拟南芥逆境诱导型启动子rd29A的克隆及活性检测

以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,通过特异PCR扩增,克隆逆境诱导表达启动子rd29A。序列分析表明,该启动子与NCBI上已报道rd29A的启动子有9964%的同源性,其序列含有干旱诱导表达元件DRE和ABA作用元件ABRE等顺式作用元件。用rd29A启动子替换pBI121载体上的35S启动子构建新的载体pBrd-GUS,并以农杆菌介导法将其转入烟草。转基因烟草的GUS组织化学染色及PCR分析结果表明,在低温、干旱及高盐等胁迫诱导下,rd29A启动子可增强GUS基因表达,因此,rd29A启动子可应用于植物抗逆基因工程研究。     

非生物胁迫下小麦TaGAPCp1基因启动子的功能分析

探究质体形式的GAPCp (Plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)基因启动子响应干旱、盐和外源ABA等非生物胁迫的机理.首先从中国春小麦中克隆得到TaGAPCp1基因上游1 985 bp的核苷酸序列,经Plant CARE数据库分析表明,该启动子含有众多防御和逆境响应元件(defense and stress-responsive ele-ments,DSREs),激素响应元件(hormone-responsive elements,HREs)和光响应元件(light-responsive ele-ments,LREs).从小麦数据库下载Ta GAPCp亚家族基因启动子序列,序列对比分析表明,该亚家族成员启动子上功能元件种类相近但数量相差较大.构建含TaGAPCp1基因启动子的表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草并进行ABA (100μmol·L~(-1))、PEG8000 (20%)、Na Cl (250 mmol·L~(-1))和4℃低温处理,组织化学染色显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能驱动GUS基因的表达但活性明显低于Ca MV35S,GUS活性分析显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能响应非生物胁迫.通过农杆菌介导的浸花法转化拟南芥,经潮霉素和羧苄青霉素筛选及叶片PCR检测,最终获得稳定遗传的转基因拟南芥20株,并得知转基因拟南芥中的GUS基因能被干旱胁迫显著诱导表达.     

拟南芥CGP1基因启动子克隆及其GUS转基因植株的构建

前期研究发现一个功能未知基因响应植物镉胁迫,将之命名为CGP1。文章为探究植物基因CGP1的表达模式及其在响应镉胁迫中的表达变化情况,以野生型拟南芥为实验材料构建CGP1基因启动子接pART7-GUS载体及其转基因植株。通过提取野生型拟南芥的DNA,并以DNA为模板利用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术克隆得到CGP1基因启动子序列,将启动子序列和GUS载体双酶切后进行连接,并转化到大肠杆菌感受态细胞中,通过测序获得构建成功的ProCGP1-GUS载体。利用浸染花序法将ProCGP1-GUS载体转入野生型拟南芥中,并通过抗性筛选获得ProCGP1-GUS转基因阳性植株,为研究镉胁迫下CGP1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

拟南芥器官大小调控基因AtKIX8启动子的克隆和表达分析

为研究拟南芥器官大小调控基因AtKIX8的表达模式,以期进一步研究其功能机制,克隆了该基因启动子序列,获取了启动子-GUS转基因报告植株.利用GUS组织化学染色检测了该启动子作用位置,利用荧光定量PCR分析了启动子对外源激素及冷胁迫的响应.结果表明该启动子诱导GUS基因在幼苗茎尖分生区,成株茎、叶主脉中特异性表达,生长素和低温处理显著提高GUS基因的表达量.说明拟南芥AtKIX8基因启动子具备组织特异性表达模式,且能受到外源生长素和低温的诱导.     

植物MYC1基因拟南芥表达载体构建及鉴定分析

随地球环境污染,气候变化问题愈发严重,植物生长过程中面临的极端环境风险也随之增加,植物所受环境胁迫中缺铁胁迫广泛存在。文章以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增克隆拟南芥MYC1基因启动子区域,经过酶切和连接,与GUS(β-葡萄糖苷酸酶)表达载体构建融合表达载体ProMYC1-GUS。通过浸花法侵染野生型拟南芥植株获得转基因材料,并对ProMYC1-GUS转基因材料进行缺铁诱导GUS组织染色,证明植物MYC1基因在缺铁胁迫下表达受到抑制。     

复苏植物牛耳草BhLEA2基因启动子的分离和基因表达模式研究

为研究干旱诱导的基因表达模式,利用Inverse-PCR和Tail-PCR的方法从复苏植物牛耳草（Boea hygrometrica（Bunge）R Br．）中扩增出胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白编码基因BhLEA2的1215bp启动子序列,命名为PBhLEA2。构建了由PBhLEA2启动子引导GUS嵌合基因的植物表达载体pBhLEA2-GUS,并经农杆菌介导导入到烟草中,得到4株转基因烟草植株。GUS检测分析表明,该启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因烟草的种子和刚萌发的小苗的子叶和胚轴中高效表达,在10-20d苗龄的植株中不表达,表现出一定的发育阶段和组织特异性。干旱、高盐胁迫及脱落酸（ABA）、乙烯和H2O2等信号分子可在不同程度上诱导GUS报告基因在20d苗龄的转基因植株的叶片中表达,但只有ABA可诱导其在根中表达,表明该启动子对BhLEA2基因表达的调控受环境信号影响。     

水稻Rho家族OsRac2启动子的转基因功能鉴定

采用PCR扩增的方法,构建了OsRac2基因转录起始位点上游1.7 kb的启动子5′缺失植物表达载体,转化烟草并筛选阳性转基因植株.以多种激素处理转基因烟草,通过组织化学分析和GUS荧光活性的检测,证实Os-Rac2启动子上存在着一些激素应答元件,该基因的表达可能受茉莉酸的正调控,脱落酸等激素的负调控.     

油葵种子特异性基因HaAP10启动子克隆及功能验证

为研究植物脂质转移蛋白基因HaAP10启动子能否在油葵种子中驱动外源基因特异性表达,从油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)基因组DNA中采用PCR技术克隆了HaAP10基因上游的调控序列964bp.序列分析结果表明,964bp核苷酸序列与报道序列同源性99%,包含TATA-box等基因表达的重要特征元件及种子特异表达所必需的核苷酸序列.将其与β-葡糖苷酸酶(β-glucuronidase,GUS)基因融合构建植物表达载体,并利用花粉管通道法转化油葵获得转基因植株,通过PCR鉴定和组织化学染色进行分析.PCR扩增初步证明目的片段已整合到油葵基因组中,组织化学分析表明HaAP10基因启动子能够驱动GUS基因在种子中特异表达,而在根、茎和叶中无GUS活性.结果表明HaAP10基因上游964bp片段可驱动外源基因在油葵种子中特异性表达,具有种子特异性启动子的功能,为油葵植物生物反应器的构建提供了优良的基因资源,同时也为油葵的油脂基因工程改良提供了基因资源.     

拟南芥Pro:RFE6-GUS载体的构建及其转基因植株的筛选

重金属污染主要来自于工业和农业废水的排放,而重金属对生物往往造成不可逆的伤害,重金属镉便是其中一种。为探究镉胁迫对拟南芥AtRFE6基因表达的影响,文章以哥伦比亚背景(Columbia, Col)的拟南芥为实验材料,构建拟南芥Pro:RFE6-GUS转基因植株。以野生型拟南芥DNA为模板,扩增AtRFE6启动子片段,并对该启动子和GUS质粒进行双酶切和连接;然后将重组质粒热转入大肠杆菌DH5α进行鉴定和测序,测序正确的质粒转入农杆菌,并侵染野生型拟南芥;对筛选获得的转基因植株进行镉胁迫处理并GUS染色,结果表明拟南芥在受到镉胁迫时,AtRFE6基因的表达量增加,说明AtRFE6可能参与调节植物对镉胁迫的响应。     

白桦BpTCP7基因启动子的克隆及表达分析

【目的】研究BpTCP7启动子的表达模式,为深入分析BpTCP7基因功能提供一定参考。【方法】克隆了BpTCP7基因上游1 791 bp启动子序列,通过PLACE和Plant CARE网址对顺式作用元件进行分析,然后转入拟南芥,并分析BpTCP7启动子的组织表达特性及盐、旱胁迫应答反应。【结果】BpTCP7启动子序列中含有与细胞周期、开花、叶片发育、激素及胁迫响应等相关的顺式作用元件。该启动子在拟南芥中的表达模式呈现为营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段均有表达,且在叶片中表达明显,与此同时,BpTCP7启动子在幼嫩、成熟叶片的边缘均有表达。与对照相比,NaCl、PEG胁迫诱导处理后BpTCP7基因表达量有升高的现象。【结论】BpTCP7基因参与白桦的叶片发育、激素应答、胁迫响应(盐、干旱)等生物学过程,对营养、生殖生长阶段各组织器官的发育也有一定的调控作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to