高强度甲壳质类纤维的开发

甲壳质及其衍生物具有独特的无毒、抗菌、良好的生物相容性、良好的可吸收性以及抗炎、不过敏、能促进伤口愈合等优异的生物特性，在医学以及其他领域得到了广泛的关注和应用。甲壳质类纤维已被用于医用纤维纸、敷料、止血棉等。但由于现有甲壳质类纤维的强度太低，影响了它的应用范围。讨论了提高壳质类纤维强度的几种方法，即：提高甲壳质类材料的溶解度、初生纤维特殊热处理、初生纤维交联处理法和液晶纺丝法等。高强度甲壳质类纤维可被应用于医用缝合线、正骨材料、人体组织工程材料、医用纤维纸、伤口敷料、抗菌用纺织品等领域。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/ES纤维水刺医用敷料的制备和性能

采用壳聚糖(CTS)纤维和聚烯烃系双组分热熔黏结(ES)纤维制备了一种CTS/ES水刺医用敷料,通过羧甲基化改性成为羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)/ES水刺医用敷料,研究了羧甲基改性对CTS/ES水刺医用敷料表观结构、大分子结构、孔径、吸液性能及透气性能的影响.研究结果表明,制备的CMC/ES水刺医用敷料吸湿性能良好并且在水溶液中能成形成凝胶体.经羧甲基改性后,壳聚糖纤维直径增加14.2%,纤维表面沟槽结构大量增加,CMC/ES水刺医用敷料的面密度、厚度、吸液率增加,透气性和孔径有所下降,且其面密度、厚度和吸液率随壳聚糖纤维含量增加而增加,其透气性和孔径随ES纤维质量分数的增加而增加;改性后的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维具有独特的成胶性能,CMC/ES水刺医用敷料与去离子水接触后迅速形成以ES纤维作为三维骨架的复合水凝胶体系.     

木浆纤维水刺复合不同加固结构纤网时的流失现象

木浆纤维经气流成网后,分别与PP/PE(聚丙烯/聚乙烯)纺黏热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热风非织造布和涤纶水刺非织造布纤网叠合形成试样,通过水刺复合,观察水针冲击过程中不同加固纤网结构条件下木浆纤维的流失现象,研究木浆纤维的流失过程和机理,并分析非织造布纤网结构对木浆纤维流失的影响.试验表明:木浆纤维与非织造布纤网中的纤维缠结以摩擦作用为主,当水针冲击力大于纤维之间的摩擦力,纤维互相分离,木浆纤维易脱离纤网而流失;在相同压力的水针冲击条件下,木浆纤维与PP/PE纺黏热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热轧非织造布及PP/PE短纤热风非织造布纤网复合时其流失严重,流失率均高于8%,而涤纶水刺非织造布纤网适于与木浆纤维的缠结,木浆纤维的流失率低,仅为2.95%.     

非织造材料分形维数与填充率及纤维直径的关联

开发随机排列的模拟非织造材料表面及截面生成程序,针对3种不同的纤维直径,生成非织造材料表面及截面的纤维结构分布,并采用计算机软件分别计算其分形维数和填充率.通过大量的计算机模拟计算数据及关联回归分析,得出模拟的非织造材料表面及截面的分形维数与其填充率和纤维直径之间关系的关联表达式.结果表明:非织造材料具有分形特征,其结构可采用分形维数进行描述;而其分形维数与纤维填充率及纤维直径之间存在一定的关联规律,模拟的非织造材料的表面分形维数关联表达式的计算结果与实测相对误差小于4.83%;非织造材料表面分形维数与截面分形维数关联表达式的计算结果进行比较,其平均绝对误差为0.163.非织造材料表面分形维数与截面分形维数计算式具有相同的表达形式.     

基于水刺工艺的敷料用非织造布的透湿性能

为定量分析常规无纺布材料用作敷料功能层时的透湿性大小,以相同参数的黏胶纤维和涤纶纤维为原料,采用水刺工艺制备医用敷料,测试分析不同面密度、铺网角度和水刺压力下敷料基布的孔隙结构,并测试样品的透湿量。结果表明:孔隙结构和材料亲疏水性对透湿性有较大影响;黏胶和涤纶非织造布的透湿量范围分别为9 300～11 000g/(m~2·24h)和8 800～9 700g/(m~2·24h),基本满足敷料适宜透湿性的要求。     

分裂型纤维水刺非织造布的双向拉伸开纤方法

采用双向拉伸的方法对分裂型纤维水刺非织造布进行处理,研究该拉伸方法对分裂型纤维开纤效果的影响.结果表明:双向拉伸法可以有效提高分裂型纤维的开纤率;拉伸负荷越大、拉伸速度越快,则纤维平均直径越小,开纤率越高;经小负荷双向拉伸处理后,非织造布材料强力有所降低,但当拉伸负荷较大时,处理后的非织造布强力明显提高.双向拉伸开纤方法适用于交叉铺网的水刺非织造布,与化学开纤法相比,不但纤维损伤小,而且工艺简单、无环境污染.     

PVA-co-PE纳米纤维过滤膜的制备及性能表征

通过熔融挤出相分离法制备聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物(PVA-co-PE)纳米纤维,然后将纳米纤维涂覆到聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布表面制备纳米纤维复合膜.表征了纳米纤维复合膜的表面形貌,分析了其孔径分布、接触角和力学性能随涂覆率的变化,并通过测量纳米纤维复合膜对CaCO3悬浮液的过滤效果,研究了其过滤性能和截留率.研究结果表明:表面涂覆PVA-co-PE纳米纤维后,PP熔喷非织造布的力学性能、亲水性能都有显著的提高;随着纳米纤维量的增加,膜的孔径分布更加均匀,平均孔径减小;涂覆150g纳米纤维悬浮液后,复合膜对CaCO3悬浮液的过滤效率最高可达到75.86%.     

非织造布纤维取向测定原理与方法综述

对非织造布纤维取向的测定原理和方法作了全面的回顾,对各种非织造布纤维取向的测定原理和方法的优缺点和应用范围进行了比较.指出了采用简便、可行和可靠的间接测量法和在线测量非织造布的纤维取向是今后研究的主要方向.     

粘合剂粒径对非织造布性能的影响

探讨了粘合剂粒径对非织造布力学性能的影响。实验表明,随着粒径变细,非织造布的拉伸强度和弯曲模量呈非线性增加。分析认为由细旦纤维制成的非织造布可具有较高的拉伸强度和较低的抗弯模量,这些概念也适用于热熔纤维粘合和热轧非织造布。     

静电纺纳米纤维非织造布的热湿传递性能

从静电纺纳米纤维非织造布的空气体积分数出发,研究其热传递性能和湿传递性能,发现静电纺纳米纤维具有优良的保暖性和不良的透湿性.并通过实验得到一定体积分数的纳米纤维非织造布的导热系数,定量描述了纳米纤维非织造布的导热性能.分析了影响透湿性的因素,展望了它在防护性服装应用上的潜力.     

＂Nonwoven＂ Versus ＂Engineered Fabric＂： the Impact These Terms Have on the 15- to 25-Year-Old Females＇ Intent to Purchase

Since the fall of 2004, textile and apparel students at a United States public university have been designing apparel with nonwoven fabrics. Over the last two years, the students' designs have sparked interest in the industry which has begun to create new and innovative fabric designs. The industry, however, still struggles over the best name for the fabric. This sparked the research question, "What impact 15- to 25-year-old's intent to purchase a garment?"Through a convenience sampling method, an online questionnaire was distributed to 15- to 25-year-old United States females. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics and psychographics, and asked respondents to choose garments they would intend to purchase based on known attributes such as style, brand,price, place, and fabrication and fiber content. There were a total of 14 garments, seven tops and seven bottoms. Four of these garments, two tops and two bottoms were constructed of nonwoven fabrics.The respondents accepted the nonwoven fabrics when shown in garments in an online setting. This demonstrates that visually, these fabrics are comparable to traditional woven and knit fabrics. The "nonwoven" polyester and nylon blend fabric increased in popularity when the respondents were told the fabrication and fiber content.However, the "engineered" polyester and polyethylene blend fabric dropped to last place when fabrication and fiber content were known. This indicates that 15- to 25-year-old respondents do not understand or are not interested in fibers or fabrications described as "engineered fabric" with a polyester/polyethylene blend. More research will have to be done to determine if the fabrication term "engineered fabric"or if the polyester/polyethylene blend fiber content caused a lack of interest or decreased intent to purchase.Research has currently begun to determine the right combination of fiber content and fiber size to develop a nonwoven fabric with an acceptable hand for apparel fabrics.     

Measuring Fiber Orientation in Nonwoven Fabrics by Laser Scattering Method Part Ⅱ: Algorithm and Verification

The algorithm for evaluation of fiber orientation distribution function (ODF) by laser scattering method based on 2 - dimentional model of fiber arrangement and the method of determining diffuse scattering intensity are presented. The fiber ODFs of nonwoven samples measured by the computer-program-controlled laser scattering intensity testing system are compared with that of the data obtained by microprojector method. The results show that the algorithm is feasible for assessing the fiber ODFs of nonwoven fabrics manufactured by different processing methods.     

Measuring Fiber Orientation in Nonwoven Fabrics by Laser Scattering Method Part II: Algorithm and Verification

The algorithm for evaluation of fiber orientation distribution function (ODF) by laser scattering method based on 2 - dimentional model of fiber arrangement and the method of determining diffuse scattering intensity are presented. The fiber ODFs of nonwoven samples measured by the computer- program-centrolled laser scattering intensity testing system are compared with that of the data obtained by microprojector method The results show that the algorithm is feasible for assessig the fiber ODFs of nonwoven fabrics manufactured by different processing methods.     

Influence of Fiber Properties and Processing Parameters on Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Bonded by Bicomponent Polyester Fibers

Highloft nonwoven was produced by heat bonding of bicomponent polyester fibers. The effect of fiber properties and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the nonwoven was investigated. The heat bonding processing parameters for the nonwoven were optimized. The results show that the range of processing temperature is wider while the shell melting point of the bicomponent fibers (Tml) is lower. The best processing temperature is about 15℃ higher than Tml while the shell melting point (Tml) is higher.     

非织造土工布反滤性能的研究

非织造土工布具有三维的纤维网络结构，其独特的纤维网络结构是土木工程中反滤保砂的理想材料．非织造士工布在工程应用中易产生压缩变形，非织造土工布受压变形必然会影响非织造土工布的反滤性能．分析了非织造土工布在受压条件下的反滤性能，对非织造布的开发和应用具有一定的指导意义     

热熔粘合聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的结构与性能

本文采用了广角X光衍射、差示扫描量热法、扫描电子显微镜技术,对热熔粘合聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的结构和形态进行研究。讨论了粘合温度对非织造布的几何尺寸和机械性能的影响。结果表明,球晶是熔喷聚丙烯纤维的主要结构形式。在不同的热粘合条件下,球晶的结晶变体中可以出现α晶,或是拟六方酝晶,以及两者的混合形式。粘合温度对纤维的结晶度和晶粒尺寸,及非织造布的热收缩和厚度具有较大的影响。热粘合温度在软化点出现非织造布强度峰值。     

非织造布结构特性的测试方法及其发展方向

论述了非织造布的几种主要结构特性 (如孔隙大小分布、纤维排列方向分布、网的均匀性及瑕疵等 )的测试方法及其原理与各自的优缺点 .通过对比说明非织造布结构特性的测试方法的发展方向 .     

用于白细胞过滤的非织造布滤材研制

以聚丙烯熔喷非织造布、聚丙烯纺丝成网非织造布作为白细胞过滤器的滤材,根据不同纤维直径、不同产品密度和不同层数的组合变化,得到在本实验条件下具有良好白细胞过滤效果的最佳组合.并使白细胞去除率达到96.90%,红细胞回收率达90%以上.通过对组合滤材过滤性能的理论分析,提出进一步提高白细胞去除率的研究方向.     

甲壳质缝合线的制备及研究

甲壳质是一种类似纤维素的多糖,它是地球上除纤维素之外第二类有机生物材料.由于它能在生物体内降解而被吸收,故非常适合制备医用材料.研究了甲壳质纤维的制备条件并建立了甲壳质纤维的生产工艺和捻线方法.