北京怀沙-怀九河种子植物区系分析

对怀沙-怀九河种子植物区系进行了初步分析,该区共有种子植物67科177属264种,以禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)等为优势科;以蓼属(Polygonum)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)、鬼针草属(Bidens)等为优势属,但属的组成较为分散,寡种属和单种属占总属数的97.18%,表明该区植物成分较为复杂,物种多样性指数较高.从分布区类型看,科以热带成分占优势(51.28%);属的分布区类型可划分为14类,以北温带分布属为主,占27.27%,泛热带成分比例也较高,占21.21%,总体上温带成分(71.21%)高于热带成分(28.79%).表明该区植物区系地理成分复杂,具有一定的过渡性,分布区类型多样.特有植物匮乏.列为国家首批保护的珍稀濒危植物3种.     

山西庞泉沟自然保护区木本植物区系研究

庞泉沟自然保护区位于山西吕梁山脉中段.庞泉沟自然保护区共有木本植物175种(含变种),隶属于36科72属,其中裸子植物2科6属7种,被子植物34科66属168种.单种科、寡种科、单种属和寡种属在植物区系组成中占比例较大.木本植物科属种的区系地理成分复杂多样.科的分布区类型中,世界分布、热带-亚热带-温带分布和温带分布的科数,分别占总科数的27.78%、33.33%和33.33%.属的分布区类型中,温带成分51属,占总属数的75.00%,反映出该区植物区系的温带性质.种的分布区类型中,中国特有分布种居首位,其中华北落叶松、黄刺玫、油松等为该区植被建群种或优势种.科属种的特有现象不平衡,没有中国特有科,中国特有属、特有种分别为2属、79种.     

安徽岭南自然保护区种子植物区系分析

安徽岭南自然保护区有种子植物1351种(包括种下单位),隶属于609属139科,其中裸子植物7科14属17种;双子叶植物116科487属1134种,单子叶植物16科108属200种.含有14个分布区类型和15个变型,由热带成分和温带成分组成.世界分布种218种,占总种数的16.1%,中国特有分布属20个.     

金佛山自然保护区种子植物模式标本物种的区系分析及学名修订

在资料查询基础上,统计出金佛山自然保护区种子植物模式标本物种共计301种,经修订后合计289种,隶属于80科180属.模式标本植物科的分布区类型以热带性质为主,科的热带成分与温带成分之比为1.89∶1.属的分布区类型以温带性质为主,属的温带与热带成分之比为1.87∶1.中国特有属11属,占全部属的6.88%.原学名有69个被归并(否定),其中有42个学名变化发生在种级水平上,27个学名变化发生在种下水平.     

贵阳二环林带种子植物区系研究

贵阳二环林带现有种子植物489种,隶属于107科334属.科级区系成分中,热带性质的占总科数(除世界分布科外)的64.79%,温带性质的科占32.39%,中国特有科占2.82%;属级区系成分中,有15种分布区类型和12种变型,其中热带分布133属,占总属数(除世界分布属外)的44.33%,温带分布共157属,占52.33%,中国特有7属,占2.33%.该区植物区系介于热带与温带之间,属亚热带区系性质.     

井冈山自然保护区药用种子植物及其保护的初步研究

江西省井冈山自然保护区属于国家级自然保护区,区内有药用种子植物1125种(包括变种、变型),隶属于167科,529属.本文统计分析了上述药用种子植物的区系组成,并对其保护提出了初步建议.分析结果表明:167科中,单种科共有42科,占总科数的25.15%;大型科只有菊科和蝶形花科,分别含43属、66种和24属、53种;从科的数量看,寡种科与小型科是本区的主导科.529个属中,单种属278属,占总属数的52.55%,所占比例最大,但其所含种数则只占总种数的24.71%;占主要地位的是寡种属和少种属.529个药用种子植物属可以划分为14个分布区类型,其中热带分布及其变型共有228属,占47.80%(除世界分布型).温带分布及其变型共238属,占49.89%.中国特有分布11属,占总属数的2.31%.对井冈山药用植物的开发利用遵循可持续利用的准则,加强研究,尽快建立药用植物信息系统,强化新技术和新方法的应用与推广.     

山西历山保护区野生种子植物区系研究

在标本采集、鉴定的基础上,结合相关文献资料,研究了山西历山国家级自然保护区野生种子植物区系组成及其地理成分.结果表明:历山保护区共有野生种子植物1 246种,分别隶属于111科499属,其中裸子植物4科5属8种,被子植物107科494属1 238种(双子叶植物93科399属1 040种,单子叶植物14科95属198种).温带分布成分占绝对优势,其中温带科28科,占总科数的25.23%;温带属337属,占总属数的76.94%,说明本区系具有明显的温带性质.热带科42科,占总科数的37.84%;热带属90属,占总属数的20.53%,表明本区系在发生发展过程中与热带成分相联系的历史渊源.种的分布区类型中,中国特有分布500种所占比例最大,其次是温带亚洲分布和东亚分布.     

大木山自然保护区种子植物区系初步研究

在野外调查和分类的基础上,对大木山自然保护区种子植物区系进行了初步研究.结果表明:大木山自然保护区植物资源十分丰富,共有种子植物137科,648属,1400种.科的优势现象明显,优势科为蔷薇科、菊科、禾本科、豆科和百合科.地理成分复杂,种子植物科的分布区类型有10个,热带成分占优势,属的分布区类型有15个,种的分布区类型有14个,温带性质属种略多于热带性质属种,区系具有明显的过渡性特征.种子植物区系起源古老,特有成分和珍稀保护物种丰富.     

湖北中华山国家级森林公园种子植物区系初步研究

统计分析了中华山国家级森林公园的种子植物区系.该区共有野生种子植物139科、594属、1257种.该区的优势科（含16种以上）主要有菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科、唇形科、百合科和蓼科等,科的分布区类型以泛热带成分为主（4333%）,其中科的热带性地理成分占5876%;本区以单种和寡种属为主,属的分布区类型以泛热带（2371%）和北温带（2352%）分布最多,属的温带性和热带性地理成分分别占4381%和5372%.通过与邻近的黄山、神农架、伏牛山、嵩山以及天目山5个山地进行种类相似性分析,中华山与伏牛山关系最密切,与天目山关系差异性最大.     

新疆霍尔果斯河流域植物区系研究

初步查明,霍尔果斯河流域有野生维管束植物85科463属1153种(含亚种、变种),其中蕨类植物8科11属23种,裸子植物3科3属10种,被子植物(双子叶植物63科376属910种,单子叶植物11科73属210种)74科449属1120种,并在该地区发现了珍稀物种半日花的新分布地和一种我国未曾纪录过的桦树。对该地区分布的种子植物区系进行分布区类型分析表明,首先是北温带分布及旧世界温带分布的比重最大,共有238属656种,占该地区种子植物总属、种数的60.10%、72.97%。其次为地中海区、西亚至中亚分布和中亚分布,共有113属169种,占该地区种子植物总属、种数的28.53%、18.80%。再次为温带亚洲分布的有14属21种,占该地区种子植物总属、种数的3.54%、2.34%。东亚分布有6属6种,占该地区种子植物总属、种数的1.51%、0.67%。东亚和北美洲间断分布的仅有2属2种,占该地区种子植物总属、种数的0.51%和0.22%。上述分析表明该地区植物区系与旧世界温带及地中海—西亚—中亚交流最多,其次与全热带及温带亚洲和东亚有一定的交流,而与东亚和北美洲及旧世界热带交流最少。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.