强耦合非晶态Sb2S3球与碳纳米管中的钠离子和锂离子存储

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb₂S₃ spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb₂S₃@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium and lithium storage properties with high capacity, good cyclability, and prominent rate capability. For sodium storage, a high capacity of 814 mAh·g?1 at 50 mA·g?1 is delivered by the electrode, and a capacity of 732 mAh·g?1 can still be obtained after 110 cycles. Even up to 2000 mA·g?1, a specific capacity of 584 mAh·g?1 can be achieved. For lithium storage, the electrode exhibits high capacities of 1136 and 704 mAh·g?1 at 100 and 2000 mA·g?1, respectively. Moreover, the cell holds a capacity of 1104 mAh·g?1 under 100 mA·g?1 over 110 cycles. Simple preparation and remarkable electrochemical properties make the Sb₂S₃@CNTs electrode a promising anode for both sodium-ion (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).     

pH值对β-MnO2颗粒光催化去除银离子的影响

The presence of silver ions (Ag(I)) in wastewater has a detrimental effect on living organisms. Removal of soluble silver, especially at low concentrations, is challenging. This paper presents the use of β-MnO₂ particles as a photocatalyst to remove Ag(I) ions selectively from aqueous solution at various pH levels. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the removal efficiency and to characterize the deposition of silver onto the surface of β-MnO₂ particles. The optimum pH for the removal of Ag(I) ions was at pH 4 with 99% removal efficiency under 1 h of visible light irradiation. This phenomenon can be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between β-MnO₂ particles and Ag(I) ions as well as the suppression of electron–hole recombination in the presence of H+ ions.     

不同温度下CeO2预煅烧对甲醇氧化反应中Pt/CeO2–C电催化剂性能的影响

Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with CeO₂ pre-calcined at 300–600°C were synthesized by combining hydrothermal calcination and wet impregnation. The effects of the pre-calcined CeO₂ on the performance of Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts in methanol oxidation were investigated. The Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 300–600°C showed an average particle size of 2.6–2.9 nm and exhibited better methanol electro-oxidation catalytic activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In specific, the Pt/CeO₂–C catalysts with pre-calcined CeO₂ at 400°C displayed the highest electrochemical surface area value of 68.14 m2·g?1 and I_f/I_b ratio (the ratio of the forward scanning peak current density (I_f) and the backward scanning peak current density (I_b)) of 1.26, which are considerably larger than those (53.23 m2·g?1 and 0.79, respectively) of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, implying greatly enhanced CO tolerance.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

Mineral-phase evolution and sintering behavior of MO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3 (M=Ca,Ba) glass-ceramics by low-temperature liquid-phase sintering

In this work, network former SiO₂ and network intermediate Al₂O₃ were introduced into typical low-melting binary compositions CaO·B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·B₂O₃ via an aqueous solid-state suspension milling route. Accordingly, multiple-phase aluminosilicate glass-ceramics were directly obtained via liquid-phase sintering at temperatures below 950℃. On the basis of liquid-phase sintering theory, mineral-phase evolutions and glass-phase formations were systematically investigated in a wide MO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ (M=Ca, Ba) composition range. The results indicate that major mineral phases of the aluminosilicate glass-ceramics are Al₂₀B₄O₃₆, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, and BaAl₂Si₂O₈ and that the glass-ceramic materials are characterized by dense microstructures and excellent dielectric properties.     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

CoO/SnO2@NC/S复合材料的制备及其应用于高稳定性锂硫电池正极材料

To improve the sulfur loading capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) cathode and avoid the inevitable “shuttle effect”, hollow N doped carbon coated CoO/SnO₂ (CoO/SnO₂@NC) composite has been designed and prepared by a hydrothermal-calcination method. The specific surface area of CoO/SnO₂@NC composite is 85.464 m2·g–1, and the pore volume is 0.1189 cm3·g–1. The hollow core-shell structure as a carrier has a sulfur loading amount of 66.10%. The initial specific capacity of the assembled Li–S batteries is 395.7 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C, which maintains 302.7 mAh·g–1 after 400 cycles. When the rate increases to 2.5 C, the specific capacity still has 221.2 mAh·g–1. The excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the core-shell structure with high specific surface area and porosity. This structure effectively increases the sulfur loading, enhances the chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides, and reduces direct contact between CoO/SnO₂ and the electrolyte.     

气体扩散层集流体对Ni(OH)2纳米结构电化学性能的影响

We report the electrochemical performance of Ni(OH)₂ on a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The Ni(OH)₂ working electrode was successfully prepared via a simple method, and its electrochemical performance in 1 M NaOH electrolyte was investigated. The electrochemical results showed that the Ni(OH)₂/GDL provided the maximum specific capacitance value (418.11 F·g?1) at 1 A·g?1. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)₂ electrode delivered a high specific energy of 17.25 Wh·kg?1 at a specific power of 272.5 W·kg?1 and retained about 81% of the capacitance after 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the occurrence of sodium deposition after long-time cycling, which caused the reduction in the specific capacitance. This study results suggest that the light-weight GDL, which can help overcome the problem of the oxide layer on metal–foam substrates, is a promising current collector to be used with Ni-based electroactive materials for energy storage applications.     

构建TiO2柱状多层石墨烯纳米复合材料作为降解环丙沙星的高效光催化剂

We successfully constructed TiO₂-pillared multilayer graphene nanocomposites (T-MLGs) via a facile method as follows: dodecanediamine pre-pillaring, ion exchange (Ti4+ pillaring), and interlayer in-situ formation of TiO₂ by hydrothermal method. TiO₂ nanoparticles were distributed uniformly on the graphene interlayer. The special structure combined the advantages of graphene and TiO₂ nanoparticles. As a result, T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ showed the optimum photodegradation rate and adsorption capabilities toward ciprofloxacin. The photodegradation rate of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 78% under light-emitting diode light irradiation for 150 min. Meanwhile, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 3.89 times than that of pristine TiO₂. The composites also exhibited high stability and reusability after five consecutive photocatalytic tests. This work provides a facile method to synthesize semiconductor-pillared graphene nanocomposites by replacing TiO₂ nanoparticles with other nanoparticles and a feasible means for sustainable utilization of photocatalysts in wastewater control.     

Si/Al、Na/Al和H2O/Na2O摩尔比对无机铝硅酸盐涂层甲醛阻隔性能的影响

Wood-based panels containing urea-formaldehyde resin result in the long-term release of formaldehyde and threaten human health. In this study, inorganic aluminosilicate coatings prepared by combining metakaolin, silica fume, NaOH, and H₂O were applied to the surfaces of wood-based panels to obstruct formaldehyde release. The Si/Al, Na/Al, and H₂O/Na₂O molar ratios of the coatings were regulated to investigate their effects on the structure and formaldehyde-resistant barrier properties of coatings. Results showed that the cracks in the coatings gradually disappeared and the formaldehyde resistance rates of the barrier increased as the Si/Al molar ratio was increased from 1.6 to 2.2. This value also increased as the Na/Al molar ratio was increased from 0.9 to 1.2 because of the improvement of the degree of polymerization. As the H₂O/Na₂O molar ratio was increased from 12 to 15, the thickness of the dry film decreased gradually and led to the reduction in the formaldehyde resistance rate. When the Si/Al, Na/Al, and H₂O/Na₂O molar ratios were 2.2, 1.2, and 12, respectively, the inorganic aluminosilicate coating showed good performance as a formaldehyde-resistant barrier and its formaldehyde resistance rate could reach up to 83.2%.     

Low-temperature densification sintering and properties of CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics with MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca,Sr, Ba)

Dense CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics were prepared via a two-step sintering process at temperatures below 1000°C. First, pre-sintered CaAl2Si2O8 powders containing small amounts of other crystal phases were obtained by sintering a mixture of calcium hydroxide and kaolin powders at 950°C for 6 h. Subsequently, the combination of the pre-sintered ceramic powders with MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca, Sr, Ba) flux agents enabled the low-temperature densification sintering of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics at 950°C. The sintering behavior and phase formation of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics were investigated in terms of the addition of the three MeO·2B2O3 flux agents. Furthermore, alumina and quartz were introduced into the three flux agents to investigate the sintering behaviors, phase evolvements, microstructures, and physical properties of the resulting CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics. The results showed that, because of their low-melting characteristics, the MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca, Sr, Ba) flux agents facilitated the formation of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics with a dense microstructure via liquid-phase sintering. The addition of alu-mina and quartz to the flux agents also strongly affected the microstructures, phase formation, and physical properties of the CaAl2Si2O8 ce-ramics.     

燃烧法合成xSrO.yAl2O3:Eu2+,Dy3+发光材料及其表征

用燃烧法成功制备了SrAl2O4Eu2+,Dy3+发光材料,样品无需球磨.用x射线粉末衍射和SEM表征材料的相组成、晶体结构和形貌;用激发和发光光谱和紫外-可见光谱表征材料的光学性质.结果表明当锶铝摩尔比Sr/A1=12时,发光基质主相为SrAl2O4,杂质相为Sr3Al206;随着Sr/Al比值减少,发光主相由SrAl204转为Sr7Al12O25,且发光强度增强,说明Sr7Al12O25发光强度大于SrAl204发光强度,Sr3Al206对发光性能有较大的负面影响.这种磷光体的主发射峰是位于570nm附近的带状谱.     

添加BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃对Sr0.3BaO0.7Nb2O6陶瓷烧结和介电性能的影响

以分析纯的BaCO3,SrCO3,Nb2O5,H38O3和SiO2粉末为原料,采用传统的固相合成法制备添加50BaO-4082O3-10SiO2玻璃(物质的量比)的Sro.3Ba0.7Nb2O6(即SBN70)陶瓷.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和阻抗分析仪研究添加玻璃对SBN70陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响.研究结果表明;随着玻璃含量的增加,陶瓷样品的相对密度先增大后减小;当玻璃含量为5%(质量分数,下同)时,样品的密度达到最大值;添加玻璃降低了陶瓷的烧结温度,于1 250℃时添加5%玻璃的SBN70陶瓷已烧结致密,陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸约2 μm,晶粒呈短柱状结构;当玻璃含量增大时,晶粒尺寸呈增大趋势;当玻璃添加量≤5%时,样品仍为单相四方钨青铜结构;当含量为10%时,出现了第二相SrB4O7;随着玻璃含量的增加,SBN70衍射峰的位置先移向低角度后移向高角度,而居里温度T0逐渐降低,从195℃下降到25℃左右;随玻璃含量的增加,最大介电常数εmax呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,而介电损耗tan δ则随玻璃含量的增大而减小;添加玻璃的SBN70陶瓷具有弥散相变特性,其弥散系数γ随添加玻璃含量的增加而增大.     

SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-SrO-La2O3系微晶玻璃性能的研究

SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-SrO-La2O3为基本成分制备了微晶玻璃样品,在750℃下不同时间热处理。用微波微扰法测量其微波介电性能,结合扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析了其晶相。结果表明,随保温时间的延长,样品的主晶相经历了SrZrSi2O7→SrAl2Si2O8→新玻璃相La2ZrTiO7的变化。SrAl2Si2O8相是亚稳过渡相。反应生成的新玻璃相La2ZrTiO7的Q值高达1800,温度系数约为＋500×10^-6／℃。     

Al2 O3对连铸保护渣中氟浸出的影响

为了消除保护渣在使用过程中氟溶解到水中造成的危害,提出了开发高Al2 O3含量的保护渣.研究了不同含量的Al2 O3对保护渣熔渣水浸液中F-质量浓度和pH值的影响,并利用X射线光电子能谱分析了Al2 O3含量对保护渣熔渣结构的影响.当Al2 O3的质量分数为4%时,保护渣迁移到水中的F-质量浓度为22.8~35.4 mg·L-1,pH值的变化范围为4.0~9.5;当Al2 O3的质量分数由4%增加到34%,F-质量浓度和pH值的变化范围均是先急剧减小后略有增加的趋势. X射线光电子能谱分析显示：增加保护渣中Al2 O3的含量时,保护渣中Al2 O3通过形成Al—F共价键,抑制了氟的浸出.控制保护渣中Al2 O3的质量分数在16%~34%的范围,则实验水样中F-质量浓度在4.0~10.0 mg·L-1的范围,pH值在6.5~7.5的近中性范围,可减弱氟浸出造成的危害.     

BaCu(B2O5)的合成及其对CLST陶瓷烧结性能的影响

分别采用固相反应法和共沉淀结合固相反应法合成了BaCu(B2O5)粉体,并研究了所合成BaCu(B2O5)粉体对CLST陶瓷的烧结性能的影响规律.结果表明:以BaO、CuO和B2O3为原料,BaO和B2O3先反应生成BaB2O4,进一步与CuO反应生成BaCu(B2O5).适当延长煅烧时间,有利于BaCu(B2O5)的...     

助熔剂H_3BO_3对绿色荧光粉SrAl_2O_4∶Eu~(2+)发光性能影响研究

以H3BO3为助熔剂,在1200℃、H2还原气氛下成功制备出绿色荧光粉SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,并研究了不同H3BO3含量对SrAl2O4∶Eu2+发光性能和余辉特性的影响,结果表明随着H3BO3含量的增加,样品的发射光谱发生了"蓝移"现象,并随B3+的掺入,Sr0.96Al2O4∶0.04Eu2+呈现出了长余辉特性,同时增强了样品的发光强度和余辉时间,最佳的H3BO3含量为15%,其余辉时间可以达到6h.     

ZnO和Nb2O5共掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的结构及其介电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了ZnO、Nb 2 O 5共掺杂Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和介电谱方法,分别对系列陶瓷样品的结构和复介电常数进行了测量.结果表明：1）Zn2＋、Nb5＋进入Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3晶格后仍然为钙钛矿型固溶体;2）Nb 2 O 5会使得材料的低温弥散相变过程转变为弛豫相变过程,并在300～360K区域内会出现新的弛豫过程;3）掺入一定量的ZnO后Nb2O5掺入降低了Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料的介电常数,增大了其介电损耗.     

熔融制样-X线荧光光谱测定Al_2O_3中Fe_2O_3,SiO_2,Na_2O的含量

应用熔融制样-X线荧光光谱法测定Al2O3中主要杂质Fe2O3,Si O2和Na2O的含量。采用Li2B4O7挂壁制备熔剂坩埚,分散剂溶解并分散Al2O3样品,蒸干过量水分后加混合熔剂(Li2B4O7∶Li BO2以12∶22的质量比混合),低温蒸干,并加热熔融制成厚度为2.5 mm的玻璃状熔片,用X线荧光光谱仪对Al2O3中Fe,Si,Na等元素同时进行测定。通过对此方法精密度及精确度的考核,其测量结果与化学值相吻合,三者杂质的标准偏差均小于10%,测定值与已知值之间的误差均符合标准规定。     

双稀土掺杂BCST陶瓷的研制及其性能结构的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法合成了BCST（Ba0.62 Ca0.08 Sr0.3 TiO3）粉体,再经过二次固相掺杂稀土Pr6O11和Nd2O3获得BCST∶0.001Pr6 O11.xNd2 O3系列纳米粉体及陶瓷;采用XRD和SEM,等对粉体的相组成和陶瓷的微观形貌进行了表征,并用介电频谱仪测试了陶瓷的介电性能.结果表明：所得BCST∶0.001Pr6O11.0.002Nd2O3粉体主要为四方相纳米粉体;随着稀土Nd2O3掺杂量的增加,所获得的陶瓷的晶粒先逐渐变小随后又逐渐增大;当钕的掺杂量x=0.002时,所获得陶瓷的室温介电常数最高,而介电损失最小;各试样的介电常数随烧结温度的升高增大,在1 330℃,1 360℃和1 400℃温度下烧结所获得的S1-陶瓷,介电常数的峰值εmax分别为10 360、12 490、13 750;其居里温度显著降低（10℃）,介温曲线呈单峰,介电常数随温度的变化敏感而对称,有望在温度敏感陶瓷方面发现其应用.