永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器在拉索减振中的应用研究

斜拉桥拉索易发生风雨振动,在拉索上安装磁流变阻尼器是一种有效的减振措施.基于洞庭湖大桥拉索减振系统升级改造工程,对永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器进行了力学性能试验,得到了该磁流变阻尼器在不同档位、频率和振幅工况下的滞回曲线,计算了不同档位下的等效阻尼系数,评估了拉索安装阻尼器后获得的实际阻尼比.结果表明,安装永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器后满足拉索减振要求.永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器已成功应用于岳阳洞庭湖大桥,解决了该桥严重的风雨致振动问题.     

MR阻尼器在抑制斜拉桥拉索风雨振中的应用研究

介绍了磁流变 ( MR)智能型阻尼器的原理 ,通过在我国洞庭湖大桥拉索振动控制的试验 ,得出在安装 MR阻尼器后拉索等效模态阻尼比的优化值 ,从而可调节 MR阻尼器外接电压值实现对拉索振动的优化控制 ,为探索更有效的抑制拉索振动方法提供了科学依据 .现场实测的风雨振现象 ,也证实了 MR阻尼器的实际制振效果     

半主动控制下超长斜拉索的面外风振响应

为了研究磁流变阻尼器在拉索面外风振下的减振效果,针对苏通大桥长达577 m的斜拉索进行了分析.基于线性自回归模型法,编制了风速和风荷载的模拟程序,并建立了拉索-磁流变阻尼器系统的有限元模型.利用ABAQUS软件,将得到的风荷载时程施加到斜拉索上,对不同电流、阻尼值的拉索-磁流变阻尼器系统进行仿真分析.在MATLAB中基于简单Bang-Bang算法编制了半主动控制算法,并计算了系统在振动控制下的面外风振响应.结果表明,在不出现磁饱和的情况下,随着电流增大以及磁流变阻尼器阻尼值的增加,拉索的面外风振响应不断减小,半主动控制下的拉索面外响应可减小20%以上.通过合理控制电流,可以使得磁流变阻尼器达到良好的减振效果.     

采用磁流变阻尼器的斜拉索半主动控制

采用基于位移和速度方向的半主动控制算法，对斜拉索和磁流变阻尼器组成的系统进行了动力分析．考察了斜拉索基频（张力、索长、质量）、Irvine参数、激励荷载（类型、频率、大小）等各种因素对斜拉索动力响应的影响，并与磁流变阻尼器被动控制、最优粘性油阻尼器控制效果进行了比较．以全索全时段振动响应的均方根作为振动控制效果的评价指标．研究表明：磁流变阻尼器半主动控制对斜拉索抑振效果比磁流变阻尼器被动控制、最优粘性油阻尼器有较大幅度的提高；索全长全时程振动响应的位移均方根减小幅度可达50％，且在磁流变阻尼器型号的有效区间内，可使多阶振动模态均取得较好的减振效果．     

磁流变阻尼器力学性能降低原因分析

磁流变阻尼器是一种新型的半主动耗能减振装置,其长期性能涉及磁流变液的稳定性、磁流变颗粒的氧化及阻尼器的密封性能.选取在岳阳洞庭湖大桥拉索减振系统上工作了10年的磁流变阻尼器开展了力学性能实验研究,并与新阻尼器进行了性能对比分析;拆解阻尼器观察其内部变化情况,发现磁流变液泄漏或沉淀;对阻尼器密封性能进行了实验,得到了不同安装角度的泄漏情况;对磁流变颗粒进行了SEM电镜扫描图分析,得到了其颗粒表面氧化情况.     

斜拉索-三单元Maxwell阻尼器系统的复模态分析

针对拉索-三单元Maxwell阻尼器系统的自由振动，运用复模态方法分析得到系统最优模态阻尼比和阻尼器最优阻尼系数的近似解析解．采用三单元Maxwell阻尼器模型模拟粘滞阻尼器、阻尼器内刚度和支架，得到拉索一三单元Maxwell阻尼器系统的运动方程．通过复模态分析得到以超越方程形式表达的系统自由振动阻尼特性的解析形式．对于阻尼器安装位置接近索端的情况，给出了有理函数形式的近似解析式．采用迭代法对解析形式的复特征频率方程进行了数值分析，结果表明近似解析式具有良好的精度．研究表明，阻尼器内刚度和支架柔度的耦合作用将显著削弱阻尼器的减振效果；阻尼器的最优阻尼系数随阻尼器内刚度的增大而增大，但随支架柔度的增大而减小．     

摩擦阻尼器-拉索系统振动特性试验研究

为研究拉索摩擦阻尼器的减振效果,开展了附加摩擦阻尼器拉索的自由振动和强 迫振动特性试验. 首先进行铜-钢金属摩擦阻尼器模型的力学性能试验,得到螺栓扭矩与摩擦 力之间的关系. 然后进行摩擦阻尼器-拉索系统模型自由振动特性试验研究,由试验测得的自 由振动位移衰减曲线得到对数衰减率,分析得到对数衰减率随振幅的变化规律,并与现有理 论进行对比. 通过快速傅里叶变换和小波变换对自由振动加速度时程进行频谱分析和时频分 析得到模态频率变化情况 . 最后进行拉索-摩擦阻尼器系统的不同激振力-控制强迫振动试 验,通过扫频方式得到拉索振幅与激振频率的关系,研究摩擦阻尼器对拉索共振幅值的影响. 试验结果表明摩擦阻尼器可以有效地减小小幅与大幅激振力时强迫振动的共振幅值;两者相 比,摩擦阻尼器在大幅激振力作用下减振效果更显著.     

管路减振用磁流变阻尼器设计与性能研究

针对流体动力管路减振降噪需求,提出了一种应用于流体动力管路振动控制的双出杆剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器设计方法.以磁流变阻尼器Bingham模型为基础,将磁流变阻尼器结构设计与磁路设计相结合,推导了阻尼器结构参数的计算公式.采用COMSOL对磁流变阻尼器电磁场进行了仿真,并计算了磁流变阻尼器在不同控制电流下的剪切应力.根据所提出的磁流变阻尼器设计方法及管路振动控制需求,研制了磁流变阻尼器样机,并对样机进行了动态力学性能测试.测试结果表明:磁流变阻尼器性能参数与理论设计要求基本一致,证明了该设计方法的正确性和可行性,并且采用该优化设计方法能够简化磁流变阻尼器设计过程和减小磁流变阻尼器体积.      

采用摩擦型阻尼器的斜拉索被动控制

研究了较常用的线性粘滞阻尼器具有更高附加阻尼的非线性摩擦型阻尼器的斜拉索振动控制.首先通过单自由度系统详细分析了摩擦型阻尼器的非线性阻尼特性.进而采用张紧弦模型模拟斜拉索,通过Galerkin方法建立了斜拉索-摩擦型阻尼器系统的运动方程.采用半解析半数值方法分析了斜拉索自由振动的阻尼特性,对其阻尼机理进行了讨论.通过对拉索模态阻尼比的参数分析,得到了阻尼器参数和拉索附加阻尼关系的通用设计曲线,并与已有实索试验结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好.研究了摩擦型阻尼器的参数优化取值,结果表明拉索的最大模态阻尼比依振动初始条件等参数影响分布在一个范围而非定值,其下限值仍高于采用线性粘滞阻尼器时所获得的最大模态阻尼比.     

混合模式磁流变阻尼器的机械腿减振控制

针对足式机器人在重载情况下机械腿会受到较大足地冲击,现有普通磁流变阻尼器的出力等级抑制有限的问题,提出一种剪切阀-挤压混合式磁流变阻尼器,并设计半主动控制器对机械腿进行减振控制.首先,分析新型磁流变阻尼器结构原理,并对其力学性能进行测试.然后,基于Bouc-Wen模型与实验数据,采用遗传算法对阻尼器力学正模型参数进行辨识求解.最后,建立基于新型混合磁流变阻尼器的机械腿减振系统的理论模型,并设计天棚控制器对其进行机械腿振动控制仿真.结果表明,新型混合式磁流变阻尼器在天棚控制策略下能有效降低机械腿振动的幅值与加速度,分别下降了49%和47%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to