英文)

自动时报漏刻(自击宫漏)是宫中都工匠护军蒋英实奉世宗大王(李祹,1397—1450年;1418—1450年在位)之命于1433年制造的。从1434年7月1日开始它成为国家的标准计时仪器。对民众报时的午正、人定和罢漏就是根据这套计时仪器报的。它安装在景福宫的报漏阁里,因此后称报漏阁漏.景福宫是国家天文台"简仪台"所在地。它能够通过操控声音和视觉信号发生系统依朝鲜时代的二元化时制——即十二时辰和五更点法——自动报时。系统自动发出报时声同时显示指示,报出十二时、百刻,以及五更时刻。世宗大王创制的报漏阁自击漏成为模型在朝鲜(1392—1910年)经历过3次复制或修复——1433年的初创,1536年的再创以及1618年的重创。初创之后574年,2004年为了纪念韩国国立古宫博物馆在首尔开馆,文化财厅,博物馆与建国大学校和自击漏硏究会签订了自击漏复原计划,到2007年11月展示了复原的自击漏。复原计划是按照《世宗实录.报漏阁记》中的记载以及原器物的一些残余部分——包括1536年和1618年仪器的现存部分——进行的。用了一年半的时间复制漏器和自击装置。文章从机械学和功能方面的细节系统地描述了复原的过程,包括根据当时的教范《漏筹通义》的记载刻制十一支箭.《漏筹通义》是根据授时历和经过汉阳(当时朝鲜首都)地方时校正的《七政算内篇》编纂的。自击漏包括4个主要部分:(1)漏器部,通过安排三级播水壶,用于两个受水壶递水的计时壶来计时;(2)方木机构,通过在相应的时间落下相应的小铜丸将水平面转换到以数字显示的二元报时时刻标示信号;(3)铁丸放出机构,由复杂的杠杆系统操纵的机构放大动力报时机来操作。(4)视听觉报时部,由两个次一级结构组成。一个是十二时辰报时机部,包括一个钟和木制的小雕像系统,以不同次数的敲钟声和相应的木制的十二支神小雕像举出的时辰牌来报时。另一个是更点机,包括一面鼓、一面锣、以及小雕像,小雕像在不同的更点敲击出相应次数的锣鼓声以报更点。我们对已经失传几个世纪的铁丸作动人形机构的详细复制表明,蒋英实受到了阿拉伯铁丸利用报时法的启发,发明了丸落下时刻标时法(通过落丸来标示时刻的机械装置),并通过改进13世纪阿拉伯时计师al-Jazari的仪器来实现将动力传到对人形机构的推动中。另一方面,苏颂的《新仪象法要》,《元史》中描述的郭守敬的大明殿灯漏以及顺帝的宫漏可能影响了世宗朝的宫廷学者。总的来说,这次复原源于对当时的文献记载和遗物的重建,中国-阿拉伯钟表技术对我们也很有帮助。全部系统现在运行良好。我们的复原将有助于重建古代东亚、甚至阿拉伯的机械水钟。     

一支指引捷径的“将军箭”

一支指引捷径的“将军箭”江苏省社科院文学所主办的《明清小说研究》第３９期，刊登了福州大学王枝忠《喜读马成生＜水浒通论＞》一文。该文对我院中文系马成生教授的《水浒通论》一书作了评论。王文指出，这部《水浒通论》“全面完备”．它“把《水浒》的形成、作者和版...     

安徽水稻、小麦重大病虫害发生规律演变及防控技术研究

一、课题主要研究成果1 水稻稻曲病流行规律和控灾技术研究通过2007-2008年两年稻曲病田间分生孢子捕捉结果和2007-2009三年三地的稻曲病防治剂分期防治结果得出,稻曲病的最佳防治时间在箭叶耳始见期或箭叶展开期,比以前有些研究者提出的“孕穗前3～5天”还早一周左右,提前或推迟防治效果明显下降,提出的形态指标也比以前好掌握.     

古代军中计时法再议

古代军中计时法模拟漏刻,操作便捷,所见有步行计时法、数珠计时法.《武经总要》所载之步行计时法沿用《太白阴经》,其昼夜长短数据有历法的渊源.中国古代时间计量有昼夜之分,如测时定更,起算点常用天亮、天黑或日出、日落,这些时间点存在周期变化,两种军中计时法在运作时,需参照官方历法之昼夜长短数值.这种情况,与漏刻改箭依据官历昼夜时刻的原理相类,可以从制度层面增进对时间计量的理解,并丰富对中国古代历法社会功能的认识.     

箭的遭遇

绷得“吱吱”响的弓弦一松，箭“嗖”一声飞上了天空。 “闪开，闪开!”箭迎头撞见几只蜻蜓在捉蚊子，气势汹汹地喊，“别挡我的路，我要飞上天!飞得这么低、这么慢，还敢在前面挡路!”     

中国航天再破记录，“一箭多星”技术更上一层楼

<正>6月15日13时30分，“长征二号”丁遥八十八运载火箭在太原发射中心成功将“吉林一号”高分06A星等41颗卫星准确送入预定轨道，刷新了我国一次发射卫星数量最多的纪录。众所周知，借助运载火箭发射升空到达预定轨道是卫星在太空中执行任务的前提条件。早期的卫星发射均采用“一箭一星”方式，将卫星送入预定轨道。随着卫星空间任务的不断深化和需求增多，出现了“一箭双星”“一箭多星”方式。     

沃夫拉姆《一种新科学》的非线性动力学观点 第2卷

本书作者指出：“我们的首要目的是向不熟悉细胞自动机的外行读者从非线性动力学的角度介绍细胞自动机”。本书的第2卷共有3章承接第1卷中的第1～3章，包括第4～6章。4．从伯努利推移至1／f谱；5．无处不在的分形分析；6．从时间可逆向吸引子到时间之箭。     

预测模型组合开关

不同预测模型在同一时刻都存在不同的预测误差,最优组合预测的预测精度要比其他模型高,但并不是所有时刻误差都最小,有的时刻可能比单项预测误差还大,因此,在预测时就存在较大的风险.再组合预测可以降低预测风险,但方法比较复杂难以推广.针对这些问题,我们设计一种预测模型组合开关,根据数据的变化,不同时刻采用不同预测模型,使预测误差每一期都最小,或不是最大.实证结果表明,预测模型开关能够根据数据特征有效控制模型输出.     

赤壁之战之草船借箭

嗓户灯写七二叹悠—仁孔明先生,水战需箭,限你十日造十万支,完不成处死!〔可今。.一、、“‘粼炙昧耳嘿鞘募戳肇磷蒸刹时间箭如雨下,每艘草船上都扎了五六千支箭,犹如刺猖一般。赤壁之战之草船借箭@林晓佳     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that