基于相关性的指数保费原理下的信度模型

随着险种的不断增多,经验费率厘定在非寿险中有着广泛的应用,在经典信度理论的指导下,指数保费原理下信度模型成为一种重要的研究方法.通常纯保费包含于信度保费估计范畴中,但在应用时的纯保费不仅仅指的是实际收取的保险费,这就需要发挥安全负荷保费原理作用.本研究基于指数保费原理,对误差、考虑风险等相关的多合同信度模型进行探究.这一结果推广了考虑单一相关性条件下得到的信度保费.     

具有时间变化效应的信度模型

利用信度理论方法研究了具有时间变化效应的风险保费的估计问题.结论表明,具有时间变化效应的信度模型,其信度估计仍然是个体索赔数据与聚合保费的加权平均,且信度因子依赖时间变化效应,从而推广了经典的信度原理     

Esscher保费原理下信度估计的比较

在Esscher保费原理下建立了信度模型,得到在Esscher保费原理下,风险保费的Bayes保费、Bayes估计、信度保费与信度估计.比较了这几个估计的异同,并证明了这些估计的相合性.最后,用模拟方法验证了相应的结论.     

基于时间效应的广义信度模型

考虑保费的目标估计,利用信度定价原理对具有时间效应的风险保费进行了研究,得到了平衡损失函数下的信度估计.结果表明,信度因子依赖于时间变化效应.     

矩相关保费原理中具有风险相依结构的信度模型

在经典信度理论中,信度估计只适合净保费原理,很难推广到一般的保费原理,并且其假设保单组合不同保单索赔额之间独立,没有考虑风险之间相依性.该文根据一种统一的保费原理(即矩相关保费原理),考虑风险之间的相依性,运用信度理论方法估计风险随机变量的矩母函数,给出在矩相关保费原理中具有风险相依结构的保费估计,并且给出结构参数的无偏估计,从而推广了经典信度理论.     

矩相关保费原理下具有时间变化效应的信度模型

经典信度估计只适用于净保费原理,难以推广到一般保费原理,在实际应用中,赔付额间具有时间变化效应。根据矩相关保费原理,考虑赔付额间的时间变化效应,采用信度理论方法估计赔付额随机变量的条件矩母函数,给出矩相关保费原理下具有时间变化效应的信度估计。通过数值模拟,得到基于矩相关保费原理,几种常见保费原理下风险保费的信度估计满足相合性。     

具有共同效应的多维信度模型(英文)

建立了具有随机共同效应的多维信度模型,得到了该模型中的非齐次与齐次信度估计.并讨论了这些估计的性质.类似于经典的信度理论,具有共同效应的多维信度仍然可以表示为个体数据、聚合数据与聚合保费的加权和,其权重被称为信度因子矩阵.最后,给出一个数值例子说明了多维信度估计的计算方法.     

聚合风险模型下的信度估计

利用信度理论的方法,建立了Bayes聚合风险的信度模型,得到未来年总索赔的信度保费.进一步地,在多合同模型下,提出了结构参数的无偏估计,并证明了这些估计的统计性质.     

Stein损失函数下的保费估计

利用信度理论研究在Stein损失函数下的保费估计问题,分析了贝叶斯估计、信度估计、多层贝叶斯估计3种估计,并计算3种保费估计,比较其结果发现在Stein损失函数下:当样本数n趋于无穷大时,信度保费会收敛到风险保费,且多层贝叶斯估计比贝叶斯估计的稳健性更强.     

LINEX损失函数下具有时间效应的多合同信度模型

采用信度理论的方法,在既考虑制定保费的公平性、合理性,又考虑不同风险组之间具有特殊相关结构(即时间效应)的基础上,研究了LINEX损失函数下具有时间效应的多合同模型,推导出信度保费,也得到了LINEX损失函数下多合同Bühlmann模型的信度保费和结构参数的无偏估计,从而推广了经典信度理论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that