基于改进BP网络的西安市供水水库群优化调度函数求解方法

提出了基于累积误差、动态调整网络参数的改进BP网络方法，并应用于求解西安市城市水源供水水库群联合优化调度函数的求解。研究结果表明，该方法与传统算法相比，可以全面地反映水库调度决策变量与影响因子的复杂非线性关系，可以反映出调度过程中水库群间的相互关系，且应用简便。 (将发表在《西安理工大学学报》2001 Vol.17 No.2)     

基于二维调度图的双库联合供水调度规则研究

针对双库库群联合供水调度问题,提出了一种基于二维水库调度图的水库群联合供水优化调度方法.二维水库调度图在由表示双库系统中各水库蓄水量的2条坐标轴与时间轴构成的三维坐标系下充分考虑每个水库蓄水量,在此基础上确定水库群的联合供水决策,并采用粒子群优化算法对调度图关键控制点位置进行优化.碧流河、英那河水库群的调度实验表明：二...     

基于协同进化遗传算法的水库群供水优化调度研究

针对水库群供水优化调度问题,介绍了一种改进的协同进化遗传算法。该算法针对求解高维、复杂的水库群优化调度时多约束条件难以处理、计算机时长、易陷入局部最优解等缺陷,建立了相应的罚因子的评价机制,生成了两类进化子种群,运用改进遗传算法同时对不同种群进行操作,并将其应用在滦河下游六水库联合供水优化调度中。实例计算结果表明,用该算法求解水库群供水优化调度问题,结果可靠、合理,计算效率高。     

清江梯级水库群联合优化调度图研究

针对清江梯级水库群中长期调度问题,根据最优凋度结果确定了调度图的型式,引入了可能出力的概念,对水库群进行聚合,建立梯级总出力与梯级可能出力之间的关系.然后根据总出力是否为保证出力进行决策分解,由此采用一连串的二维水库调度图来描述水库群的联合调度规则.基于模拟调度.建立了优化模型,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ进行优化计算,得到较好的联合优化调度图.模拟计算表明:对于1951～2005年实测径流系列,若采用梯级水库群联合优化调度图较常规调度方案年均发电量增幅可达2.62%;对于两种随机模拟方法生成的水文径流系列,若采用梯级水库群联合优化调度图,年均发电量可分别提高1.77%和2.52%,理论上经济效益显著.     

基于网络的水库群防洪调度系统应用研究

利用数据库前墙开发工具PowerdBuilder，采用SQL Server数据库，设计开发了结构合理、功能齐全、界面友好，具有很强实用性的基于网络的水库群防洪调度系统，可实现从卫星云图、气象预报信息、水雨情实测信息、实时洪水预报信息的收集处理到水库群防洪调度方案的制定，评价与选择、防汛会商决策全过程，简要介绍了系统的功能设计及其实现的基本思想。     

基于改进PSO算法的跨流域水库群联合调度图优化

针对跨流域水库群优化调度具有高维非线性和动态性的特点,提出一种改进粒子群优化算法用于跨流域水库群引(调)水与供水联合调度图的求解.该算法针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优且进化后期收敛速度慢的缺陷,引入交叉和变异策略、模拟退火策略和反射边界策略,以增加种群的多样性并提高算法的进化速度和全局搜索能力.数值测试证明了该算法用于求解高维复杂优化问题的有效性,实例研究也表明该算法提高了整个系统的供水与引水效益,是一种优化复杂水库群联合调度高效实用的方法.     

水库群优化调度研究综述

我国的水资源紧缺,且时空分布极不均,主要江河都形成了由水库、堤防、分蓄洪区组成的防洪工程系统,水库群的优化调度已经成为我国各大流域防洪研究的重点。目前,这一研究领域主要采用系统分析理论与方法,如:线性规划、非线性规划、动态规划、多目标优化分析、大系统分解-协调等方法。同时,大量的新理论新算法极大地丰富了水库群优化调度的理论研究。本文在介绍了水库群优化调度研究意义的基础上,分别从常规方法和系统分析方法两个方面概述了国内外的研究进展,并对水库群优化调度今后的研究进行了展望。     

人工智能在水库控制中的应用

构造了水库群联合调度神经网络专家系统，提出了水库群运行调度的知识表示、知识获取和自适应训练学习、知识的自适应并行推理等方法。基于确定性优化技术ＰＯＡ法获得专家范例（即长系列操作计算结果），获得指导水库群联合运行的调度规则．模拟运行结果表明了所提方法的优越性。     

人工智能在水库控制中的应用

构造了水库群联合高度神经网络专家系统，提出了水库群运行调度的知识表示、知识获取和自适应训练学习、知识的自适应并行推理等方法，基于确定性优化技术ＰＯＡ法获得专家范例（即长系列操作计算结果），获得指导水库群联合运行的调度规则。模拟运行结果表明了所提方法的优越性。     

基于改进遗传算法的水库群优化调度研究

提出一种基于自适应遗传算法的水库群优化调度问题的求解方法,并对其性能进行了分析。结果表明,该方法可以随个体适应度的大小及群体的分散程度自动调整遗传控制参数,较好地克服了标准遗传算法由于采用固定遗传控制参数带来的若干问题,能够在保持群体多样性的同时,加快收敛速度,提高遗传算法的全局寻优能力,为高精度水库群优化调度提供了一个新的途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that