Infrared modeling and imaging simulation of midcourse ballistic targets based on strap-down platform

An infrared （IR） imaging simulation framework based on the strap-down platform is proposed for midcourse ballistic targets. It overcomes the shortcoming of the existing algorithms, which cannot simulate IR imaging from the entire midcourse process. The proposed framework includes three steps, target characteristic modeling, motion modeling, and imaging modeling. In imaging modeling, the staring focal plane is taken into account due to its wide employment. In order to obtain IR images of high fidelity, especially that the fluctuation of the target signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is reasonably similar to the actual one, this paper proposes an improved IR imaging simulation method. The proposed method considers two critical factors of the pixel plane, occupy-empty ratio and defect elements, which affect the imaging of targets markedly but are neglected in previous work. Finally, the IR image sequence of high fidelity is obtained. And the correlative parameters of simulation can be set according to the given scene. Thus the generated images can satisfy the needs of algorithms validation for tracking and recognition.     

New method of time-frequency representation for ISAR imaging of ship targets

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of ship targets is very important in the national defense. For the high maneuverability of ship targets, the Doppler frequency shift of the received signal is time-varying, which will degrade the ISAR image quality for the traditional range-Doppler (RD) algorithm. In this paper, the received signal in a range bin is characterized as the multi-component polynomial phase signal (PPS) after the motion compensation, and a new approach of time-frequency representation, generalized polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution (GPWVD), is proposed for the azimuth focusing. The GPWVD is based on the exponential matched-phase (EMP) principle. Compared with the conventional polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD), the EMP principle transfers the non-integer lag coefficients of the PWVD to the position of the exponential of the signal, and the interpolation can be avoided completely. For the GPWVD, the cross-terms between multi-component signals can be reduced by decomposing the GPWVD into the convolution of Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) and the spectrum of phase adjust functions. The GPWVD is used in the ISAR imaging of ship targets, and the high quality instantaneous ISAR images can be obtained. Simulation results and measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new method.     

OUTPUT FEEDBACK CONTROL FOR MIMO NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH EXOGENOUS SIGNALS

The paper addresses the global output tracking of a class of multi-input multi-output （MIMO） nonlinear systems affected by disturbances, which are generated by a known exosystem. An adaptive controller is designed based on the proposed observer and the backstepping approach to asymptotically track arbitrary reference signal and to guarantee the boundedness of all the signals in the closed loop system. Finally, the numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the ProPosed scheme.     

Monopulse instantaneous 3D imaging for wideband radar system

To avoid the complicated motion compensation in interferometric inverse synthetic aperture(InISAR)and achieve realtime three-dimensional(3 D)imaging,a novel approach for 3 D imaging of the target only using a single echo is presented.This method is based on an isolated scatterer model assumption,thus the scatterers in the beam can be extracted individually.The radial range of each scatterer is estimated by the maximal likelihood estimation.Then,the horizontal and vertical wave path difference is derived by using the phase comparison technology for each scatterer,respectively.Finally,by utilizing the relationship among the 3 D coordinates,the radial range,the horizontal and vertical wave path difference,the 3 D image of the target can be reconstructed.The reconstructed image is free from the limitation in InISAR that the image plane depends on the target's own motions and on its relative position with respect to the radar.Furthermore,a phase ambiguity resolution method is adopted to ensure the success of the 3 D imaging when phase ambiguity occurs.It can be noted that the proposed phase ambiguity resolution method only uses one antenna pair and does not require a priori knowledge,whereas the existing phase ambiguity methods may require two or more antenna pairs or a priori knowledge for phase unwarping.To evaluate the performance of the proposed method,the theoretical analyses on estimation accuracy are presented and the simulations in various scenarios are also carried out.     

虚拟维修中的虚拟人移动仿真

虚拟维修是近年来提出的一个新概念,并在维修性分析、维修训练等领域得到广泛的应用。为了解决维修过程仿真中的维修人员仿真问题,提出了一个分阶段的虚拟人移动仿真方法,采用随机运动规划方法生成虚拟人躯干及头部的无碰撞路径,利用运动捕获数据和运动变形来实现对四肢运动的仿真。在运动规划中引入了姿态转移图的概念,实现了虚拟人移动过程中多种姿势之间的自然转化。采用基于运动变形的方法消除了虚拟人上肢和环境中其他物体的碰撞现象,提高了仿真真实性。

Abstract：

Virtual maintenance is a new concept introduced in the last few years,and has been broadly used in maintainability analysis and maintenance training.In order to solve the virtual human simulation in maintenance process simulation,a multi-stage virtual human locomotion simulation method was proposed.The free collision path of virtual human torso and head was planned by a probabilistic motion planner.And the motion of arms and legs was simulated using motion captured data and motion warping.A new concept of pose transition graph was introduced in order to implement natural pose transition in locomotion simulation.In motion optimization,a method based on motion warping was proposed to avoid the possible collision between virtual human arms and other objects in the environment.     

An approach of motion compensation and ISAR imaging for micro-motion targets

Inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR)imaging of the target with the non-rigid body is very important in the field of radar signal processing.In this paper,a motion compensation method combined with the preprocessing and global technique is proposed to reduce the influence of micro-motion components in the fast time domain,and the micro-Doppler(m-D)signal in the slow time domain is separated by the improved complex-valued empirical-mode decomposition(CEMD)algorithm,which makes the m-D signal more effectively distinguishable from the signal for the main body by translating the target to the Doppler center.Then,a better focused ISAR image of the target with the non-rigid body can be obtained consequently.Results of the simulated and raw data demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

智能无人潜水器半实物仿真平台设计

为了验证无人潜水器系统的软件逻辑及智能控制系统的硬件体系、数据接口和可靠性,通过对其体系结构中的决策层进行实物仿真,对感知层和行为层进行功能性虚拟仿真来构建半实物仿真平台。详细阐述了该平台的硬件和软件体系结构,对虚拟仿真中的运动仿真、传感器仿真以及实物仿真中智能控制系统的设计做出了说明,进行了自主避障仿真试验和远距离航行仿真试验,该半实物仿真平台对实际海试具有重要的参考价值。

Abstract：

To verify the system software logic of a newly designed autonomous underwater vehicle and the hardware architecture,data interface and reliability of the intelligent control system,the semi physical simulation platform was established by combining physical simulation of decision layer with virtual simulation of perception and behavior layer.The hardware and software architecture of the simulation platform were explained in detail.The virtual simulations of motion,sensors and physical simulation of intelligent control system were described.Finally,the obstacle avoidance simulation and long voyage simulation tests were conducted,and the platform is important for the success of sea experiments.     

Improved HHT and its application in narrowband radar imaging for precession cone-shaped targets

Imaging the spatial precession cone-shaped targets with narrowband radar is a new technical approach in mid-course recognition problem. However, most existing time-frequency methods still have some inevitable deficiencies for extracting microDoppler information in practical applications, which leads to blurring of the image. A new narrowband radar imaging algorithm for the precession cone-shaped targets is proposed. The instantaneous frequency of each scattering point is gained by using the improved Hilbert-Huang transform, then the positions of scattering points in the parameter domain are reconstructed. Numerical simulation and experiment results confirm the effectiveness and high precision of the proposed algorithm.     

Coded aperture compressive imaging array applied for surveillance systems

This paper proposes an application of compressive imaging systems to the problem of wide-area video surveillance systems. A parallel coded aperture compressive imaging system and a corresponding motion target detection algorithm in video using compressive image data are developed. Coded masks with random Gaussian, Toeplitz and random binary are utilized to simulate the compressive image respectively. For compressive images, a mixture of the Gaussian distribution is applied to the compressed image field to model the background. A simple threshold test in compressive sampling image is used to declare motion objects. Foreground image retrieval from underdetermined measurement using the total variance optimization algorithm is explored. The signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is employed to evaluate the image quality recovered from the compressive sampling signals, and receiver operation characteristic （ROC） curves are used to quantify the performance of the motion detection algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the low dimensional compressed imaging representation is sufficient to determine spatial motion targets. Compared with the random Gaussian and Toeplitz mask, motion detection algorithms using the random binary phase mask can yield better detection results. However using the random Gaussian and Toeplitz phase mask can achieve high resolution reconstructed images.     

AN AGENT—BASED SIMULATION ON MARKET CONSIDERING KNOWLEDGE TRANSITION AND SOCIAL IMPACT

In this paper, an agent-based simulation about knowledge transition associated with social impact in market is introduced. In the simulation, the genetic algorithm is used to generate the next generation products and a dynamic social impact model is used to simulate how customers are influenced by other customers. The simulation and its results not only show some features and patterns of knowledge transition, but also explore and display some phenomena of business cultures. On the basis of the innovation model of knowledge-based economy, the transition between technical knowledge and products knowledge is discussed, and a fuzzy linear quantification model which can be used to simulate the transition is introduced.     

心脏CT综合仿真模型及快速图像重建

首先介绍了胸部和运动两种CT(Computerized Tomography)心脏仿真模型,通过对原模型进行简化、改进和合并,定义了新的心脏综合模型.其次,通过坐标变换和心脏运动的简化实现了模型投影值的快速计算.最后,通过多周期采集模型的投影数据,由滤波反投影算法重建图像,仿真结果表明了模型及重建方法的有效性.     

基于关联计算的相控阵雷达前视成像技术

基于关联计算成像原理, 提出一种适用于相控阵雷达的前视成像技术, 其随机移相是由配置二维相控阵雷达来实现的.为了模拟经典量子关联成像中的随机涨落光场以实现测量的不相关性, 需要控制二维相控阵辐射出的波前呈现随机幅相波动特性, 再结合压缩感知(compressive sensing, CS)的模型框架与稀疏贝叶斯学习(sparse Bayesian learning, SBL)算法解决关联耦合问题以实现目标场景的方向维和俯仰维超分辨成像。甚至可以在不需要雷达与目标相对运动的情况下, 结合宽带信号体制实现雷达前视超分辨三维成像。仿真实验和实测数据验证了其原理的正确性和算法的有效性。     

基于a&ω六自由度运动模型的船舶运动参数发生器

针对航海模拟器中船舶运动数学模型建立过程过于复杂、仿真的有效性难以验证的问题, 结合船舶自身机动特点设计了一种新的船舶运动参数发生器, 可生成航海模拟器所需的各船舶运动参数。首先, 在响应模型的基础上, 建立了基于线加速度和角速度(linear acceleration and angular velocity, a & ω)的船舶运动模型。然后, 通过船舶运动微分方程求解了船舶位置、速度、姿态、航向等运动参数信息。最后, 提出相似度评估指标并将其应用于基于实测数据的仿真的验证。仿真验证结果表明, 船舶运动参数发生器能有效地模拟船舶在多种机动状况下的运动, 各船舶运动参数的相似度均在80%以上, 是一种有效的航海模拟器的船舶运动模拟仿真研究方法。     

基于光线追踪的实时超声模拟与虚拟现实的集成

为进一步提高超声医师培训效率以及降低培训成本,开发了一种与虚拟现实(VR)环境集成在一起的超声训练系统。将基于光线追踪的超声图像模拟方法整合到虚拟现实环境中,利用沉浸式VR体验进行医学超声培训,并将该方法获得的模拟超声图像与使用基于生成对抗网络(GAN)技术和Field Ⅱ超声模拟器模拟的超声图像进行比较。实验数据表明,本文的超声模拟器在光线数量为256,模型的三角片数量超过200 000的条件下,能够以43帧/s的速度实时生成高质量的模拟超声图像,同时验证了光线追踪结合VR环境进行超声模拟是可行的。     

船舶运动控制虚拟现实交互式仿真系统

提出并生成一种应用虚拟现实技术,可使仿真过程可视化的船舶运动控制交互式仿真系统。它使研究者可以在实验室环境下更好地研究船舶航向,航迹,减摇等船舶运动控制系统,直接获得系统的动态和静态特性,实现实时跟踪和监控船舶运动控制多种算法的可视化仿真过程。     

单通道防空导弹电子稳像技术分析与系统设计

针对单通道防空导弹弹旋耦合等问题,提出了不依靠惯性器件的导弹电子稳像方法，在获得稳定目标图像的同时,还能够得到导弹的实时运动参数.对单通道导弹电子稳像的基本原理进行了研究,详细阐述了其中涉及的弹目相对运动成像建模、导弹运动参数估计方法以及导引头图像运动补偿方法等关键技术,在此基础上,设计了导弹电子稳像系统.仿真试验验证了方法的有效性.     

三维可控真实感地形生成方法研究

提出了一种基于分形布朗运动的形状基本可控的真实感地形的生成方法.根据地形上少量特征点的三维坐标,将地形的整个平面区域划分成几个三角形,然后对每个三角形,利用改进的随机中点位移法进行三维地形数据的细分与迭代生成.并在PC机上用VC 6.0结合OpenGL编程,将生成的三维地形数据转化为具有真实感的可视化图形.模拟实验结果表明所提出的算法可以方便生成具有真实感、可控性的多峰山脉地形、一般平缓地形、以及复杂的组合地形,较好地解决了传统分形布朗运动对生成地形的形状无法预测和控制的问题.     

一种激光驾束制导武器半实物仿真系统构建及试验方法

激光驾束制导武器半实物仿真必须借助二维平动系统,但由于二维平动系统受限于技术指标不高,无法满足弹目相对运动模拟速度和加速度要求较高的武器系统开展仿真试验的弊端,提出一种新的激光驾束制导武器半实物仿真系统构建及试验方法。采用“二轴转台+负载支架”的仿真系统构建方式,利用二轴转台的转动角运动代替二维平动系统的线运动来实现导弹在激光信息场中弹目相对运动和位置变化的模拟,很好地解决了传统方法存在的种种弊端,试验结果进一步验证了该方法具有很好的仿真效果。     

仿人机器人跑步运动的仿真

提出一种仿人机器人跑步运动仿真的新方法。首先建立惯性坐标系、参考坐标系和物体坐标系,在此基础上对机器人进行运动学分析。针对跑步机器人在起跳阶段和飞行阶段存在不同约束的特点,采用拉格朗日动力学方法建立机器人跑步的变拓扑结构动力学方程,并对机器人脚着地时冲击现象进行分析。在跑步运动规划的基础上根据运动学和动力学分析给出机器人跑步运动仿真的算法。最后对一个跑步动作进行仿真,实现了前向速度为1.2m/s的跑步动作,证明了这种方法的有效性。     

弹载毫米波聚束SAR对地面目标成像研究

与机载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)对地面目标成像不同 ,弹载SAR具有平台运动速度快、非匀直运动和大斜视角 3大特点 ,对成像算法的实时性、运动补偿的精度和方位分辨率都提出了更高的要求。针对弹载毫米波聚束合成孔径雷达对地面目标成像的特点 ,讨论了成像的分辨率和雷达脉冲重复频率的选取等主要问题 ,提出了一种包络对齐、相位校准和非匀速运动补偿相结合的成像运动补偿方案 ,给出了基于线性谱外推技术的超分辨谱估计图像重建算法。仿真实验的结果证明了该算法的有效性