五指山小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型的病理学研究

目的观察小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型动脉病变的形态特点、分布规律和发展过程,为小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型的应用提供基础资料。方法3~4月龄五指山小型猪30头,随机分为3组,对照组6头,喂基础饲料,实验组分别饲喂含1.5%胆固醇的高脂饲料(T1组,12头)和含3.0%胆固醇的高脂饲料(T2组,12头),在实验后4、6、8和12个月,T1和T2组分别处死动物3头,对照组分别在实验后6个月和12个月各处死3头,对动物的心血管系统和主要脏器做病理学检查。结果实验后4个月,实验组动物均出现明显的早期动脉粥样硬化病变,至6个月和8个月,动脉病变逐渐加重,在实验后12个月,于动物的大、中血管观察到广泛的动脉病变。动脉病变易发且严重的部位为腹主动脉、髂动脉和冠状动脉,动脉病变少见且较轻的部位为颈总动脉、肠系膜总动脉和肾动脉。动脉病变大体分为3种类型,分别为以胸主动脉为代表的脂纹性病变,以腹主动脉为代表的纤维斑块病变和以冠状动脉为代表的中小动脉病变。动脉病变的发展过程在不同血管和不同部位也有差别,动脉病变的出现时间和严重程度动物个体之间差别较大,T1组和T2组差别不十分显著,以T2组略重。结论小型猪动脉粥样硬化病变与人类十分相似,但是不同部位的血管病变类型和发展过程有所不同,应根据实验需要选择观察血管和实验周期。     

三个品系小型猪Ⅱ型糖尿病模型的比较研究

目的比较三个品系小型猪对高糖高脂饲料诱发Ⅱ型糖尿病模型的敏感性,为我国小型猪在Ⅱ型糖尿病研究中的应用提供基础资料。方法4~5月龄巴马小型猪、五指山小型猪和中国农大小型猪各6头,以4头中国农大小型猪为对照,同步开展高糖高脂饲料喂养试验,试验周期8个月。每月称1次体重,测定血糖、血清胰岛素含量,每2个月进行1次静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT),测定脂质代谢相关指标。结果巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪对高糖、高脂饲料比较敏感,在饲喂5~6个月后,开始出现糖代谢异常,表现为显著肥胖、血清胰岛素升高和胰岛素敏感性下降。至实验后8个月,巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪各有1头发展为糖尿病,分别有3头和2头出现糖尿病前期症状。中国农大小型猪对高糖高脂饲料诱发糖尿病相对不敏感,实验期间空腹血糖水平、血清胰岛素含量、胰岛素敏感指数和IVGTT一直无显著变化,仅在实验后7个月开始表现肥胖,8个月出现胰岛素敏感性减低。三个品系小型猪在高糖高脂饲喂后,血脂相关指标(TG,CHO,HDL-C,LDL-C)普遍升高,以巴马小型猪升高幅度最大。结论巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪对高糖、高脂饲料诱发Ⅱ型糖尿病比较敏感,品系内个体差异较大。中国农大小型猪相对不敏感。这一结果为进一步的Ⅱ型糖尿病相关基因分析和高敏感家系培育研究提供了基础资料。     

全身麻醉对巴马小型猪空腹血糖测定的影响

目的 探讨全身麻醉对高糖高脂饲料诱导的2型糖尿病巴马小型猪空腹血糖的影响。方法 巴马小型猪16头随机分为2组每组8头,对照组为正常饲料组,实验组为高糖高脂饲料诱导组。对16头巴马小型猪分别在全身麻醉前后测定空腹血糖,麻醉前后的血糖值进行组内、组间统计分析。结果 两组小型猪在麻醉前后空腹血糖值差异显著,高糖高脂饲料组麻醉后空腹血糖值升高与对照组差异极显著。结论 全身麻醉后巴马小型猪空腹血糖值明显升高,高糖高脂诱导的巴马小型猪2型糖尿病动物模型空腹血糖升高更为显著。     

高脂高糖饮食对巴马小型猪肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨高脂高糖饮食8个月对巴马小型猪血脂和粪便中肠道菌群的影响。方法 将10头巴马小型猪随机分为对照组(n=3)和实验组(n=7),对照组小型猪正常喂养，实验组给予高脂高糖饮食。各组动物分别于实验前及实验8个月后进行空腹采血，检测三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等血脂指标。实验8个月后无菌采集各动物粪便，采用16S rRNA测序技术检测肠道菌群组成。结果 高脂高糖饮食8个月后，实验组粪便中肠道菌群物种数量未见明显改变，厚壁菌门相对丰度增加，拟杆菌门和变形菌门丰度降低(P<0.05)。实验组小型猪体质量、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 高脂高糖饮食可以增加巴马小型猪粪便中厚壁菌门相对丰度，降低拟杆菌门和变形菌门相对丰度，提示这些肠道菌群的失调可能参与调节了宿主高脂血症的发生。     

HbA1c 不适于小型猪血糖控制状态的监控

摘要:目的 糖化血红蛋白( HbA1c)是临床上常用的监测血糖控制状态的指标。 我们在巴马小型猪糖尿病模型的研究中,通过检测血液糖化血红蛋白含量,探讨 HbA1c 这一指标能否用于小型猪血糖控制状态的监控,以期为小型猪糖尿病研究提供基础数据。 方法 将 14 头小型猪随机分为 3 组,分别为对照组、高脂饲喂+链脲佐菌素( HFD+STZ)组和高胆固醇高脂饲喂+链脲佐菌素( HCFD+STZ) 组,对照组常规饲料喂养,HFD+STZ 组和 HCFD+STZ 组在高脂 / 高胆固醇高脂饲喂 3 个月后静脉注射 90 mg / kg 的 STZ,此后继续高脂 / 高胆固醇高脂饲喂 6 个月,实验期间每月检测空腹血糖( GLU) 、空腹胰岛素( INS) 、糖化血红蛋白、肝和肾功能指标( ALT、AST、CRE、BUN) 。 结果 2 个实验组每组各有 4 头小型猪在应用 STZ 后血糖显著升高,并持续至实验结束。 而 HbA1c 测定值各组之间差异不大。 其原因推测与小型猪红细胞对葡萄糖通透性较低有关。 结论 HbA1c 不适于小型猪血糖控制状态的监控。     

高糖高脂饲料诱导的小型猪肥胖模型

目的 探讨高脂高糖饲料对巴马小型猪脂肪分布与血液生化指标的影响。方法 巴马小型猪14头,实验组8头,为本实验室培育的2型糖尿病易感小型猪,饲喂高脂高糖饲料30周;对照组6头饲喂正常饲料。30周后测定体型系数、CT扫描脂肪含量、采集血液检测生化指标,比较实验组与对照组的差异。结果 高脂高糖饲料饲喂30周后实验组动物与对照组动物在体质量、体质指数(BMI)、脂肪总含量差异显著(P<0.05),内脏脂肪含量差异极显著(P<0.01);血液生化指标中胰岛素、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三脂与对照组相比差异极为显著(P<0.01),低密脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,实验组巴马小型猪血清蛋白、肌酸酐与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);尿酸、尿素与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),显示实验组小型猪呈现肾损伤。结论 高脂高糖饮食能够引起巴马小型猪脂肪堆积,内脏脂肪堆积尤为明显,血液生化指标呈高脂血症伴有肾功能的损伤。     

中国小型猪动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型的建立及其意义

本实验利用中国小型猪制作动脉粥样狭窄病变模型，采用球囊扩线的方法对１５头小型猪骼动脉内膜进行损伤并饲以高脂饮食，术后１２周病理检查内膜增生及管腔狭窄情况，结果显示：１３头动物２６支血管有１２支（４６．２％）狭窄程度对超过５０％，其中４支（１５．４％）血管完全闭塞。表明中国小型猪不仅能诱发动脉粥样硬化病变，而且在血管损伤的基础上也可以产生动脉病变。     

2型糖尿病易感小型猪遗传选育研究进展(一)

由于小型猪代谢机制与人类十分相似,使其成为糖尿病研究的理想动物模型。然而在作为家畜的长期选育过程中,小型猪获得了抵抗致糖尿病因素的特性。本实验室经过对245头成年巴马小型猪的空腹血糖筛选,获得了一头孕期高血糖的个体,这头猪生产了11头后代(存活10头),我们以这10头小型猪为基础,以高糖高脂饲料诱导过程的表现性状作为选育条件,经过2世代的选育,小型猪的糖尿病易感性从诱导7个月发病,进展为6个月发病。因此,推测有希望获得一个糖尿病易感的小型猪新品系。     

三个品系小型猪静脉糖耐量试验及相关血清生化指标的比较

目的比较三个品系小型猪静脉葡萄糖耐量及血糖相关指标的差异。方法实验用4月龄广西巴马小型猪和贵州小型猪,5月龄五指山猪,在相同饲养条件下进行实验。静脉注射50%葡萄糖进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验;常规生化方法检测血清血糖;化学发光法检测血清胰岛素;放免法测定HbAlc。结果静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)中,注糖后10 min血糖达到峰值,贵州小型猪和广西巴马小型猪分别在60 min和90 min时恢复至实验前血糖值。五指山猪在120 min时恢复至注糖前水平,而且在30~90 min各时间点的血糖值高于广西巴马小型猪和贵州小型猪(P<0.05)。三组动物中,贵州小型猪HbA1c含量较高(P>0.05),五指山猪胰岛素水平较低(P<0.01)。三个品系小型猪的空腹血糖和胰岛素敏感指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论在IVGTT实验中,三个品系小型猪的血糖下降趋势基本一致,五指山猪有一定特殊性;相关血清生化指标测定值接近。     

2型糖尿病滇南小耳猪动物模型的建立

目的采用高糖高脂饮食加链尿佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）的方法诱导建立滇南小耳猪2型糖尿病（T2DM）动物模型。方法 15只滇南小耳猪随机分为2组,实验组（n=10只）饲喂高糖高脂饲料,正常组（n=5只）饲喂普通饲料。喂养4周后,造模组按40 mg/kg剂量从耳后静脉注射STZ;正常组从耳后静脉注射相应剂量的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液。共观察8周,分别在随机分组后的第0、4、8周末采取动物禁食过夜后空腹血,测定血浆中血糖和血清中胰岛素。结果与正常组相比,实验组小型猪血糖和胰岛素抵抗指数明显增高（P〈0.05）,血清胰岛素水平明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论高糖高脂饲料辅以小剂量STZ诱导可成功建立滇南小耳猪2型糖尿病（T2DM）动物模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with