Hybrid micromotion-scattering center model for synthetic aperture radar micromotion target imaging

Micromotion is an important target feature, although the target micromotion has an unfavorable influence on the synthetic aperture radar （SAR） image interpretation due to defocusing. This paper introduces micromotion parameters into the scattering center model to obtain a hybrid micromotion-scattering center model, and then proposes an optimization algorithm based on the maximal likelihood estimation to solve the model for jointly obtaining target motion and scattering parameters. Initial value estimation methods using targets＇ ghost images are then presented to guarantee the global and fast convergence. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm especially in high precision estimation and multiple targets processing.     

一种新的自适应机动目标跟踪算法

在＂当前＂统计（CS）模型基础上,提出了一种新的机动目标自适应滤波算法,当前统计模型-修正强跟踪滤波（CS-MSTF）算法。新算法在保留＂当前＂统计模型及强跟踪滤波器（STF）对一般机动目标跟踪精度高的优点的同时,作出以下改进：针对强跟踪滤波器在机动部分获得完美性能的同时,非机动部分的精度却不理想的缺陷,对预测误差协方差及渐消因子的计算作出修正,同时改进机动部分和非机动部分的精度;将目前常用的估计误差协方差的计算公式采用更加可靠的Joseph公式,增强了数值的稳定性和算法的鲁棒性。蒙特卡罗仿真表明,新算法的性能优于当前统计模型-强跟踪滤波（CS-STF）算法,能够进行有效估计。

Abstract：

Based on the ＂current＂ statistical model,a new adaptive maneuvering target tracking algorithm,CS-MSTF,was proposed. The new algorithm,keeping the merits of high tracking precision that the ＂current ＂ statistical model and strong tracking filter（STF） have in tracking maneuvering target has made the modifications as such：First,STF has the defect that it achieves the perfert performance in maneuvering segment at a cost of the precision in non-naneuvering segment,so the new algorithm modifies the prediction error covariance matrix and the fading factor to improve the tracking precision both of the maneuvering segment and non-maneuvering segment; The estimation error covariance matrix was calculated using the Joseph form,which is more stable and robust in numerical. The Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the CS-MSTF algorithm has a more excellent performance than CS-STF and can esitmate efficiently.     

X-ray pulsar signal detection using photon interarrival time

The distribution probability of the photon interarrival time （PIT） without signal initial phases is derived based on the Poisson model of X-ray pulsar signals, and a pulsar signal detection algorithm employing the PIT sequence is put forward. The joint probability of the PIT sequence is regarded as a function of the distribution probability and used to compare a constant radiation intensity model with the nonhomogeneous Poisson model for the signal detection. The relationship between the number of detected photons and the probabilities of false negative and positive is studied, and the success rate and mean detection time are estimated based on the number of the given photons. For the spacecraft velocity data detection, the changes of time of photon arrival （TOPA） and PIT caused by spacecraft motion are presented first, then the influences on detection are analyzed respectively. By using the analytical pulse profile of PSR B0531＋21, the simulation of the Xray pulsar signal detection is implemented. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the contrast tests show that the proposed method is suitable for the spacecraft velocity data detection.     

Non-cooperative target pose estimation based on improved iterative closest point algorithm

For localisation of unknown non-cooperative targets in space,the existence of interference points causes inaccuracy of pose estimation while utilizing point cloud registration.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new iterative closest point(ICP)algorithm combined with distributed weights to intensify the dependability and robustness of the non-cooperative target localisation.As interference points in space have not yet been extensively studied,we classify them into two broad categories,far interference points and near interference points.For the former,the statistical outlier elimination algorithm is employed.For the latter,the Gaussian distributed weights,simultaneously valuing with the variation of the Euclidean distance from each point to the centroid,are commingled to the traditional ICP algorithm.In each iteration,the weight matrix W in connection with the overall localisation is obtained,and the singular value decomposition is adopted to accomplish high-precision estimation of the target pose.Finally,the experiments are implemented by shooting the satellite model and setting the position of interference points.The outcomes suggest that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress interference points and enhance the accuracy of non-cooperative target pose estimation.When the interference point number reaches about 700,the average error of angle is superior to 0.88°.     

Worst-case tolerance analysis on array antenna based on chaos-genetic algorithm

This paper studies the effect of amplitude-phase errors on the antenna performance. Via builting on a worst-case error tolerance model, a simple and practical worst error tolerance analysis based on the chaos-genetic algorithm (CGA) is proposed. The proposed method utilizes chaos to optimize initial population for the genetic algorithm (GA) and introduces chaotic disturbance into the genetic mutation, thereby improving the ability of the GA to search for the global optimum. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the accuracy and stability of the worst-case analysis of the proposed approach are superior to the GA. And the proposed algorithm can be used easily for the error tolerant design of antenna arrays.     

SINS/CNS/GPS integrated navigation algorithm based on UKF

A new nonlinear algorithm is proposed for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS)/celestial navigation system (CNS)/global positioning system (GPS) integrated navigation systems. The algorithm employs a nonlinear system error model which can be modified by unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to give predictions of local filters. And these predictions can be fused by the federated Kalman filter. In the system error model, the rotation vector is introduced to denote vehicle’s attitude and has less variables tha...     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Identification Parameters and Its Correction

By taking the subsequence out of the input-output sequence of a system polluted by white noise, an independent observation sequence and its probability density are obtained and then a maximum likelihood estimation of the identification parameters is given. In order to decrease the asymptotic error, a corrector of maximum likelihood (CML) estimation with its recursive algorithm is given. It has been proved that the corrector has smaller asymptotic error than the least square methods. A simulation example shows that the corrector of maximum likelihood estimation is of higher approximating precision to the true parameters than the least square methods.     

一种新型微惯性测量组合布局误差模型的建立与仿真分析

根据一种适合于高转速载体的微惯性测量组合布局方案,在考虑载体质心和惯性测量组合中心不重合的情况下,建立了具有惯性器件安装方位误差因素的数学模型,并进行了仿真,得到了相应的误差曲线。解决了无陀螺惯性测量系统解析出的角速度比陀螺输出的角速度精度低,误差随时间严重发散的问题,提高了系统精度。

Abstract：

According to a MEMS-IMU configuration that suits high rotation vehicle measure,a mathematic model with the position error was established according to the non-coincidence of the centroid of body and the centric of inertial measurement,the model simulation was completed and the error curve was obtained.The scheme could not only solve the problem that low precision of gyroscope free measurement system compared with conventional gyro measurement system,but also the divergence of error with the time.Therefore,the calculation precision could be improved.     

Universal FRFT-based algorithm for parameter estimation of chirp signals

The realization of the parameter estimation of chirp signals using the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is based on the assumption that the sampling duration of practical observed signals would be equal to the time duration of chirp signals contained in the former. However, in many actual circumstances, this assumption seems unreasonable. On the basis of analyzing the practical signal form, this paper derives the estimation error of the existing parameter estimation method and then proposes a novel and universal parameter estimation algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is developed which allows the estimation of the practical observed Gaussian windowed chirp signal. Simulation results show that the new algorithm works well.     

Consecutive tracking for ballistic missile based on bearings-only during boost phase

This paper proposes a modified centralized shifted Rayleigh filter(MCSRF) algorithm for tracking boost phase of ballistic missile(BM) trajectory with a highly nonlinear dynamical model based on bearings-only.This paper contributes three folds.Firstly,the mathematical model of an MCSRF for multiple passive sensors is derived.Then,minimum entropy based onedimensional optimization search to adaptively adjust the probability of the different filters for real time state estimation is deployed.Finally,the unscented transform(UT) is introduced to resolve the asymmetric state estimation problem.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can consecutively track the BM precisely during the boost phase.In comparison with the unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm,the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the tracking position and velocity root mean square(RMS) errors,which will make more sense for early precision interception.     

修正钟差的脉冲星方位误差估计算法

为克服时钟钟差对脉冲星方位误差估计的影响,设计了两步卡尔曼滤波(two-stage Kalman filter,TSKF)算法.首先,分析时钟钟差对脉冲星方位误差估计的影响,并通过仿真进行验证.其次,结合脉冲星方位误差估计原理重新推得考虑时钟钟差的状态和观测方程.再次,根据TSKF算法,在估计方位误差的同时解耦估计时钟...     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的广播星历轨道误差预测模型

在卫星导航数据处理实践中,发现广播星历轨道误差中客观存在不确定性的规律现象,针对这种不能用确定数学模型表示的误差信息,建立基于粒子群优化反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络的轨道误差预测模型。通过粒子群算法对BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行全局寻优,利用广播星历解算出的卫星空间位置和速度,并结合时间信息和摄动改正数对神经网络进行训练和测试。结果表明该模型对广播星历轨道误差具有较好的拟合能力和预测效果,用该模型对卫星位置解算提供误差补偿,可有效提高卫星定轨精度,降低系统级误差。     

广播星历等效伪距误差在中国区域的建模分析

在卫星导航系统服务区域内,由广播星历产生的等效伪距误差随用户位置的改变发生变化。将服务区域内用户的位置在切平面上投影,可以对服务区域内用户的星历等效伪距误差的特性分析加以简化。通过对GEO、MEO和IGSO三种导航卫星的分析,中国区域内的星历等效伪距误差可以用一个平面方程进行表示。研究结果对星历等效伪距误差模型及其改正方法的建立具有一定的参考价值。     

基于反双曲正切函数的跟踪微分器设计与应用

通过引入反双曲函数与终端吸引子函数,构造了一种新型跟踪微分器。反双曲正切函数在平衡点较近处优异的线性特性可以保证系统收敛的平滑性,远离平衡点处的非线性特性能保证收敛的快速性。通过引入终端吸引子函数,降低了高频信号引起的抖振,增强了噪声抑制能力。通过扫频测试总结得出了参数整定规则后,与典型的跟踪微分器进行对比仿真,测试了所设计新型跟踪微分器的性能。最后,在控制器设计时,基于所提出的新型跟踪微分器构造了干扰观测器。通过仿真对比,证明所构造的干扰观测器实现了对模型不确定项的有效估计。     

基于修正卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪

分析了卡尔曼滤波算法在目标状态发生突变和运动模型建立不准确时估计精度降低,甚至发散的原因,对比自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波算法,提出了一种通过直接修正预测值来提高卡尔曼滤波算法精度、改善算法性能的修正算法。修正的算法通过设置判定准则和修正准则,实时修正预测值,在滤波初始阶段可迅速降低估计误差、提高稳态时的滤波精度、缩短收敛时间;当目标发生状态突变时,可消除或降低由于目标状态突变造成的滤波跟踪精度下降、滤波发散的问题;当目标运动建模不准确时,可消除或降低由于建模不准确带来的模型误差。仿真实例说明了算法的有效性和较强的实际应用指导意义。     

自主交会对接中运动参数的测量

探讨了基于双目测量系统实现自主交会对接中运动参数的一种测量方法。通过对系统数学模型的误差分析,确定标志点的检测精度是影响测量误差的主要因素。将系统中的标识点配置为圆形,利用最小二乘准则精确地估计标志像点的圆参数,以提高运动参数的测量精度。仿真实验中圆参数的估计可以达到亚像素的检测精度,验证了算法的有效性。     

INS/双星组合导航半实物仿真研究

对INS/双星跑车试验数据进行了分析和处理,采用小波分解的方法去除了定点定位试验中的测量噪声,并对双星接收机的常值偏移进行了估计,仿真结果表明双星系统的定位精度在20米之内。在跑车试验中使用递推最小二乘法和Kalman滤波技术对INS/双星的位置组合方案进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,Kalman滤波技术比最小二乘算法具有更高的估计精度,它能有效地降低INS的位置误差。     

改进小波空域相关滤波的脉冲星微弱信号降噪

脉冲星信号具有极低信噪比,传统降噪算法难以在抑制噪声的同时保留微脉冲等细节信息。为此,提出一种基于改进小波空域相关滤波的脉冲星极弱信号降噪算法。从小波阈值和空域相关算法在极弱信号降噪中的缺陷出发,以保留细节信息和提高信噪比为目标,结合脉冲星辐射信号的严格周期性、相邻周期间的相关性、极低信噪比和窗口辐射等特性,改进了小波空域相关滤波算法。采用Parks射电天文台和罗希（Rossi）X射线时变探测器的脉冲星观测数据进行实验。结果表明,改进小波空域相关滤波算法可以保留更多微脉冲等细节信息,在提高信号的信噪比方面优于现有算法。     

条件线性状态空间模型Rao-Blackwellized卷积滤波算法

针对条件线性高斯状态空间模型,提出一种新的状态滤波方法,称为Rao-Blackwellized卷积滤波（Rao-Blackwellized convolution filtering, RBCF）算法,算法用卷积滤波器（convolution filter, CF）估计模型中的非线性状态,用卡尔曼滤波器 （Kalman filter, KF）估计线性状态;与Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波器（Rao-Blackwellized particle filter, RBPF）相比,算法使用了基于核函数的CF,提高了在小噪声条件下的估计精度。RBCF滤波算法应用于机动目标跟踪的仿真结果表明：在小噪声条件下,RBCF的估计精度明显高于RBPF,其对位置和速度估计的均方根误差比RBPF低一个数量级以上。而且随着噪声进一步的减小,这种优势将更加明显。