富勒烯及其衍生物对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和激活的作用

为探索富勒烯及其水溶性衍生物对哺乳动物卵母细胞减数分裂的作用,使用富勒烯膦酸衍生物(2P)、富勒烯-PVP和富勒醇作用于体外培养的小鼠GV期卵母细胞和超排卵母细胞,通过观察第一极体排出率和原核形成率以判断卵母细胞的成熟和激活,并探讨光照对这一作用的影响.结果表明,在光照和非光照下,富勒烯的PVP水溶液、富勒醇对卵母细胞的成熟没有明显影响,而2P在光照下对卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活具有明显抑制作用,其作用有浓度依赖性.     

石墨电弧中C_5环的原位捕获与形成

五元环是富勒烯的重要构筑基元,是形成凸多面体碳笼的关键因素,研究C_5环的形成对理解富勒烯自下而上的生长机理有着重要的意义.该文通过在石墨电弧放电体系中引入氯源,原位捕获到了C_5与C_(60)的[4+2]环加成衍生物C_(60)(C_5Cl_6).对该分子进行质谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱的表征,并利用X-射线单晶衍射明确了C60(C5Cl6)的分子结构.此外,还通过一系列C_(60)衍生物的质谱表征,对C_5环和C_(60)(C_5Cl_6)结构的演进路线进行了分析.     

三种纳米材料C_(70),C_(60)Cl_6和C_(60)Ph_6引起细胞自噬的现象

为了进一步研究富勒烯家族及其衍生物引起细胞自噬的现象,运用荧光显微镜、透射电子显微镜、蛋白免疫印迹等技术,对水溶性的纳米C70,C60Cl6和C60Ph6诱导的细胞自噬现象进行了初步探讨.实验结果显示,C70,C60Cl6和C60Ph6稳定分散于水中形成的纳米颗粒,均能诱导HeLa细胞产生自噬现象,揭示了富勒烯家族及其衍生物在生物医药领域更广泛的研究和应用价值.     

锝[99Tc]-亚甲基二膦酸盐治疗45例骨关节炎的疗效分析

观察锝[99Tc]-亚甲基二膦酸盐治疗骨关节炎的疗效及不良反应。纳入兰州市第一人民医院老年病房住院的骨关节炎共45例患者,以治疗前后为对照,以锝[99Tc]-亚甲基二膦酸盐为主要治疗药物,进行疗效及不良反应的观察。治疗前后采用配对的t检验。锝[99Tc]-亚甲基二膦酸盐治疗骨关节炎的有效率100%(45/45),治疗后患者病患关节的疼痛、肿胀、僵硬感、关节的活动度等明显缓解,治疗后WAS评分及WOMAC评分明显低于治疗前(P0.01),差异有统计学意义。在合并多种疾病、应用多种药物的情况下,其不良反应有肾功能异常4.44%(2/45),甲状腺功能异常2.27%(1/45),纳差8.89%(4/45),其余白细胞、红细胞、血小板、AST、ALT、空腹血糖均未见明显的异常变化。炎性标志物(ESR及CRP)治疗前后无明显的变化,且不良反应少。锝[99Tc]-亚甲基二膦酸盐治疗骨关节炎是有效的,而且是安全的。     

苄基三乙基氯化铵参与的C60环加成反应研究

苄基三乙基氯化铵、[60]富勒烯和N-甲基甘氨酸在加热的条件下发生环加成反应,生成N-甲基-2-苯基吡咯烷[3＇4’：1,2][60]富勒烯1和N-甲基-2-甲基吡咯烷[3＇4’：1,2][60]富勒烯2。通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振谱等检测手段对产物1和2结构进行了表征。对产物1和2的形成机理进行了初步探讨,反应可能先由苄基三乙基氯化铵在加热条件下发生C—N’键异裂,生成苄基碳正离子和乙基碳正离子,然后碳正离子和N-甲基甘氨酸作用形成甲亚胺叶立德,甲亚胺叶立德与[60]富勒烯发生环加成反应得到产物1和2。     

电晕电场辅助5-Fu作用HeLa细胞的实验研究

探讨了电晕负静电场联合化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)对HeLa细胞生长、增殖及死亡的影响规律.以不同强度的电晕负静电场分别作用于正常体外培养的HeLa细胞和培养液中加有一定浓度5-Fu的体外培养的HeLa细胞,采用MTT法检测HeLa细胞活性,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞死亡率.发现单纯电晕电场既能促进HeLa细胞的生长(较低电压U≤2kV的条件下),激发了细胞活性,也能够抑制细胞的生长增殖(U≥6kV的条件下),提高细胞的死亡率.而任何强度的电晕电场与5-Fu同时作用,则对HeLa细胞只具有极大的抑制作用,而且对HeLa细胞具有更大的杀伤力,这种杀伤力随电晕电场强度的增加而增加.结果表明:不同强度单纯电晕负静电场对HeLa细胞生长产生不同的促进或抑制效应;电晕负静电场联合化疗药物5-Fu则增强了对HeLa细胞的毒性作用.     

2个氨基膦酸酯类化合物的合成和抑菌活性研究

基于Kabachnik-Fields反应,反应原料亚膦酸二乙酯、苯甲醛分别与苯胺和对甲苯胺在无催化剂和溶剂,一定反应时间和温度条件下,一锅法合成了2个氨基膦酸酯类化合物(1和2),利用1H-NMR,13C-NMR和IR对化合物1和2进行了结构鉴定,命名为二乙基[(苯基)(苯胺基)甲基]膦酸酯(1)和二乙基[(苯基)(对甲苯胺基)甲基]膦酸酯(2)。对所合成的化合物1和2分别做了抑菌活性研究,选取2种细菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌),3种真菌(Fusarium oxysporum, Llyonectria destructans和Neocosmospora rubicola)。结果表明,化合物1和2在测试浓度范围内分别对上述细菌和真菌表现出不同程度的抑制作用。     

(R,R)-1,2-双[(2-甲氧基苯基)苯基膦]乙烷的合成

以苯基二氯化膦为基础原料,经与甲醇反应后发生阿布佐夫重排得到甲基苯基亚膦酸酯,然后与五氯化膦反应生成甲基苯基膦酰氯;甲基苯基膦酰氯与手性辅助试剂5反应,然后再与2-甲氧基苯基溴化镁反应生成具有单一构型的(S)-(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基苯基氧化膦.膦氧化物7经二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)锂化,再通过氯化铜偶联,最后与三氯硅烷和三丁胺反应以89.5%收率和98.3/1.7 dr值(两个非对映异构体的比值)得到目标产物(R,R)-1,2-双[(2-甲氧基苯基)苯基膦]乙烷.     

亚甲基双膦酸四异丙基酯CH2[P（O）（iPrO）2]2催化合成晶体[Zn（2,2-′bipy）3]2Cl4·H2O

在亚甲基双膦酸四异丙基酯CH2[P（O）（iPrO）2]2的催化作用下,合成一种新的配合物[Zn（2,2-′bipy）3]2Cl4.H2O,并用红外光谱和X-ray单晶衍射进行了测试与表征.在反应中CH2[P（O）（iPrO）2]2并未参加配位,但却起到了催化、诱导的作用.     

马来松香手性膦试剂的合成及其手性识别的31P NMR研究

以松香为原料合成手性二醇5-苄氧甲基-5,9-二甲基-13β,14β-二羟基甲基-16-异丙基四环[10.2.2.01,10.04,9]十六烷-15-烯(6),制备用作NMR手性膦试剂,分别对单官能团手性底物(单胺、单醇)进行衍生,通过测定31P NMR化学位移差异值检验松香基手性膦试剂的手性识别能力,其芳基底物非对映体衍生物的膦化学位移差异值在0.41～0.14之间,均能够在测定条件下实现对映体峰的基线分离.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.