Data processing of small samples based on grey distance information approach

Data processing of small samples is an important and valuable research problem in the electronic equipment test. Because it is difficult and complex to determine the probability distribution of small samples, it is difficult to use the traditional probability theory to process the samples and assess the degree of uncertainty. Using the grey relational theory and the norm theory, the grey distance information approach, which is based on the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, is proposed in this article. The definitions of the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, with their characteristics and algorithms, are introduced. The correlative problems, including the algorithm of estimated value, the standard deviation, and the acceptance and rejection criteria of the samples and estimated results, are also proposed. Moreover, the information whitening ratio is introduced to select the weight algorithm and to compare the different samples. Several examples are given to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. The examples show that the proposed approach, which has no demand for the probability distribution of small samples, is feasible and effective.     

Map Building for a Mobile Robot Based on Grey System Theory

In this paper, a new method for mobile robot map building based on grey system theory is presented, by which interpretation and integration of sonar readings can be solved robustly and efficiently. The conception of "grey number" is introduced to model and handle the uncertainty of sonar reading. A new data fusion approach based on grey system theory is proposed to construct environment model. Map building experiments are performed both on a platform of simulation     

Optimization approach of background value and initial item for improving prediction precision of GM（1,1） model

A combination method of optimization of the back-ground value and optimization of the initial item is proposed. The sequences of the unbiased exponential distribution are simulated and predicted through the optimization of the background value in grey differential equations. The principle of the new information priority in the grey system theory and the rationality of the initial item in the original GM（1,1） model are ful y expressed through the improvement of the initial item in the proposed time response function. A numerical example is employed to il ustrate that the proposed method is able to simulate and predict sequences of raw data with the unbiased exponential distribution and has better simulation performance and prediction precision than the original GM（1,1） model relatively.     

Selection Optimal Drill Rigs by Grey Relational Analysis Method

Based upon the main properties of the relational analysis in grey system theory,a newmethod to select optimal drill rigs is proposed in this paper.Under the unified technique economicindex,with the practical data of four kinds of drill rigs in the mining district,east of Sichuan,China,an optimal reference number series was constructed.Through calculating the relational grade     

Interval grey number sequence prediction by using non-homogenous exponential discrete grey forecasting model

This paper aims to study a new grey prediction approach and its solution for forecasting the main system variable whose accurate value could not be collected while the potential value set could be defined. Based on the traditional nonhomogenous discrete grey forecasting model(NDGM), the interval grey number and its algebra operations are redefined and combined with the NDGM model to construct a new interval grey number sequence prediction approach. The solving principle of the model is analyzed, the new accuracy evaluation indices, i.e. mean absolute percentage error of mean value sequence(MAPEM) and mean percent of interval sequence simulating value set covered(MPSVSC), are defined and, the procedure of the interval grey number sequence based the NDGM(IG-NDGM) is given out. Finally, a numerical case is used to test the modelling accuracy of the proposed model. Results show that the proposed approach could solve the interval grey number sequence prediction problem and it is much better than the traditional DGM(1,1) model and GM(1,1) model.     

Improved unequal interval grey model and its applications

A new method to improve prediction precision of GM(1,1) model with unequal time interval is presented.The grey derivative is multiplied by a parameter to guarantee the time response function satisfying approximately exponential function distribution.To simplify the process of parametric estimation,an approximate value is taken for the multiplied parameter.Then the estimators of coefficient of development and grey action quantity can be derived.At the same time,the principle of the new information priority is also considered.We take the last item of the first-order accumulated generation operator(1-AGO) on raw data sequence as the initial condition in the time response function.Then the new information can be taken full advantage of through the improved initial condition.Some properties of this new model are also discussed.The presented method is actually a combination of improvement of grey derivative and improvement of the initial condition.The results of an example indicate that the proposed method can improve prediction precision prominently.     

SVR mathematical model and methods for sale prediction

Sale prediction plays a significant role in business management. By using support vector machine Regression (ε-SVR), a method using to predict sale is illustrated. It takes historical data and current context data as inputs and presents results, i.e. sale tendency in the future and the forecasting sales, according to the user's specification of accuracy and time cycles. Some practical data experiments and the comparative tests with other algorithms show the advantages of the proposed approach in computation time and correctness.     

H ∞ filtering for continuous-time systems with pointwise time-varying delay

The problem of H_∞filtering for continuous-time systems with pointwise time-varying delay is investigated in this paper.By applying an innovation analysis in Krein space,a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an H_∞filter is derived in two methods:One is the partial differential equation approach,the other is the reorganized innovation analysis approach.The former gives a solution to the proposed H_∞filtering problem in terms of the solution of a partial differential equation with boundary conditions.The later gives an analytical solution to the proposed H_∞filtering problem in terms of the solutions of Riccati and matrix differential equations.     

On Stabilization of It Stochastic Time-Varying Systems

The stabilization with receding horizon control(RHC) of It stochastic time-varying systems is studied in this paper. Based on monotonically non-increasing of optimal cost and stochastic Lyapunov stability theory, a necessary and sufficient stabilization condition on the terminal weighting matrix is proposed, which guarantees the mean-square stability of the closed-loop system. The explicit receding horizon controller is obtained by employing stochastic maximum principle. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Evidence for self-organized criticality in unscheduled downtime data of equipment

How to reduce downtime and improve availability of the complex equipment is very important. Although the unscheduled downtime（USDT） issues of the equipment are very complex, the self-organized criticality（SOC） is the right theory to study complex systems evolution and opens up a new window to the investigation of disasters, such as the sudden failure of the equipment. Firstly,SOC theory and its validation method are introduced. Then an SOC validation method for USDT of the equipment is proposed based on the above theory. Case study is done on bottleneck equipment in a factory and corresponding data pre-process work is done. The rescaled-range（R/S） analysis method is used to calculate the Hurst exponent of USDT time-series data in order to determine the long-range correlation of USDT data on time scale;at the same time the spatial power-law characteristic of USDT time series data is studied. The result shows that the characteristics of SOC are revealed in USDT data of the equipment according to the criterion of SOC. In addition, based on the characteristics of SOC,the overall framework of the prediction method for major sudden failure of the equipment is proposed based on SOC.     

Grey Markov chain and its application in drift prediction model of FOGs

1.INTRODUCTION Sincetheinterferometricfiberopticalgyroscope(FOG)wasfirstproposedbyAmericanUtahUniver sityin1976,ithasbeenattractingalotofscientific andtechnicalinterestsinsteadofthespinningwheel mechanicalgyroforitcanprovideuniqueadvantages.Withtheextensionofresearch,peoplehavebecome acquaintedwithnoisesandbiasdrifts,whichinduce non negligibleerrorsintheoutputofFOGs.The hugeeffortsontechnique,whichweredevotedtothe developmentoflow noiseandlow driftFOGsmainly basedonmaterials,machining…     

基于灰色RBF神经网络的炼钢煤气消耗预测

煤气消耗预测是钢铁企业中能源管理重要组成部分之一,以炼钢过程煤气消耗为研究对象,将灰色理论与径向基函数（RBF）神经网络进行组合,建立了基于灰色RBF神经网络的炼钢煤气消耗预测模型,利用灰色理论累加求和特性对样本数据进行预处理,减小了数据的随机性,增强了数据变化的规律;利用RBF神经网络逼近这种数据变化的规律,通过预测误差,动态调整RBF神经网络的结构,使得预测误差在允许的范围内。通过仿真表明,提出的模型预测精度较BP神经网络预测精度高,均方差为2．02％,     

基于核和灰度的灰色马尔可夫预测模型及应用

在处理预测问题时,常有原始数据为区间数组成的随机波动性较大的区间数列的状况。为进一步提高区间灰数预测精度,提出基于核和灰度的灰色马尔可夫预测模型。该方法以区间灰数核序列为依托建立预测模型,实现区间灰数核的预测;又根据“灰度不减公理”,由灰数核为中心延伸得出区间灰数的上下界;在保持区间灰数独立完整的前提下,构建了区间灰数预测模型,在此基础上用马尔可夫预测模型修正预测结果。该模型在航空货运量的趋势预测中显示马式链修正结果较区间灰数预测数据呈低估状态。结果有助于加强市场参与者对航空货运市场的宏观认识,并为经济决策行为提供参考。     

基于扰动信息的连续区间灰数灰色预测模型

针对连续区间灰数的预测,提出了分数阶累加二次时变参数离散灰色预测模型(FQDGM (1,1)模型)。在不损失原始信息的前提下,将区间灰数转化为核序列和灰半径序列,然后分别对核序列和灰半径序列建立FQDGM (1,1)模型。新模型针对同时包含指数和二次曲线趋势的系统,通过二次时变参数的求解和阶数的调整,实现对于原始信息进行有效挖掘,避免扰动信息的干扰,提高模型的稳定性。最后,运用不同灰色预测模型,对于一个算例和一个实例进行建模,计算结果显示了所提方法的优越性,从而进一步拓展了灰色预测理论的应用范围。     

基于灰色马尔可夫SCGM(1 ,1) C 模型的空难人数预测

空难事故预测是航空安全评价和决策的基础.灰色预测适合于时间短、数据量少和波动不大的系统对象,而马尔可夫链理论适用于预测随机波动大的动态过程.结合灰色预测和马尔可夫链理论的优点,提出了一种灰色马尔可夫SCGM(1,1)C模型.用单因子系统云灰色SCGM(1,1)C模型拟合系统的发展变化趋势,并以此为基础进行了马尔可夫预测.对1979~2003年全球空难人数进行了预测分析,结果表明该模型既能揭示了空难人数变化的总体趋势,又能克服了随机波动性数据对预测精度的影响,具有较强的工程实用性.     

含时变时滞函数的GM(1,1|τ_i)模型及其应用

针对带有时滞效应的小样本数据序列的预测建模问题,现有模型通常假设时滞期为固定值,忽略了时滞值动态变化对模型效果的影响.为了克服这一局限性,本文考虑系统时滞的动态变化效应,将GM(1,1|τ,r)模型的静态时滞参数推广为时变时滞函数,设计出非整数时滞取值区间对应的时变时滞参数表达式.提出以灰关联理论为基础的时变时滞函数的参数优化方法,推导出GM(1,1|τ_i)模型参数估计值以及预测序列的时间响应式.该方法不仅提高了模型对所分析序列的拟合度,还可充分利用时滞参数函数的数学性质,进一步研究时滞因素对系统发展趋势的影响.最后,将GM(1,1|τ_i)模型应用于福建省全省沿海港口货物吞吐量预测,并将建模预测结果与经典的GM(1,1)模型和GM(1,1,τ)模型进行比较.结果表明当原始序列具有时滞效应时,GM(1,1|τ_i)模型具有更高的建模精度,能够反映出更为复杂的系统时滞变化情况,扩展了含时滞参数灰色预测模型的适用范围.     

基于灰色组合模型的校准间隔优化仿真

针对测量仪器校准间隔的优化问题,分析了历史校准数据的特征,描述了校准数据动态发展的数学模型,提出一种灰色组合模型进行校准间隔的预测仿真。灰色组合模型的思想是:采用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测历史校准数据序列的趋势性成分,同时引入AR模型、BP人工神经网络模型和马尔可夫模型三者的组合模型预测随机性成分。仿真实验表明:灰色组合模型适应了校准数据小样本、非线性的特点,适合用于校准间隔的预测仿真。     

空中雷达目标的灰色预测

对空中飞机、导弹目标的航迹点的预测在作战中非常重要 ,但在数据非常有限的情况下 ,准确地预测又很困难。提出了用灰色系统理论进行飞机、导弹目标的航迹点预测的方法 ,并利用实际测得的飞机航迹点数据进行了验证 ,具有很高的精度。这种灰色预测模型对飞机、导弹目标的航迹点的预测具有重要意义。详细介绍了灰色预测方法并分析了预测误差及其实用价值。     

Prediction model of interval grey number based on DGM（1,1）

In grey system theory, the studies in the field of grey prediction model are focused on real number sequences, rather than grey number ones. Hereby, a prediction model based on interval grey number sequences is proposed. By mining the geometric features of interval grey number sequences on a two-dimensional surface, all the interval grey numbers are converted into real numbers by means of certain algorithm, and then the prediction model is established based on those real number sequences. The entire process avoids the algebraic operations of grey number, and the prediction problem of interval grey number is usefully solved. Ultimately, through an example’s program simulation, the validity and practicability of this novel model are verified.