提高矿用牙轮钻头轴承寿命的稀土渗碳研究

研究了稀土元素对牙轮钻头渗碳过程的影响。试验结果表明，加入稀土元素，使渗碳速度提高20％-30％，经渗碳-渗硼复合强化后，钻头轴承的寿命提高24．8％-27．8％，其穿孔米道提高率达25％-28％。     

20CrMnTi钢稀土低温渗碳工艺及应用的研究

在气体渗碳渗剂中添加微量稀土元素对渗入速度、显微组织以及性能有重大的影响.由于稀土元素具有较低的负电性和高的化学活性,在20CrMnTi钢渗碳过程中显示出优异的催渗效果,与原渗碳过程相比,可使渗入速度提高15％～20％,表层碳化物细化,质量有所提高.     

钛合金膏剂法渗硼

阐述了钛合金膏剂法渗硼的工艺和性能，并讨论了加入稀土元素的影响，试验表明：膏剂中加入稀土元素，能增加渗层深度、提高渗层表面硬度和耐蚀性，降低渗层脆性和耐磨性。     

快速渗碳工艺的研究

以电阻对焊机和高频感应电炉为快速加热热源,研究试样在表面熔化与未熔化状态下的石墨快速加热渗碳及稀土元素对其催渗的作用,通过对金阻组织.显微硬度及渗层深度的对比分析可知,石墨快速加热渗碳能在较短的时间内,获得较深的渗碳层深度,具有一定的使用价值.     

耐火砖模具的稀土高浓度渗碳

在煤油渗剂中添加微量稀土元素对A3钢耐火砖模具进行稀土高浓度渗碳 ,可使渗速加快 ,渗层碳浓度增高 ,层深尤其是过共析 共析层深度增加 ;渗层硬度较高且硬度梯度较缓 ;渗层组织中的碳化物数量增多 ,且呈细小颗粒状弥散分布。生产实践表明 ,经该工艺处理的耐火砖模具 ,使用寿命可比常规气体渗碳处理的提高2— 3倍。     

快速渗炭工艺的研究

以电阻对爆机和高频感应电炉为快速加热热源,研究试样在表面熔化与未熔化状态下的石墨快速加热渗碳及稀土元素对其催渗的作用,通过对金阻组织,显微硬度及渗层深度的对比分析可知,石墨块速加热渗碳能在较短的时间内,获得较深的渗碳层深度,具有一定的使用价值。     

奥氏体耐热钢抗渗碳性能的研究

本文通过对 ３６ＸＳ，３６Ｘ．ＨｉＳｉ－ＨＰ，Ｃｒ２５Ｎｉ３８，ＨＰ和 ＨＫ 等 ６种奥氏体耐 热钢在渗碳过程中渗层深度的增加速度、渗碳层最高含碳量等性能的研究．利用电子 探针微区成分分析的方法，深入探讨了 Ｓｉ，Ｎｉ．Ｃｒ．Ｆｅ 等合金元素在渗碳过程中　 的行为和对耐热钢渗碳性能的影响．得到Ｓｉ．Ｎｉ．Ｆｅ 等元素主要通过阻碍碳化物 形成而提高耐热钢的抗渗碳能力；渗碳过程中形成大量碳化物所需耍的 Ｃｒ 主要通 过渗层内基体提供．渗层内总的含 Ｃｒ 量并没增加，因渗层内基体含Ｃｒ量的显著下 降而使其耐氧化腐蚀能力下降。     

新型无毒液体渗碳剂的研究

研究了以活性炭粉和石墨为原料加入复合催渗剂的无毒液体渗碳剂，并在链条零件中进行了生产试验，取得良好的效果。该渗剂具有无毒、无污染、快速、节能、操作简单、成本低廉等优点，可以替代氰盐等有毒液体渗碳剂，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

20钢手锯条无毒液体化学热处理研究

研究了在以渗碳为主的盐浴中加入适量含稀二盐的渗剂对20钢锯条热处理工艺参数和锯切性能的影响。通过显微组织分析、剥层分析、透射电镜分析和锯切性能试验后,确定了渗剂配方和工艺参数。文中还讨论了稀土元素在盐浴化学热处理中的作用,以及对产品组织和性能的影响。     

稀土元素对粉末渗硼渗层深度的影响

本文研究了不同稀土含量对粉末渗硼层深的影响。试验结果表明,粉末渗硼剂中加入稀土元素均有催渗作用,并存在一个起明显催渗作用的最佳值。本章分析了稀土含量对渗硼过程动力学及表层硬度的影响,对稀土催渗机理进行了探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the