Correction to: Knowledge Sharing: What Works and What Doesn’t Work: A Critical Systems Thinking Perspective

Systemic Practice and Action Research - The article missed to include the article Acknowledgment that should be written as follows.     

Prologue: The Global Challenge Outlined: Representation Accountability and Sustainable Futures

This volume reflects on the program of research undertaken by members and associates of the International Sociological Association’s Joint Session of Research Committee 10 on Participation and Research Committee 51 on sociocybernetics and the graduates and contributors to the Flinders University research cluster on user centric design to enhance representation and accountability for a sustainable future.

Technical Note ：SINGLE-PERIOD TWO-PRODUCT INVENTORY MODEL WITH SUBSTITUTION： SOLUTION AND PROPERTIES

In this paper, we study a single-period two-product inventory model with stochastic demands and downward substitution. The optimal order quantities are presented and some properties are provided. Comparing with newsboy model, we prove that both the profit and the fill rate can be improved by using the substitution policy. This work was supported partly by NSFC/RGC Joint Research Program under grant 79910161987 and the National Science Foundation of China (79825102, 70231010, 70321001). Lianqiao CAI is lecturer of School of International Business, Beijing Foreign Studies University. He received his B.S. and M.S. from School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, in 1995 and 1998, and Ph.D of Management Science from Tsinghua University in 2002. His research areas include supply chain management, optimization techniques. Jian Chen is Professor and Chairman of the Management Science Department and co-director of the Research Center for Contemporary Management, Tsinghua University. He has over 80 papers published in some leading international journals and first class Chinese journals, and has been a principal investigator for over 20 grants or research contracts with National Science Foundation of China, governmental organizations, and companies. His main research interests include supply chain management, E-commerce, modeling and control for complex systems, decision support systems and information systems, and forecast and optimization techniques. He serves as associate editor of the “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part A” and “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part C”, and on the Editorial Board of “The International Journal of Electronic Business” and “System Research and Behavioral Science”. He is the recipient of the Outstanding Contribution Award of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society in 1996, and the Young Scientist Award of China in 1992. He was Secretary General of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics in Beijing, Co-chair of the IPC of 1998 International Conference on Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Chair of the First Asian eBiz Workshop in 2001, Co-chair of the Asian eBiz Workshop in 2002 and 2003, and Co-chair of the international conference on Global Supply Chain Management in 2002. Houmin Yan received his B.S. and M.S. from the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Management, University of Toronto in 1993. From Jan. 1994, he is with the Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong as an Assistance, Associate and Full Professor. He was a tenured Associate Professor at School of Management, the Univ. of Texas at Dallas. His main research areas are operations management, stochastic models, simulations, and supply chain management. He has published in journals such as Operations Research, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Journal of Optimization: Theory and Applications, IIE Transactions and IEEE Transactions. He consults several high-tech companies, such as Motorola, C&K Systems, and Oriental Power, on issues spanning from production planning and scheduling, supply chain management to business process re-engineering. He is a member of INFORMS.     

系统视角：经济文化一体化研究

世界范围内经济化一体化的发展势头愈来愈强劲。这是一种系统整体化趋势。它要求我们必须具备系统眼光，应用系统方法加以观察、研究。还探讨了经济化复合体这一系统综合性事物和经济化力这一种系统综合力，强调系统方法是把握经济化一体化与走向可持续发展的时代性方法。     

Interdisciplinarity: Potentials and Challenges

Interdisciplinarity, as a concept and practice, is reviewed and related to a recent article (Romm, 1998) in this journal. Authors advocating interdisciplinarity for social research and problem solving seem to have diverse, if often largely implicit, epistemological, and other assumptions informing their proposals. Romm (1998) develops and advocates a critical and reflexive orientation for tying interdisciplinarity to action research and related endeavors. For some academicians, however, interdisciplinarity appears to be considered a relatively unproblematic pursuit of merely selecting appropriate methods. Significant issues and questions concerning interdisciplinary pursuits, particularly in academic settings, exist and are briefly explored, based on the experiences and perceptions of the author. Basic structures and processes found in fields such as action research/science and management systems often seem neglected and very much needed for interdisciplinary inquiry and knowledge construction.     

Wholeness: Dimensions of Power

The development of a social systems model is traced from its beginnings in 1976. The initial concern was how to explain a dramatic increase in the performance of an organization. The conditions for this change could eventually be explained, and regularly reproduced, by employing the three relationships and phases of appreciation, influence, and control. The relationships can be used to develop power whose source is in purpose. Cases, procedures, and diagrams are reviewed that guide application of the model and point to its further elaboration.     

Earthdream: A critical interpretation

“The Earth is on the verge of destruction” has become a common cry nowadays. This cry embodies “the Earth and its ailments” as a symbol which synthesizes many concerns revolving around modern decadence and the current predicament of human-kind. But what contexts provide full meaning to this symbol? What conditions have made possible the emergence not only of extremely waste-oriented and environmentally dangerous societies but also of a spiritually impoverished world? In the spirit of interpretive systemology, a critical interpretation of the “Earth's ailments” is undertaken in this paper. The interpretive task is cast in the form of a hermeneutical exercise, namely, the exegesis ofEarthdream, a book written by Robert Hamilton. This particular piece of work, upon which the present paper is fully based, is chosen as a vehicle for the critical interpretive inquiry, not only because it summarizes the current debate on the world crisis (thus providing a standard reference for beginning the interpretive inquiry), but also because the argument it develops can be molded within a format which facilitates the critical interpretation to be conducted. Accordingly, two interpretive contexts will be uncovered, and internal and external critiques outlined; to give full meaning to the symbol “Earth's ailments.” Two major interests propel the interpretive task. One relates to the participation of systems practitioners in the current crisis and the need to encourage responsible systems practice. The other interest arises simply from the fact that we are all on the same raft called Earth, and the raft seems to be sinking!     

Systemic therapy: An overview

An outline is given of the historical development of systems ideas within the field of therapy. A history of systemic therapy is provided, from the early days of the Mental Research Institute to recent influences upon therapeutic practice. Key applications of theory are described and current areas of debate are highlighted.     

Big Data: Unleashing information

At present,it is projected that about 4 zettabytes(or 10**21 bytes)of digital data are being generated per year by everything from underground physics experiments to retail transactions to security cameras to global positioning systems.In the U.S.,major research programs are being funded to deal with big data in all five sectors(i.e.,services,manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining)of the economy.Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of available tools to undertake their acquisition,access,analytics and/or application in a reasonable amount of time.Whereas Tien(2003)forewarned about the data rich,information poor(DRIP)problems that have been pervasive since the advent of large-scale data collections or warehouses,the DRIP conundrum has been somewhat mitigated by the Big Data approach which has unleashed information in a manner that can support informed-yet,not necessarily defensible or valid-decisions or choices.Thus,by somewhat overcoming data quality issues with data quantity,data access restrictions with on-demand cloud computing,causative analysis with correlative data analytics,and model-driven with evidence-driven applications,appropriate actions can be undertaken with the obtained information.New acquisition,access,analytics and application technologies are being developed to further Big Data as it is being employed to help resolve the 14 grand challenges(identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008),underpin the 10 breakthrough technologies(compiled by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013)and support the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization.     

二进制译码器综述

指令二进制码的译码过程是指令集模拟器、反汇编器以及调试器等软件的重要组成部分,译码效率直接影响到这类工具的性能。硬件译码中多个逻辑表达式可并发求值,而软件译码是串行过程,速率较低,成为ISS等软件工具性能提升的瓶颈。随着ISS由简单的解释型发展为编译型,二进制码译码器也随之朝着性能提升、可适用于多种体系结构、易于软件维护的方向发展。本文分析现有的典型指令模拟器的译码部分,并对其进行分类:由简单的逐条指令译码过程构成的循环,发展至直观的译码结果的缓存,再到利用编译器对译码过程的加速,以及针对ISS便于向多种体系结构移植而构建的译码器生成算法的研究。分析各种译码方式的优缺点,包括速率、可移植性及软件维护性等方面。     

新的混合智能系统R-FC-DENN

以认知心理学、模型集成理论为基础,构建了集粗糙集理论、聚类理论、模糊逻辑理论、遗传算法理论、人工神经网络理论于一体的一个新的混合智能系统R-FC-DENN。它首先通过粗糙集将输入样本进行约简,然后用聚类技术将简化后的样本进行聚类,对不同的聚类使用经过遗传算法改进了的神经网络进行训练,接着将这些经过不同神经网络训练的样本用模糊权值组合起来,放入新的用遗传算法改进了的神经网络再进行训练,从而完成整个训练过程。最后用UCI下的实际数据库对提出的混合智能系统R-FC-DENN的实用性进行了检验,证明方法是可行的。     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS： INTO PRACTICE

Modeling a business to match its customer perceived （and customer desired） outcomes, remains an on-going task. This paper considers shows how a service value networks （SVNs） approach may be engaged to model, and deliver, understanding of the front-end business and its direct engagement with its immediate （or front-end） customers. These front-end customers may be either： （1） its off-line, in-store customers - engaging directly with the business sales staff （or representative）, or-（2） its on-line, virtual customers - engaging with the business via internet or remote access. In this situation, both the business, and the customer draw upon their respective viewpoints, and both sides influence the interaction. External to these business and customer influences are additional factors that capture the immediate and broader global effects - termed environmental effects. These three business-customer engagement areas of influence are captured by a SVN SEM approach.
Without a business-customer encounter of some kind the likelihood of a services business, and a prospecting customer, successfully engaging in an exchange process is reduced. This exchange may be a physical, and/or services exchange, and/or an information and/or ideas exchange. To the business, this encounter is, in effect, a trade, and as a result, the business targets acquiring an economic exchange that will ultimately deliver a net positive economic outcome. To the customer, external and internal information feeds, servicing, perceived value, and satisfaction, are key encounter drivers. SVNs offers a new way to understand the business-customer encounter, and to then utilize this acquired knowledge to either： （1） build a strategic management model, or （2） reengineer its business networks, and to then create a re-positioned, more customer-aligned business operation - one that is capable of delivering win - win, competitive business-customer solutions.