Characterization of Arabidopsis calreticulin mutants in response to calcium and salinity stresses

As an important calcium-binding protein, calreticulin plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum （ER） of plants. Here, we identified three loss-of-function mutants of calreticulin genes in Arabidopsis to demonstrate the function of calreticulin in response to calcium and salinity stresses. There are three genes encoding calreticulin in Arabidopsis, and they are named AtCRT1, 2, and 3, respectively. We found that both single mutant of crt3 and double mutant of crtl crt2 were more sensitive to low calcium environment than wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, crt3 mutant showed more sensitivity to salt treatment at germination stage, but tolerance to salt stress at later stage compared with wild-type plant. However, there was no obvious growth difference in the mutant crtl and crt2 compared with wild-type Arabidopsis under calcium and salt stresses. These results suggest that calreticulin functions in plant responses to calcium and salt stresses.     

Gene control of flowering time in higher plants

Flowering involves a transition process from vegetative growth to reproductive development, in which a series of routine changes take place in the shoot apical meristems from metabolic pathway to external phenotype. Expression of the genes related to flowering is the foundation for achieving the transition. Environmental factors (such as vernalization and photoperiod) and the growth status of cell itself induce the expression of the specific genes. A lot of achievements have been made recently in gene control for the determination of flowering time. The article reviews some new advances of such researches related to our work and the interesting field.     

拟南芥开花时间的分子遗传调控

拟南芥开花主要受四种遗传途径调控,即:光周期途径,春化途径,自主途径和赤霉素途径。各种途径之间通过CO,FLC,FT,SOC1等主效基因的相互作用,最终调节花特异性基因AP1和LFY的表达,从而调控拟南芥的开花时间,其中各种突变体的研究揭示了相关基因的功能。这些主效基因中,CO基因对光周期途径是特异的,FLC基因对开花起抑制作用。其它因素如环境、基因染色质结构的改变、酶等对拟南芥开花时间的影响有待进一步的研究。     

异源表达花生基因AhGLK1对拟南芥glk1glk2突变体表型特征及抗旱性的影响

为探讨花生基因AhGLK1对拟南芥表型特征和抗旱能力的影响,以glk1glk2突变体为实验材料,异源表达AhGLK1,观察转基因拟南芥表型特征,包括叶色、叶片数量和形态等;利用共聚焦显微镜观察叶绿体;测定拟南芥叶片失水率和旱后存活率;利用荧光测定仪检测干旱和复水恢复过程中,拟南芥叶片叶绿素荧光参数的变化.结果表明:AhGLK1/glk1glk2回复株系拟南芥叶片呈绿色,叶片数量增加,叶片卷曲,叶柄增长,叶绿体发育完善,气孔增多,叶片保水性提高,旱后存活率显著升高.叶绿素荧光参数在干旱胁迫下显著降低,而复水时恢复.证明AhGLK1通过影响叶片数量、形态发育以及光合作用等提高拟南芥的抗旱能力.     

AGO1基因对拟南芥叶边缘锯齿状发育的影响

在拟南芥和水稻中Argonaute(AGO)蛋白是RNA介导的沉默复合体(RISC)的核心组分,在植物叶极性的分化方面具有重要的调节作用。实验根据AGO1基因序列设计一对特异引物,提取野生型拟南芥RNA作为模板,采用反转录PCR方法扩增出AGO1基因,并插入到克隆载体pGEM-T中。筛选鉴定后将AGO1连接到植物表达载体pBI121上,构建起植物表达载体pBI121-AGO1。并且利用农杆菌介导的方法转化拟南芥,通过抗性筛选,获得转基因植株。然后对转基因植株进行表型分析及AGO1蛋白的RT-PCR检测。通过对转基因拟南芥表达分析发现,与野生型拟南芥相比超表达AGO1蛋白的转基因拟南芥叶片明显呈锯齿状,说明AGO1基因影响拟南芥叶片发育。     

不同生境广玉兰的花枝性状及开花特性

为探明广玉兰的花器官对生境变化的生态适应性表现特征,选取上海师范大学奉贤校区4种生境类型,包括阳生湿地、阳生洼地、阴生平地、半遮荫平地的广玉兰一年生花枝为研究对象,对比了不同生境类型花枝形态性状及生殖分配比、花粉活力、开花物候的特征.主要结果如下：半遮荫平地及阴生平地生境条件下的一年生花枝单叶面积、比叶面积均高于阳生生境;阴生平地的一年生花枝的长度、花直径及宽度相较于其他3种生境,数值更大,呈现出花大叶大,枝条伸展度更高的特征,观赏性极佳.在4种生境中的花干重差异不显著,叶干重和枝干重均存在显著性差异（方差参数F为4.38和3.31,显著性检验指数p<0.05）.半遮荫平地生境条件下叶干重极显著高于其他生境（F=4.48,p<0.01）,而从花枝各器官干重的分配看,阳生湿地和阴生平地分配给花的有机物质更高,含水率呈现花大于叶、叶大于茎的趋势.阳生湿地生殖分配比极显著高于其余3种生境（F=4.48,p<0.01）.不同生境花粉活力存在显著性差异（F=19.00,p<0.01）,其中阳生洼地为20.79%,半遮荫平地为7.14%.半遮阴平地生境条件下生长的植株花期开...     

H-ATPase in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis pollen cells is involved in extracellular calmodulin-promoted pollen germination

In this paper, the role of the plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase in extracellular calmodulin (CaM)-promoted pollen germination and in tube growth of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate, free cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_cyt) and Ca²⁺ channel activity in the PM of pollen cells were measured. In response to fusicoccin or CaM treatment, in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate, [Ca²⁺]_cyt and activity of a hyperpolarization-activated Ca²⁺-permeable channel increased. Sodium vanadate inhibited the promotion of these parameters by extracellular CaM. The results suggest that H⁺-ATPase may be involved in extracellular CaM-regulated pollen germination and in tube growth by modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated Ca²⁺ channel in the PM of A. thaliana pollen cells.     

温度和时间对郁金香种球芽发育及切花品质的影响

对10个不同品种的郁金香种球,在变温、常温和低温条件下分别处理不同的时间,研究各品种的芽体发育和切花品质.结果表明：常温条件下各品种的芽长随处理时间的延长而增长,5℃低温处理8周或10周的芽体最长,且品种间差异显著;变温处理的盲花率最高（100%）,其次是常温处理（91%）,5℃处理的盲花率最低（7%）;常温处理切花品质差,低温处理能明显提高切花质量,但处理时间因品种而异.     

拟南芥ACOS5基因表达模式分析

探讨了拟南芥ACOS5基因的表达模式.采用PCR方法对拟南芥col生态型基因组进行扩增,获得ACOS5基因启动子序列,将其连入p1300植物表达载体中以GFP作为报告基因,并将该载体通过农杆菌转基因转入拟南芥col生态型中,观察转基因植物花药中GFP的表达情况.结果:ACOS5::GFP转基因植物从花药发育第四期到十二期均有GFP表达,GFP的表达峰值在第八期.结论:该表达载体可用,且ACOS5基因从花药发育第四期开始有微弱表达,且随着时期发展逐渐增强,至第八期达到表达最高峰值,随后随时期发展表达量逐渐减弱.     

Molecular characterization of GmNHX2, a Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog from soybean,and its heterolosous expression to improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

Na＋/H＋ antiporters have been well documented to enhance plant salt tolerance by regulating cellular ion homeostasis. Here, a putative Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog GmNHX2 from soybean was cloned and predicted to encode a protein of 534 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane domains. GmNHX2 was expressed in all soybean plant tissues but enriched in roots and its expression was induced by NaCI and polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatments. GmNHX2 exhibits greater sequence similarity with LeNHX2 and AtNHX6 than that of AtNHX1 and AtSOS1. Although phylogenetic analysis clustered GmNHX2 with organellar （tonoplast and vesicles） antiporters, the GmNHX2-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） fusion protein was possibly localized in the plasma membrane or organelle membrane of transgenic plant cells, Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GmNHX2 were more tolerant to high NaCl concentrations during germination and seedling stages when compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that GmNHX2 is a membrane Na＋/H＋ antiporter and may function to regulate ion homeostasis under salt stress.     

Overexpression of rice OsLOL2 gene confers disease resistance in tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci

LSD1-related proteins of Arabidopsis with LSDl-like zinc finger domains regulate disease resistance and programmed cell death （PCD）. We cloned a rice OsLOL2 gene, orthologous to LSD1 of Arabidopsis and expressed it in a tobacco plant. Transgenic tobacco lines displayed enhanced disease resistance to a virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci （Pst）. RT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco lines resulted in upregulation of two pathogenesis-related （PR） protein genes, PR2 and PR5. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco enhances the resistance through the induction of PR proteins and hypersensitive response-like reaction.     

转录因子TDF1对拟南芥雄性不育突变体atms1的温敏调控机制研究

TDF1作为MYB家族的转录因子,参与了胼胝质的降解过程,并控制绒毡层的分化从而影响着花粉粒的正常发育.以一株通过甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变Col-0野生型拟南芥获得的温敏雄性不育突变体atms1(ambient temperature-sensory male sterility1)对温度敏感机制进行了研究.通过构建TDF1反义RNA表达载体,在atms1突变体背景下抑制TDF1的表达来观察突变体花粉育性的变化,发现在27℃时的atms1突变体花粉的育性得以恢复.这一结果表明在花粉发育的过程中TDF1对ATMS1m具有一定的调控作用.     

家庭养花在污染防治中的作用

阐述了花卉在削弱室内空气污染，提高空气质量方面的作用：吸收有毒气体、二氧化硫(SO2)、氟化氢(HF)、氯气(Cl2)等；分泌杀菌素，减少空气含菌量；减少空气中放射性物质含量及辐射危害；监测空气污染。同时文中对具有空气净化能力的家庭常见花卉也进行了较详细的分类总结。     

图m(G1(2n,1)*G2(2n,1))的优美性和奇强协调性

定义图m（G1（2n,1）＊G2（2n,1））的概念,证明它是优美图和奇强协调图,还证明图G1（2n,m）也是奇强协调的.     

凤仙花离体培养再生植株并试管内开花

研究以凤仙花无菌苗胚芽段作为外植体,经过不含任何激素的MS(0)培养基预培养、MS+6-BA3mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基的诱导芽和根分化、MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L培养基的诱导开花,在60d左右实现了凤仙花离体培养再生植株并在试管内开花.凤仙花离体培养试管内开花不仅具有一定的商业开发价值,而且为深入研究外界条件对植物离体开花的调控提供了一个简便的实验体系.     

Mechanism of electrochemical evolution of chlorine and oxygen at Ti/SnO2-IrO2 anode

The mechanisms of chlorine and oxygen electrochemical evolution at a novel Ti/SnO₂-IrO₂ anode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and steady state current?potential measurements. For this study a laboratory constructed model cell was employed. Firstly, controlled potential electrolysis of 0.1 mol/L NaCl was performed and chlorine was observed to evolve at potential +1.2 V. The pH values of the solution decreased during electrolysis over the potential range of +1.0 V?+2.0 V, suggesting that oxygen evolution may involve in the reactions. Electrolysis with a de?oxygenated NaCl solution at a fixed potential of +2.0 V confirmed that O2 is one of the products generated at the anode. Further electrolysis of NaCl solution was conducted under steady state conditions. A potential?current density plot was constructed over the potential range of +1.00 V?+1.28 V. The slope of the plot at Tafel section was found to be 41 mV/decade. These results indicate that chlorine evolution at the anode is achieved via an intermediate layer formed by electrosorption of oxygen and chlorine on the electrode surface.     

温度和光照对克氏原螯虾生物钟基因PcClk与PcCry1表达的影响

生物钟基因clock(Clk)和cryptochrome(Cry)参与生物内在节律调控。克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarbii)是我国重要的水产养殖经济虾类,为探究温度、光照对克氏原螯虾生长及其生物钟基因PcClk与PcCry1节律振荡表达的影响,采用实时定量PCR技术探讨克氏原螯虾PcClk和PcCry1基因在脑、眼柄和肝胰腺组织中的mRNA表达模式,并探讨PcClk和PcCry1基因在温度和光照周期适应过程中是否发生适应性进化。荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,克氏原螯虾的PcClk基因和PcCry1基因在脑、眼柄和肝胰腺中均有表达。在不同光照周期培养下,PcClk基因和PcCry1基因在脑、眼柄中的mRNA表达有一定的振荡节律,在25℃、12 LD的培养模式下,脑中PcClk基因和PcCry1基因mRNA表达的节律性会更明显。选择压力分析显示,经PAML和Datamonkey共同筛选出的PcCLK正选择位点为71与213,PcCRY1正选择位点为63。以上结果表明,克氏原螯虾生物钟基因PcClk和PcCry1受到了选择压力,克氏原螯虾PcClk基因和PcCry1基因是内源性的节律基因。