冷轧低合金高强钢再结晶和析出行为研究

利用热模拟试验机研究了冷轧低合金高强钢的再结晶动力学规律,并基于JMAK方程建立了再结晶动力学模型,为退火过程中铁素体再结晶和析出行为的控制提供了理论依据.结果表明,随退火温度升高,铁素体达到完全再结晶时所用时间大大缩短;冷轧压下量相同时,初始贝氏体组织具有更高的位错密度和储存能;80℃/s快速加热条件下,回复和再结晶过程相应同步提前,且再结晶发生前的剩余变形储能增大,从而使铁素体再结晶快速完成.同时新工艺下实验钢析出粒子尺寸更均匀,体积分数更高,析出强化贡献更明显.     

高强钢氢致裂纹及氢致脆化的研究

本工作采用了三点弯曲研究低合金高强钢氢致裂纹及氢致脆化的敏感性,用脆化度J_(ICOD)=(δCR-δCRH)/δCR作为氢致脆化的判据。高强钢三点弯曲试样断口的形态受应力强度因子K和氢量H的影响,随着K值增加和氢量减小,断口形态向IG→QC_(HE)→DR过渡。根据本研究工作的试验条件用声发射(AE)捕捉启裂点和监视裂纹的扩展是可行的。     

低合金高强钢专用无缝管的研究

该低合金高纯度钢及其无缝管，它不同于国外同级钢种，属于国内首创。在吊车起重臂、高压油缸及钻机壳体等部件上使用已达三年的实践证明，其强度，塑性高，焊接性能好，耐腐蚀和在－４０℃环境下使用安全可靠．用户评定，可以代替进口。     

Q690E低合金高强钢焊接工艺研究

主要介绍了Q690E焊接工艺过程,采用焊条电弧焊进行焊接,焊条为GEL-118M,通过控制热输入、焊前预热、焊后热处理等措施,得到了符合要求的焊接接头。     

低合金高强钢的焊接工艺与组织性能研究

研究了焊接热输入对S700MC钢焊接接头宏观形貌、硬度、拉伸性能、冲击性能和冷弯性能的影响,优化了S700MC钢的连接工艺。结果表明, 4种焊接工艺下焊接接头都成形良好,不同焊接道次的各区域都没有发现焊接缺陷;随着焊接热输入从焊接工艺Ⅰ增加至焊接工艺Ⅳ,焊缝区宽度和焊缝区两侧软化区宽度都有所增加,焊接接头抗拉强度与母材抗拉强度比从99.17%减小至92.57%,而强塑积则先增后减,在焊接热输入为18.24 KJ/cm时取得最大值,且4种焊接工艺下焊接接头的拉伸断裂位置都处于热影响区。焊接接头的-20℃冲击功随着焊接热输入增加而先增大后减小,在焊接热输入为18.24 KJ/cm时取得最大值。焊接线能量为18.24KJ/cm时, S700MC钢焊接接头具有最佳的综合力学性能,可为作为钢结构适宜的焊接工艺。     

高强钢氢致滞后断裂滞后时间的有限元预测

基于氢相关的内聚力模型,开发了顺次耦合的氢致滞后断裂有限元计算程序,预测了预含氢AISI4135高强钢圆棒缺口试样在常载荷拉伸条件下的滞后断裂时间,并考察了试样初始平均含氢水平对滞后断裂的影响.结果表明,氢相关的内聚力模型可有效预测氢致滞后断裂的断裂时间,有限元预测结果和相关报道较为一致.氢致滞后断裂存在氢临界值,当缺口尖端应力集中区聚集的氢浓度达到临界时裂纹开始形核,此临界值和结构的初始含氢量无关.     

低合金高强钢裂纹试样热预应力增韧实验研究

在室温下对低合金高强钢裂纹试样 ,做各种程序的预载 ,然后在 - 1 96℃下进行加载断裂试验 ,并测定其宏观、微观力学参数 .结合断口和金相观察 ,分析了热预应力 ( WPS)的大小对低合金高强钢预裂纹试样增韧效果的影响以及影响 WPS增韧效应的主要因素 .研究结果得出预裂纹钝化是增韧的主要影响因素 ,残余压应力和第二相粒子开裂钝化也使 WPS效应增大 ,加工硬化使 WPS增韧效果下降     

低合金高强钢中非金属夹杂物的改性

借助热力学软件Thermo-Calc和ASPEX自动扫描电镜等分析手段,研究了低合金高强钢精炼过程渣--钢反应和钙处理对夹杂物改性行为的影响.通过提高炉渣碱度和w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)值以及降低炉渣氧化性等措施,钙处理前钢中Al2O3夹杂物转变为靠近1600℃液相区的CaO--MgO--Al2O3复合夹杂物和少量的MgO.Al2O3尖晶石.在渣--钢反应对Al2O3部分变性的基础上,钙线喂入量每炉由优化前的800 m减少到300 m仍能达到夹杂物改性的目的.     

Mo、B对低合金高强钢组织和性能的影响

对两种不同成分的C-Mn-Mo系低合金高强钢(HSLA)进行拉伸和冲击试验,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察试验钢种的微观组织,分析Mo和B对HSLA钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,通过控制钢种的成分和工艺,可得到具有高强度、高韧性匹配的C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢,钢种具有贝氏体组织;在C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢中,适当增加Mo和B的含量,可以明显提高钢种的强度,且不损害其塑韧性.     

Nb含量对低合金高强钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

本研究设计了4组Nb添加量依次为0、0.025%、0.085%、0.180%的低合金高强钢,通过OM、SEM/EDS和力学性能测试,研究了Nb微合金钢的微观组织和强韧化机制。结果表明,未添加Nb的钢组织由粗大的多边形铁素体和少量贝氏体组成,而Nb微合金钢组织主要由细小的针状铁素体和贝氏体构成,且随着Nb含量的增加,析出相NbC的数量增多,晶粒逐渐细化。当Nb含量为0.085%时,钢具有最佳的综合力学性能,这可以归因于硬质相贝氏体以及细小的晶粒所带来的细晶强化作用,另一方面,弥散分布的细小析出相NbC(尺寸分布在50～300 nm)保证了钢的组织均匀性,0.085%Nb钢表现出最为稳定的低温冲击韧性。     

Effect of nanosized Nb C precipitates on hydrogen-induced cracking of high-strength low-alloy steel

We investigated the effect of nanosized NbC precipitates on hydrogen-induced cracking(HIC) of high-strength low-alloy steel by conducting slow-strain-rate tensile tests(SSRT) and performing continuous hydrogen charging and fracture analysis. The results reveal that the HIC resistance of Nb-bearing steel is obviously superior to that of Nb-free steel, with the fractured Nb-bearing steel in the SSRT exhibiting a smaller ratio of elongation reduction(I_δ). However, as the hydrogen traps induced by NbC precipitates approach hydrogen saturation, the effect of the precipitates on the HIC resistance attenuate. We speculate that the highly dispersed nanosized NbC precipitates act as irreversible hydrogen traps that hinder the accumulation of hydrogen at potential crack nucleation sites. In addition, much like Nb-free steel, the Nb-bearing steel exhibits both H-solution strengthening and the resistance to HIC.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度Rm≥1500MPa,冲击韧性Akv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

管线钢中带状组织与氢致开裂

研究了 6种材料在NACE溶液中的氢致开裂 (HIC)行为 .结果表明 :钢材中Mn ,P ,S的含量高时 ,带状组织明显增多 ,HIC敏感性提高 .为避免带状组织及氢致开裂 ,应控制钢材中的Mn ,P ,S含量 ,给出了Mn ,P ,S含量的推荐值 :wMn≤ 1.3% ,wP≤ 0 .0 10 % ,wS≤ 0 .0 0 1% .     

开轧温度对铌微合金化热成型钢氢致延迟开裂性能的影响

通过动态充氢恒载荷、氢渗透等实验研究轧制工艺对铌合金化热成型钢的氢致延迟开裂性能的影响。随着开轧温度从1000益降低到950益,热成型钢的氢扩散系数降低,氢致延迟开裂性能提高,耐腐蚀性能下降。透射电镜观察发现开轧温度为1000益时MX型析出相尺寸为30 nm;开轧温度为950益时热成型钢的MX型析出相尺寸为5 nm左右,可以观察到直径为50 nm Cr2 C3析出相。作为氢陷阱的纳米析出相是提高实验钢氢致延迟开裂性能的主要因素。析出相不同的原因是开轧温度为1000益时MX型析出相发生熟化现象,进一步抑制Cr2 C3的析出。     

Nb微合金化对低合金高强钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响

利用室内模拟海水加速腐蚀试验及电化学分析,研究了Nb微合金化对Cu-Cr-Ni-P系低合金高强钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,含Nb钢与不含Nb钢组织均由铁素体和珠光体构成,但Nb微合金化后钢中珠光体组织减少且晶粒细化明显,其在模拟海水介质中的平均腐蚀速率与不含Nb钢相比,降低了约12%,阳极腐蚀电流密度也有所降低。由此可见,在Cu-Cr-Ni-P系低合金高强钢中加入Nb元素有助于提高其耐海水腐蚀性能。     

Effect of nano-sized precipitates on the crystallography of ferrite in high-strength strip steel

For strip steel with the thickness of 1.6 mm, the yield and tensile strengths as high as 760 and 850 MPa, respectively, were achieved using the compact strip production technology. Precipitates in the steel were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the strengthening mechanism. In addition, intragranular misorientation, Kernel average misorientation, and stored energy were measured using electron backscatter diffraction for crystallographic analysis of ferrite grains containing precipitates and their neighbors without precipitates. It is found that precipitates in specimens primarily consist of TiC and Ti₄C₂S₂. Ferrite grains containing precipitates exhibit the high Taylor factor as well as the crystallographic orientations with {012}, {011}, {112}, or {221} plane parallel to the rolling plane. Compared with the intragranular orientation of adjoining grains, the intragranular misorientation of grains containing precipitates fluctuates more frequently and more mildly as a function of distance. Moreover, the precipitates can induce ferrite grains to store a relatively large amount of energy. These results suggest that a correlation exists between precipitation in ferrite grains and grain crystallographic properties.     

Determining role of heterogeneous microstructure in lowering yield ratio and enhancing impact toughness in high-strength low-alloy steel

Here we present a novel approach of intercritical heat treatment for microstructure tailoring,in which intercritical annealing is introduced between conventional quenching and tempering.This induced a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of soft intercritical ferrite and hard tempered martensite,resulting in a low yield ratio(YR)and high impact toughness in a high-strength low-alloy steel.The initial yielding and subsequent work hardening behavior of the steel during tensile deformation were modified by the presence of soft intercritical ferrite after intercritical annealing,in comparison to the steel with full martensitic microstructure.The increase in YR was related to the reduction in hardness difference between the soft and hard phases due to the precipitation of nano-carbides and the recovery of dislocations during tempering.The excellent low-temperature toughness was ascribed not only to the decrease in probability of microcrack initiation for the reduction of hardness difference between two phases,but also to the increase in resistance of microcrack propagation caused by the high density of high angle grain boundaries.     

700 MPa冷轧低合金超高强钢的典型连续退火工艺

为了开发新一代冷轧低合金超高强钢,利用连续退火实验机对Ti-0.12%、Nb-0.076%的冷轧低合金超高强钢进行连续退火实验,设计了760~830℃四种不同退火温度,研究了退火温度对实验钢的相组成、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响.在800℃退火、400℃过时效的条件下,可得到铁素体和少量贝氏体的组织,铁素体晶粒尺寸约为1.4μm,屈服强度可达700 MPa.同时利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察到钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的亚晶结构、少量位错以及纳米级的Ti、Nb的析出物,这些微结构单元对强度有较大的提升作用.     

Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged samples presents a brittle quasi-cleavage feature, and pits facilitate the transgranular crack initiation. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the decreased polarization resistance and the pitting resistance of samples with hydrogen indicate that hydrogen increases the dissolution rate and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves present that hydrogen also accelerates the dissolution rate of the crack tip.     

16Mn(HIC)钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

采用恒应变和慢应变速率拉伸实验的方法,研究了16Mn(HIC)和16Mn钢母材、焊缝在H2S环境中应力腐蚀开裂.结果表明:两种材料在酸性H2S介质中均发生穿晶型硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC);与16Mn钢相比,16Mn(HIC)钢有更好的抗SSCC性能,钢中的C,Mn,P和S的含量降低有利于提高钢的抗SSCC性能.焊缝及热影响区在焊接过程中,产生的粗大魏氏组织、偏析、缩孔和夹杂等缺陷,降低了焊缝的抗SSCC能力.但是,通过焊后热处理可以适当提高焊缝的抗SSCC能力.